{"title":"Changes in cytoplasmic pH are involved in the cell type regulation of Dictyostelium","authors":"Rob J. Aerts","doi":"10.1016/0045-6039(88)90044-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0045-6039(88)90044-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cytoplasmic pH (pH<sub>i</sub>) of populations of developing <em>Dictyostelium discoideum</em> cells was determined by means of two independent pH null-point methods. Both methods reveal in populations containing 75–80% prespore cells a pH<sub>i</sub> value of about 0.2 pH units higher than in populations containing 50% prespore cells. During the process of cell type regulation, decreases and increases in the percentage of prespore cells of about 15–20% are accompanied by decreases and increases in pH<sub>i</sub> of about 0.2 pH units. Abolition of these changes in pH<sub>i</sub> by means of a weak base or acid also prevents the regulation process. It is concluded that changes in pH<sub>i</sub> are involved in the prespore cell type regulation in <em>D. discoideum</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75684,"journal":{"name":"Cell differentiation","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 125-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0045-6039(88)90044-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13600928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elena R. Gaginskaya , Vladimir L. Kasyanov , Galina L. Kogan
{"title":"Amplification of ribosomal genes and formation of extrachromosomal nucleoli in oocytes of starfish Henricia hayashi (Asteroidea: Echinasteridae)","authors":"Elena R. Gaginskaya , Vladimir L. Kasyanov , Galina L. Kogan","doi":"10.1016/0045-6039(88)90036-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0045-6039(88)90036-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>DNA and RNA specific dyes, Ag-NOR staining and in situ hybridization were used for studying the nucleolar apparatus in the growing oocytes of <em>Henricia hayashi</em> (Asteroidea: Echinasteridae). A plasmid containing ribosomal genes of <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> (Kolchinsky et al., 1980) labelled with <sup>3</sup>H by nick-translation served as an rDNA probe. Multiple extrachromosomal nucleoli are formed by the cascade type as a result of growth and subsequent fragmentation of the chromosomal (primary) rDNA body and its derivative extrachromosomal (secondary) rDNA bodies. Ribosomal genes were shown in all nucleolar structures. Argentophilia of the primary and secondary DNA bodies appears to be due to the dense packing of the rDNA-containing material. Ag<sup>(+)</sup> NORs were detected in the extrachromosomal multiple nucleoli and NOR complexes. Amplification of rDNA is a highly probable conclusion from the existing data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75684,"journal":{"name":"Cell differentiation","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 53-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0045-6039(88)90036-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14497192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The expression of melanosomal matrix protein in the transdifferentiation of pigmented epithelial cells into lens cells","authors":"Makoto Mochii, Takashi Takeuchi, Ryuji Kodama, Kiyokazu Agata, Goro Eguchi","doi":"10.1016/0045-6039(88)90045-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0045-6039(88)90045-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A monoclonal antibody (MC/1) was constructed against melanosomes purified from the chicken pigmented epithelial cells (PECs) in order to characterize the differentiative phenotypes of PEC in the process of transdifferentiation into lens cells. Immunofluorescent studies revealed that MC/1 antibody specifically stains both retinal PECs in the eye and melanocytes in the skin, of chicken embryos. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that the antigen molecules are located on the peripheral region of the melanosomal matrix. A single protein band with an apparent molecular weight of 115000 was labelled by MC/1 in Western blotting. The 115 kDa polypeptide identified by MC/1 is considered to be a member of the melanosomal matrix proteins. The maintenance of specificity of pigment cell nature is followed in the system of transdifferentiation of PEC into lens in vitro, utilizing 115 kDa protein as a marker. In the dedifferentiated PECs, this protein was undetectable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75684,"journal":{"name":"Cell differentiation","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 133-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0045-6039(88)90045-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14413955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecular cloning of cell-type-specific cDNAs exhibiting new types of developmental regulation in Dictyostelium discoideum","authors":"Toshinori Ozaki , Miki Hasegawa , Yoshio Hamada , Masao Tasaka , Masaki Iwabuchi , Ikuo Takeuchi","doi":"10.1016/0045-6039(88)90043-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0045-6039(88)90043-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>By