Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie最新文献

{"title":"[Anxiolytics 1988-1991 (review)].","authors":"V Novotný","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the submitted paper the author reviews the literature on anxiolytics during the mentioned period, based on previous reviews. He discusses the extent to which anxiolytics are used. The majority of information pertains to benzodiazepine BD anxiolytics. He provides data on treatment of anxious conditions, on the administration of anxiolytics in impaired sleep, in gerontopsychiatry and alcohology. In broader indications anxiolytics are administered also in depressions, manias and other psychoses. Attention is paid also to the risk of development of dependence on anxiolytics, tolerance and withdrawal syndromes. In the conclusion the author present information on recent non-benzodiazepine anxiolytics.</p>","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19094976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Ethical problems in modern sexology].","authors":"P Weiss,&nbsp;S Brichcín,&nbsp;H Fifková","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The paper is focused on problems of sexual minorities. The authors discuss their position in society, terminological problems and in particular questions associated with ethical problems of treatment of paraphilics. The authors differentiate between essential, possible and not indicated therapeutic provisions. They also focus attention on ethical aspects of different types of treatment of sexual delinquents (surgical, pharmacological and psychotherapeutic methods), whereby they emphasize in particular the necessity to obtain the patient's informed consent. According to the authors skilled therapy gives a chance to reintegrate the paraphilic patient into society and to protect victims delinquent sexual behaviour.</p>","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19340540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Summary of results of a study of heredity of intelligence in a sample of the Czech population. III. Longitudinal and genealogic study of twins and their families].","authors":"H Drábková","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The author presents further results of the longitudinal study of inheritance of intelligence, its components and structure in twins. Summarized results are presented for the age period from 0-15 years as well as detailed results of individual components and the global IQ in the age group of 8-15 years. The paper follows after two previous ones published in 1988 where the applied methods and statistical evaluation were described. Evidence was provided that heredity of intelligence is involved in children from a very early age, i.e. 0-3 years. After the age of 4 heredity predominates markedly over environmental influences up to the age of 15 years investigated so far by the author. (A slight decline occurs during the prepubertal period-age 13 and 14 years.) The author found that in particular the following components of intellect are inborn: abstract thinking, logic, talent for mathematics, concentration, inquisitiveness. Very detailed tables are presented for possible comparison with data in the literature and data from adults. The author found that the development of intelligence from childhood to adult age is very irregular. This uneven character is also mostly inborn. Statistical evaluation revealed several basic types of developmental curves and extreme variants. This will, however, be discussed in another paper. The theoretical results can be used also in practice in school education, counselling psychologic and psychiatric out-patient departments.</p>","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19340541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Memories of psychiatric practice in a North American prison].","authors":"G O Krizek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19340544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Detection of cerebropathy in neurologic and psychiatric diseases].","authors":"J Faber,&nbsp;V Vladyka,&nbsp;O Subrt,&nbsp;J Kvasnicka,&nbsp;J Preiss,&nbsp;J Masopust,&nbsp;K Michalová,&nbsp;R Jirák,&nbsp;K Bakos,&nbsp;J Viták","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors made a comprehensive examination of 16 patients--epileptics, alcoholics, psychotic subjects and patients after cerebral contusion. The patients were subjected to a neurological, psychiatric, psychological examination as well as to a morphological examination (X-ray, CT, NMR), physiological examination (EEG, polysomnography, evoked potentials), immunological examination and SPECT. The majority of patients had positive CT and SPECT findings suggesting focal brain damage. These results could be explained only in exceptional cases by injury, the majority was of unknown aetiology. With this corresponded focal EEG abnormalities and in particular sleep disorders, sometimes subjective but always detectable by objective methods. There was always a shortage of REM, sometimes also NONREM sleep. Half the patients were subjected to an immunological examination which was always positive and comprised elevated acute stage proteins and proteins associated with the stress reaction. Numerous data in the literature and the authors' experience indicate that the mentioned pathological findings are not incidental and form, independently on the aetiology, an integrated unit for which the term cerebropathy can be used. A primary role is played by the epileptic focus and its quality, i.e. above all the rate of discharge and site and humoroergic systems of the brain stem, in particular their efficiency and mutual balance. The events have a programmed sequence. At the beginning an epileptic focus develops which influences the surrounding area, secondary and tertiary foci are formed and the thalamo-cortical system is affected. Soon this is followed by an apparent influence of the epileptic activity on structures of the brain-stem. The consequence are changes affecting sleep, mood, mental performance, immunity, endosecretion and paroxysms. Subsequently individual symptoms are already prepared but have a different latency of manifestation and the latter depends also on external provoking influences. The thalamo-cortical reaction is characterized by the manifestation of epileptic paroxysms and sets in after a different interindividual incubation following injury. The same applies to the hippocampal reaction manifested by the organic psychosyndrome. Some symptoms such as changes of immunity, sleep or endosecretory function are not necessarily manifested if the influence of the focus on structures of the brain-stem is not sufficiently intense. Conversely if the effect on the brain-stem and limbic structures is greater and the effect on the thalamo-cortical system smaller, psychotiform behaviour develops. Then there are marked changes of phoria, dynamogeny, rate, affectivity, sleep and hormonal secretion and its equilibrium.