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[Heroin addiction--a new type of drug dependence in Slovakia (personal experience)]. [海洛因成瘾——斯洛伐克的一种新型药物依赖(个人经历)]。
Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie Pub Date : 1994-10-01
E Kolibás, V Novotný, A Rakús, I Skodácek
{"title":"[Heroin addiction--a new type of drug dependence in Slovakia (personal experience)].","authors":"E Kolibás,&nbsp;V Novotný,&nbsp;A Rakús,&nbsp;I Skodácek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors present their initial experience with patients reporting contact with heroin. For the authors this is a new type of dependence. They present a group of 33 patients (only two women), mean age 26 years, hospitalized at two psychiatric clinics in Bratislava. The majority of patients were single, and had only elementary education. Only in 10 patients the diagnosis of fully developed dependence on heroin confirmed, in 12 patients sign of dependence were lacking. The authors draw attention to the discrepancy between subjective data of the patients and objectively assessable signs of dependence. Most frequently heroin was inhaled, only in five patients i.v. administration of the drug was recorded. For treatment available psychopharmaceutical preparations were used (anxiolytics, neuroleptics). Opium administration was not necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18849232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Diagnosis of behavior disorders according to the ICD-10]. [根据ICD-10诊断行为障碍]。
Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie Pub Date : 1994-10-01
E Malá
{"title":"[Diagnosis of behavior disorders according to the ICD-10].","authors":"E Malá","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The author defines the character and symptoms of behavioural disorders in childhood and adolescence. The material is classified according to the concept of continuity and discontinuity of psychiatric symptoms or syndromes and diagnostic entities from childhood to adult age.</p>","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18849231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Homicidal activity directed against parents (forensic-psychiatric aspect)]. [针对父母的杀人活动(法医-精神病学方面)]。
Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie Pub Date : 1994-10-01
E Kolibás, V Novotný
{"title":"[Homicidal activity directed against parents (forensic-psychiatric aspect)].","authors":"E Kolibás,&nbsp;V Novotný","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors present an account of four men where orders were given to examine their mental state because of murderous activity focused on a parent. In three instances murder was involved, in one case attempted murder. Three of the subjects were youths 13-19 year old, one was 61-year-old at time of murder. In three instances the activity occurred in a state of affect, incl. one case of simple affect of anger and mild drunkenness, in another case (except simple affect of fear) a short-out activity, and in the last case a pathic affect with impaired consciousness at the climax. In one case (the 13-year-old boy) the parent was killed during sleep obnubilation. The temporary mental disorder at the time of the crime led in three of the murders to severe impairment of differentiating and control abilities. In another of the men (61 years old) in the impaired control and differentiating abilities in addition to the affect of anger and simple drunkenness--slight impairment of cognitive functions participated. The authors emphasize the exceptional character of aggression in cases of murderous activities focused on parents. They compare their own experience with data in the literature and draw attention to the frequent occurrence of major forensic mental disorders. The diagnosis of mental disorders must respect general diagnostic principles. An important part is played by auxiliary examination methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18849233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Emotional disorders in medieval medicine]. [中世纪医学中的情感障碍]。
Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie Pub Date : 1994-10-01
V Sedivec
{"title":"[Emotional disorders in medieval medicine].","authors":"V Sedivec","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18848510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Comparison of 3 forms of psychosocial rehabilitation in patients with epilepsy]. 癫痫患者3种心理社会康复方式的比较
Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie Pub Date : 1994-08-01
J Preiss
{"title":"[Comparison of 3 forms of psychosocial rehabilitation in patients with epilepsy].","authors":"J Preiss","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The submitted paper is based on experience 1. with enlisting epileptic patients in programmes for neurotic patients during hospitalization (1968 - 1983, a total of 20 patients), 2. an ambulatory psychotherapeutic group for epileptic patients only (period 1983 - 1989, a total of 41 subjects, i.e. 39 patients and two mothers of patients) and 3. a club for epileptic patients (1990 - 1993, a total of 56 subjects, incl. 44 patients and relatives, partners and friends). The majority of patients are not only treated at the neurological department but are also psychiatric patients. The author mentions also excursions made with patients who attend the club and on two arts exhibitions of work made by the patients. He presents also results and discusses positive and negative of these tested forms of psychosocial work. The advantage of the programme for neuroses is the relatively intensive action. The advantage of the ambulatory group is the possibility to discuss in detail specific problems of patients with epilepsy. The club is acceptable for a much wider circle of patients than the other two forms. The author recommends a combination of the described three procedure and the application of the widest possible range of other rehabilitation methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18982878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Nootropic drugs and their action mechanisms in relation to the neuropathobiology of senile dementia. I. Neurotransmission disorders in the brain]. 益智药物及其作用机制与老年性痴呆的神经病理生物学关系。脑内神经传递障碍[j]。
Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie Pub Date : 1994-08-01
O Benesová