screening cDNA libraries from NC-4 cells, we have obtained five prespore-specific and two prestalk-specific cDNA clones. The two classes of prespore genes began to be expressed at the tipped aggregate stage: one class was expressed throughout development, while the other was shut off during culmination. Another class of prespore genes was expressed in vegetative cells but only in prespore cells at the later stages. Prestalk-specific genes were first expressed at the tipped aggregate stage concurrently with the two prespore gene classes, indicating the importance of this stage for transcriptional regulation in both prestalk and prespore differentiation. Except for the first prespore gene class, these represent new cell-type-specific genes as to their temporal pattern of expression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75684,"journal":{"name":"Cell differentiation","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 119-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0045-6039(88)90043-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14497189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Günter Oettling, Heinrich Schmidt, Annamaria Show-Klett, Ulrich Drews
{"title":"Expression of the Ca2+ mobilizing muscarinic system in the chick embryo correlates with morphogenesis","authors":"Günter Oettling, Heinrich Schmidt, Annamaria Show-Klett, Ulrich Drews","doi":"10.1016/0045-6039(88)90039-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0045-6039(88)90039-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We describe muscarinic receptors and intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> mobilization after cholinergic stimulation in cell suspensions prepared from chick embryos between day 2 (stage <span><math><mtext>12</mtext><mtext>13</mtext></math></span> and day 13 (stage 40) of development. Cell suspensions are prepared from whole chick embryos and from embryonic hearts, heads or brains, limb buds, and trunks. Muscarinic receptors are measured using [<sup>3</sup>H]quinuclidinylbenzilate as specific ligand. Intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> mobilization is determined by changes of chlorotetracycline fluorescence. (1) Considerable amounts of muscarinic receptors are found in all parts of the embryo and at all stages tested. (2) The intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> response after stimulation by muscarinic agonist shows a peak at day 3–4 (stage 23). (3) The pharmacological profile of the Ca<sup>2+</sup> response remains constant during embryonic development and differs from the profiles of most adult systems. (4) The ‘embryonic muscarinic system’ is uniformly expressed in cells from neural and non-neural tissues. It appears and disappears independently of innervation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75684,"journal":{"name":"Cell differentiation","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 77-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0045-6039(88)90039-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14496308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeffrey S. Dome, Balraj Mittal, Mark B. Pochapin , Jean M. Sanger, Joseph W. Sanger
{"title":"Incorporation of fluorescently labeled actin and tropomyosin into muscle cells","authors":"Jeffrey S. Dome, Balraj Mittal, Mark B. Pochapin , Jean M. Sanger, Joseph W. Sanger","doi":"10.1016/0045-6039(88)90035-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0045-6039(88)90035-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The two major proteins in the I-bands of skeletal muscle, actin and tropomyosin, were each labeled with fluorescent dyes and microinjected into cultured cardiac myocytes and skeletal muscle myotubes. Actin was incorporated along the entire length of the I-band in both types of muscle cells. In the myotubes, the incorporation was uniform, whereas in cardiac myocytes twice as much actin was incorporated in the Z-bands as in any other area of the I-band. Labeled tropomyosin that had been prepared from skeletal or smooth muscle was incorporated in a doublet in the I-band with an absence of incorporation in the Z-band. Tropomyosin prepared from brain was incorporated in a similar pattern in the I-bands of cardiac myocytes but was not incorporated in myotubes. These results in living muscle cells contrast with the patterns obtained when labeled actin and tropomyosin are added to isolated myofibrils. Labeled tropomyosins do not bind to any region of the isolated myofibrils, and labeled actin binds to A-bands. Thus, only living skeletal and cardiac muscle cells incorporate exogenous actin and tropomyosin in patterns expected from their known myofibrillar localization. These experiments demonstrate that in contrast to the isolated myofibrils, myofibrils in living cells are dynamic structures that are able to exchange actin and tropomyosin molecules for corresponding labeled molecules. The known overlap of actin filaments in cardiac Z-bands but not in skeletal muscle Z-bands accounts for the different patterns of actin incorporation in these