</p>","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19340539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effects of group psychotherapy].","authors":"J Beran","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using questionnaires SCL 90 and PFI, the author investigated in 1989-1990 the effect of group psychotherapy provided at the psychotherapeutic department of the psychiatric sanatorium in Kromĕríz. The group comprised 40 men and 60 women with neurotic complaints. The control group was formed by 45 men and 193 women without neurotic complaints. The questionnaire SCL90 recorded positive changes after group psychotherapy in the therapeutic community, in particular in female patients. A catamnestic examination made after one year, using the same questionnaire, suggests that the therapeutic results have a permanent character. Conversely the PFI questionnaire recorded few significant changes. The problem of assessment of the effect of psychotherapy is discussed also on a more general level.</p>","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19340543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A comparative biology and dynamic interpretation of necrophilia].","authors":"G O Krizek,&nbsp;H G Lidinger","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors discuss some aspects of Necrophilia based on classic Freudian instinctive theories. Parallels are seen between different levels of life development on Earth and the basic antagonistic drives (Eros and Thanatos) in an attempt to explain this rare and unusual paraphilia. The authors mention, that in unicellular organisms, e.g. Amebas and Schizomycetae, there often does not exist what could be called \"the death of an individual\", when by splitting two new \"individual organisms\" are created and no death as such occurs. Here the supposed antagonism of these basic drives-Eros and Thanatos-actually does not manitest itself in the concentional sense. Necrophilia could be interpreted as a regressive desire to return into a phylogenetically older stage of life development, where no individual dies, and life continues without interruption. (On the level of these unicellular organisms, we should speak about \"Dividuum\" instead of using the classic term \"Individuum\".) There is some analogy to this regressive desire at a higher level of the biological development in Human society--a magic conviction about the possibility to receive a dead person-common in preliterate cultures. Necrophilia represents an attempt at symbolic unification between antagonistic active and passive drive tendencies and between the Libido and the Destructive instinct.</p>","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19388475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Diagnosis of mixed psychoses].","authors":"M Benes","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The author presents a review of views on so-called \"medium or mixed\" endogenous psychoses, starting with Kraepelin and Bleuler to the present time, the creation of the term \"schizoaffective psychosis (disorder)\" in diagnostic classifications. He draws attention to the still persisting influence of Kraepelin-Bleuler diagnostics, incl. their controversial character as regards the classification of so-called \"mixed psychoses\". Other diagnostic concepts were either completely or are enforced with great difficulties. On the diagnosis of schizoactive psychosis the author demonstrates the changing understanding of its contents and thus also the controversial attitude to the diagnosis in the course of time which was reflected in the development of diagnostic classifications. The paper also comprises the author's study of the frequency of diagnosis of endogenous psychic disorders in the Psychiatric Research Institute (present name Psychiatric Centre Prague) in the course of 29 years. The study indicates that from the sixties the diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder played the role of a buffer between the schizophrenic and manic-depressive area. It helped to solve ranae of the unstable concept of schizophrenia and classification of atypical forms of endogenous psychoses. The study indicates that there exists possibly a closer relation between the schizoaffective disorder and affective disorders than with schizophrenia. In the conclusion the author appreciates the asset of classifications DSM-III and ICD-10 for the definition and differentiation of schizoaffective disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19386643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Bulimia nervosa--therapeutic possibilities with emphasis on cognitive behavioral therapy].","authors":"F D Krch","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The author pays attention to recent trends in the treatment of bulimia nervosa, he discusses problems of therapeutic methods and hospital treatment. Special attention is paid to ambulatory and cognitive behavioural therapy. The author emphasizes its integrating character due to the complexity of the problem of eating disorders. The latter are becoming one of the most serious health and social problems of adolescent women not only in western Europe and the USA but also in this country. The author defines some principles of the cognitive behavioural approach in ambulatory treatment of bulimia which is briefly described in the conclusion of the article. He reminds that it is always essential to take into account the grade of the disorder, the differential character of its psychosocial picture and the patient's needs. This should be matched by the offered therapeutic methods using different possibilities of in- and out-patient treatment. An essential prerequisite of treatment is not only detailed knowledge of the therapeutic method but also of problems associated with impaired food intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19386641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Jaromír Mundi, Doctor of Medicine and Surgery, and his role in the humanization of psychiatry in the last century].","authors":"D Zavadilová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19386640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}