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[Citalopram in depression (results of an open multicenter study in phase IV of the clinical trial)]. [西酞普兰治疗抑郁症(临床试验四期多中心开放研究结果)]。
Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie Pub Date : 1993-12-01
O Vinar, J Svestka, M Koníková
{"title":"[Citalopram in depression (results of an open multicenter study in phase IV of the clinical trial)].","authors":"O Vinar,&nbsp;J Svestka,&nbsp;M Koníková","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>249 depressed patients were treated by 35 psychiatrists in an open multicenter trial during 6 weeks with citalopram. The protocol enabled that naturalistic treatment conditions could be kept. The results were rated with the help of the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale. The treatment was successful in 77% of the patients. 5 patients dropped out because of adverse effects, 8 patients did not finish the trial due to insufficient efficacy. In 160 patients (64.2%) no adverse effects were registered. Transient mild headaches in 8.4% and nausea in 4% were the most frequent adverse events. The best effects were observed in patients who were rated as moderately ill (82.8% ameliorated) at pretreatment. Nevertheless, also 66.7% of those rated as severely ill before the treatment improved substantially. In patients treated with higher doses than 20 mg/day, the improvement rate was not higher than in those treated with 20 mg daily.</p>","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19117464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Psychological characteristics of deviant sexual aggressors]. [变态性侵犯者的心理特征]。
Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie Pub Date : 1993-12-01
L Kosutová, P Weiss
{"title":"[Psychological characteristics of deviant sexual aggressors].","authors":"L Kosutová,&nbsp;P Weiss","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Based on psychological examination of 20 paraphilia sexual aggressors the authors focused attention on assessment of specific personality characteristics of this patient group. The results of MMPI, DOPEN and Hand test suggest that their problems are not confined only to the sphere of sexual motivation and sexual socialization. They indicate maladaptation in interpersonal relations (hostility, lack of responsibility, suspicion, lack of empathy), emotional maladaptation (low sensitivity, absence of feeling of guilt) and increased probability of generally aggressive and criminal behaviour (predominance of aggressive and directive attitudes in relation to socially cooperative tendencies). In the authors' opinion these personality characteristics can be, when compared with other diagnostic groups of paraphiliacs, considered specific for the investigated group of sexual aggressors.</p>","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19116718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Mania and melancholia in the writings of Aretaeus]. [阿雷泰厄斯著作中的躁狂症和忧郁症]。
Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie Pub Date : 1993-12-01
V Sedivec
{"title":"[Mania and melancholia in the writings of Aretaeus].","authors":"V Sedivec","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In antique medicine mania and melancholia were diagnosed as impairment of sense and imagination. Aretaeus considered that the difference between them was that melancholia was \"partial\" insanity (anxiety of the soul caused by a single idea), while mania was insanity of the \"whole soul\". This concept led to extension of both terms, in particular melancholia which composed also paranoid and hallucinatory symptomatology. This concept persisted to the beginning of the 19th century.</p>","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19116720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Why diagnostic classification in psychiatry?]. [为什么要在精神病学中进行诊断分类?]
Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie Pub Date : 1993-12-01
P Baudis, Z Kalvach
{"title":"[Why diagnostic classification in psychiatry?].","authors":"P Baudis,&nbsp;Z Kalvach","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors draw attention to doubts regarding diagnostic psychiatric classification and underrating of an accurate terminology, particularly during the last 15 years. They analyze advantages, the purpose and sense of diagnostic classification patterns and expectations from this pattern. They submit arguments for the statement that psychiatric diagnosis is essential for the mutual understanding, for assessment of therapy, prognosis and evaluation and also for psychiatric research.</p>","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19117462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Citalopram (Seropram) in tablet and infusion forms in the treatment of major depression]. [西酞普兰(血清普兰)片剂和输液治疗重度抑郁症]。
Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie Pub Date : 1993-12-01
J Svestka, E Cesková, V Kamenická, A Buresová, V Obrovská, O Synek
{"title":"[Citalopram (Seropram) in tablet and infusion forms in the treatment of major depression].","authors":"J Svestka,&nbsp;E Cesková,&nbsp;V Kamenická,&nbsp;A Buresová,&nbsp;V Obrovská,&nbsp;O Synek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Citalopram i.v. and oral had a reliable antidepressive and anxiolytic effect in 101 hospitalized patients, as apparent from the achievement of complete remission in cca 60% of the patients with major depression after four weeks follow-up. Treatment with citalopram by the intravenous or oral route was most successful in anxious or inhibitory depressions, while atypical forms with hypochondriac or obsedant features responded better to infusions. The global score of HAMD and FKD scales and typical symptoms of depression such as a pathic decreased mood, anhedonia, feelings of guilt, lack of interest, anxiety and suicidal thoughts were positively reduced. The following were not affected: loss of appetite, loss of weight, anosognosia, paranoidity, and hallucinations. The clinical onset of the therapeutic effect was on average apparent on the 10th-12th day of therapy, significantly sooner when the intravenous route was used. The authors did not find significant differences in the therapeutic results in patients under and above 60 years and in those with a mild or severe depression. As regards subjective preference and preference by relatives, infusions were unequivically preferred as they had, no doubt, also a psychological effect. As to the incidence of undesirable effects, the authors did not detect a difference between the two routes of administration of citalopram, which was well tolerated and 50% of the patients did not report any side-effects and the rare ones recorded were not more frequent than in 20% of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19117463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Where is psychiatry going?]. 精神病学将何去何从?
Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie Pub Date : 1993-12-01
G O Krizek
{"title":"[Where is psychiatry going?].","authors":"G O Krizek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The author, who has been active for 33 years as a psychiatrist in geographically and ethnically diverse areas (Czechoslovakia, Austria, and the U.S.A.) discusses the difficult position today of psychiatry as a medical specialty. Although the number of medical school graduates who select psychiatry in the U.S.A. alternates and is sometimes declining, the future of psychiatry in medical schools and in research facilities does not appear to be in imminent danger. Moreover, the prospect for psychiatrists in other organizations is less favorable. Public state hospitals are gradually being dismantled. The role of psychiatrists in outpatient services and in solo practice is particularly threatened. Psychiatry is subject to unmerciful competition from nonmedical branches of mental health such as psychology and social work. Various therapists, without medical degrees, compete with psychiatrists and in this way restrict the pool of potential private patients. Such therapists capitalize on the fact that a large number of patients in need of professional psychiatric help are not aware of the basic difference between psychiatrists, who are medical doctors, and psychologists and social workers, who are not. The author also discusses how legal liability for malpractice by nonmedical therapists and paraprofessionals is not expected or anticipated, while lawsuits against psychiatrists are taken for granted. In addition, there exists the possibility that such nonmedical therapists will gain the legal right to prescribe psychotropic medication. These individuals would then prescribe medicine without the benefit of the necessary educational and medical background. Poorly defined \"courses\" would then be expected to replace long years on medical studies, and in this way to devalue the intrinsic quality of medical studies themselves. The opinions expressed are entirely Dr. Krizek is own, and do not represent the views of any other person or organization.</p>","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19116722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Multiple orgasms in women]. [女性多重性高潮]。
Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie Pub Date : 1993-12-01
S Kratochvíl
{"title":"[Multiple orgasms in women].","authors":"S Kratochvíl","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two hundred women treated for neurotic disorders and 100 female health professionals and counselors were investigated by means of a questionnaire to establish, whether they can have two or more consecutive orgasms. Multiple orgasms were reported to occur mostly or often in 14% of neurotics and in 39% of the health professionals. Our results in female neurotics are in agreement with the classical data of Kinsey et al. (1953) and with the recent data of Hubalek (1986), who investigated 121 women presenting for suspected sterility. Our results in health professionals and counselors are close to the data of Darling et al. (1991) in a sample of 805 American female nurses. It seems that capacity for multiorgasmic experience in women is higher than was generally acknowledged previously. It is possible that nurses, medical doctors and psychologists use their better knowledge of sexuality in their sexual activities to obtain more effective stimulation for fuller use of their sexual capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19117465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Sexual orientation and selectivity of perception (experimental study)]. 性取向与感知选择性(实验研究)。
Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie Pub Date : 1993-12-01
P Weiss, A Tsakalidou
{"title":"[Sexual orientation and selectivity of perception (experimental study)].","authors":"P Weiss,&nbsp;A Tsakalidou","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For a group of homosexual (N1 = 20) and heterosexual (N2 = 20) men the authors projected by means of a binocularoscope (apparatus making it possible to project to each eye a different slide) male life models (M), female life models (F) and neutral stimuli (N) in 18 different combinations. The period of exposure was 0.202 s. It was revealed that after concurrent exposure of two slides with different contents the responses of the two groups differed significantly: homosexuals perceived males (M) more frequently than females (F) and neutral stimuli (N), while heterosexuals perceived more frequently females (F) than males (M) and neutral stimuli (N). In both groups probands predominated who gave the majority of replies consistent with their sexual orientation. According to the authors the results provide evidence that perception is influenced by the sexual orientation of the subject. They assume that the described phenomenon can be used also when assessing the sexual orientation in sexuological diagnostic practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19117467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Contribution of the 10th International Classification of Diseases to pediatric and adolescent psychiatry]. [第十届国际疾病分类对儿科和青少年精神病学的贡献]。
Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie Pub Date : 1993-12-01
V Vojtík
{"title":"[Contribution of the 10th International Classification of Diseases to pediatric and adolescent psychiatry].","authors":"V Vojtík","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 10th revision of the classification of mental disorders and behavioural disorders is due to description of clinical symptoms and diagnostic criteria more accurate and enriches the activities of departments of child and adolescent psychiatry. Diagnostics, therapy and prevention profit not only from sections dealing with newly conceived disorders which begin in childhood and adolescence but also other sections where problems relating to children and adolescents are pointed out. The Czech translation inovates clinical pictures given in our textbook of Child psychiatry published in 1963 and thus replaces partly a hitherto not published modern Czech textbook of child and adolescent psychiatry.</p>","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19116719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Sibling position in the family and marital satisfaction]. [兄弟姐妹在家庭中的地位和婚姻满意度]。
Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie Pub Date : 1993-12-01
A Plháková, L Osecká
{"title":"[Sibling position in the family and marital satisfaction].","authors":"A Plháková,&nbsp;L Osecká","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors investigated the influence of siblings' constellations in childhood on marital satisfaction. The investigation was performed on 582 persons, 435 of them had undergone treatment in the psychotherapeutic department for neuroses. The rest of them, the control group, had never been treated for neurosis. The results of the work suggest that the position of both partners in Childhood influence the total marital satisfaction. The combination of the oldest brother and the youngest sister seems to be the most favourable, especially in the neurotic group. In the control group, the lowest average of the satisfaction was found when the husband had only brothers and the wife only sisters. However, we did not find the evidence for this in the neurotic group.</p>","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19116721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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