cells. The ability of cardiac myocytes and non-muscle cells but not skeletal myotubes to incorporate brain tropomyosin may reflect differences in the relative actin-binding affinities of non-muscle tropomyosin and the respective native tropomyosins. The implications of these results for myofibrillogenesis are presented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75684,"journal":{"name":"Cell differentiation","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 37-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0045-6039(88)90035-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13600929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Induction of the heat-shock response by carbon dioxide in Chironomus thummi","authors":"Domingo Barettino , Gloria Morcillo , José-Luis Díez","doi":"10.1016/0045-6039(88)90034-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0045-6039(88)90034-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effects of a set of stress treatments on gene expression of <em>Chironomus thummi</em> salivary gland cells have been analyzed. Among the treatments assayed, only during recovery from carbon dioxide have we observed a response similar to that previously described after heat-shock treatment: induction of the heat-shock puffs and synthesis of the heat-shock polypeptides. In these conditions, puffing and transcription of telomeric regions were observed, which led to the appearance of the temperature-inducible telomeric Balbiani ring T-BR-III. Other treatments failed to induce the heat-shock response, despite promoting real stress conditions to <em>C. thummi</em> larvae or salivary gland cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75684,"journal":{"name":"Cell differentiation","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 27-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0045-6039(88)90034-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14261203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regulation of gene expression in prediapausing embryos of the silkworm, Bombyx mori: pattern of protein synthesis","authors":"Corinne Dorel, Madeleine Coulon","doi":"10.1016/0045-6039(88)90040-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0045-6039(88)90040-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Specific qualitative and quantitative changes in protein synthesis occur from the fertilization to the onset of diapause in the silkworm. We have used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to analyse the patterns of proteins synthesized in prediapausing eggs of <em>Bombyx</em>. This analysis has been carried out with in vivo labelled polypeptides and with proteins synthesized in vitro by RNA isolated at different stages. The oocyte contains an abundant supply of diverse mRNA which are translatable in vitro. A set of proteins with molecular weight range of 68000 to 74000 and isoelectric points of 5.85–5.95 (hereafter referred to as No. 30) is specific of the germ-anlage stage. Transcripts encoding the No. 30 proteins are not detectable in oocytes, and inhibition of transcription by actinomycin D indicates that No. 30 mRNA are synthesized de novo. Treating eggs at the germ-anlage stage with 4 N HCl at 46°C prevents diapause and is accompanied by overproduction of No. 30 protein. The induction of No. 30 synthesis is also the main event of the heat shock response. The implications of these findings in relation to early embryonic development and prevention of diapause are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75684,"journal":{"name":"Cell differentiation","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 87-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0045-6039(88)90040-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14496309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis of specific proteins for sexual development in Dictyostelium discoideum","authors":"Ryoichi Moriyama, Kaichiro Yanagisawa","doi":"10.1016/0045-6039(88)90046-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0045-6039(88)90046-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of <em>Dictyostelium discoideum</em> may proceed by two pathways, macrocyst or fruiting-body formation, the former being the sexual and the latter the asexual cycle. The pathway of development depends on the presence or absence of zygote giant cells which are produced through fusion of opposite mating-type cells in a population, in heterothallic strains. During the early stages of macrocyst development the patterns of developmentally regulated proteins were noted to differ considerably from those during fruiting-body development. Furthermore, the haploid cells around zygote giant cells synthesized a large number of specific proteins for macrocyst development through the influence of giant cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75684,"journal":{"name":"Cell differentiation","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 143-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0045-6039(88)90046-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14497190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}