{"title":"[Nootropic drugs and their action mechanisms in relation to the neuropathobiology of senile dementia. I. Neurotransmission disorders in the brain].","authors":"O Benesová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The author presents a review of agents which are presently included in the category of nootropic drugs and comments the relations between the pharmaceutical research of new nootropic and progressing knowledge of the neuropathobiology of Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia and degenerative processes of aging brain in general. In Part I., several hypotheses are discussed which explain the biological substrate of senile cognitive decline by disturbed brain synaptic neurotransmission (cholinergic, monoaminergic, petidergic) and, at the same time, drugs are suggested which may exert regulatory action on these dysfunctions.</p>","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18986944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Research in psychotherapy]. [心理治疗研究]。
Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie Pub Date : 1994-08-01
J Vymĕtal
{"title":"[Research in psychotherapy].","authors":"J Vymĕtal","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychotherapy is an empirical discipline and is therefore open to exact investigations which is one of the prerequisites of its further development. The beginnings of exact research are associated with the names of H. J. Eysenck and C. R. Rogers. The contemporary research based frequently on the generic model of psychotherapy whose authors are D. E. Orlinsky and K. J. Howard is concerned in particular with the effectiveness of psychotherapy; it compares the action of different procedures, deals with differentiated indications and \"mechanisms\" inducing changes. The most frequent research strategies are an experimental approach, comparative (correlating) research and intensive research strategy. The most important source of information on research are meta-analyses which make it possible to summarize and compare an unlimited amount of mutually independent investigations. The hitherto most extensive meta-analytic processing of research projects was implemented in the Institute of Psychology of Bern University headed by K. Graw. It was revealed among others that psychotherapy exerts a very differentiated action and that in neurotic patients and patients with personality disorders cognitive behavioural psychotherapy, Rogers psychotherapy and psychoanalytic psychotherapy, cca 100 sessions, proves definitely effective. Close to the criterium of objectively effective psychotherapy is also shape psychotherapy and systematically oriented family therapy. In the Czech Republic research is conducted on a small scale but the work is demanding as regards methods and is of a high standard. Exact research of the psychotherapeutic process and therapeutic results contributes to the gradual shaping of a psychotherapeutic model which is internally differentiated and which integrates verified findings of various psychotherapeutic schools and trends.</p>","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18982879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Prevention of psychogenic disorders of eating]. [饮食心理失调的预防]。
Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie Pub Date : 1994-08-01
F D Krch
{"title":"[Prevention of psychogenic disorders of eating].","authors":"F D Krch","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The author draws attention to the necessity to prevent psychogenic disorders of food intake with regard to their increasing incidence, factors conditioning their genesis and development, the serious character of their sequelae and the chronic character of the disorder. In addition to health educational programmes focused in particular on problems of nutrition, lifestyle, overweight and reasonable ways of its reduction, the author emphasizes also the necessity of early intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18982877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[New therapeutic activity in geriatric psychiatry]. [老年精神病学的新治疗活动]。
Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie Pub Date : 1994-08-01
J Jarkovský
{"title":"[New therapeutic activity in geriatric psychiatry].","authors":"J Jarkovský","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The author mentions and describes in detail three dynamically oriented psychiatric activities which proved useful and became thus an important component of comprehensive treatment of demented patients. Part of the activating programme for patients with advanced affections of memory, orientation and concentrating capacity is Training in orientation and reality (TOR). Relaxation training (TR) helps patients to get rid of the sensation of tension, fear and uncertainty. Cognitive training (KT) helps to restore and improve cognitive functions. By means of the mentioned activities the authors reinforce persisting abilities and skills. In the conclusion the authors present recommendations which make the reader familiar with suitable communication with and treatment of clients suffering from organic brain affections.</p>","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18982880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Depressive states in old age and their therapy--1983-1993 survey]. [老年抑郁症及其治疗——1983-1993年调查]。
Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie Pub Date : 1994-08-01
E Kolibás, D Hunáková, D Kesický
{"title":"[Depressive states in old age and their therapy--1983-1993 survey].","authors":"E Kolibás,&nbsp;D Hunáková,&nbsp;D Kesický","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to results of the census of gerontopsychiatric patients, on June 30, 1993 there were 741 hospitalized patients. In the submitted paper the authors follow up data on 207 patients treated with antidepressants. In 73% endogenous depressions were involved another third of the patients suffered from reactive conditions, organic mental disorders and dependence. Coexistence of organic and affective syndromes was frequently encountered (44.4%); in the majority of the group three nad more somatic diseases were present concurrently. As to antidepressants, even after 10 years tricyclic antidepressants are frequently used; the most frequently used drug was dosulepine. Antidepressants of the second generation are also used (maprotiline, viloxazine), less frequently selective inhibitors of serotonin uptake were administered (SSRI) and reversible monoaminooxidase inhibitors (RIMA). As compared with 1983 in 1993 more rarely Amitriptyline was used and the authors found that the spectrum of antidepressants used was extended and that these drugs were used also in other disorders than depressions.</p>","PeriodicalId":75693,"journal":{"name":"Ceskoslovenska psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18986945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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