Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment最新文献

{"title":"Corn tolerance and weed control with amicarbazone and metribuzin applied preemergence","authors":"Michael R. Dodde,&nbsp;Jason K. Norsworthy,&nbsp;Tom Barber,&nbsp;Ryan S. Henry","doi":"10.1002/agg2.70399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70399","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since the late 1950s, atrazine has been a cornerstone of corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) weed control, but decades of use have raised concerns about groundwater contamination and enhanced biodegradation. Therefore, amicarbazone and metribuzin were evaluated as alternatives to preemergence use of atrazine in corn. Tolerance trials evaluated three rates of amicarbazone (490–980 g ai ha⁻¹), metribuzin (280–560 g ai ha⁻¹), and combinations of the two herbicides. Amicarbazone alone caused ≤12% injury. Injury was similar at lower combination rates but increased to 22% at the highest rate by 5 weeks after planting. Grain yield was reduced only when amicarbazone was applied at 980 g ai ha⁻¹ at one location. A separate study evaluated hybrid sensitivity to amicarbazone + metribuzin; no differences in corn injury, height, canopy coverage, density, or yield occurred under the conditions of this study. Application timing of an amicarbazone + metribuzin premixture was examined. The least injury to corn occurred in plots receiving 14- and 7-day preplant applications, whereas applications applied preemergence and 3 days after planting caused increasing levels of injury. Despite injury, no yield reductions were detected across application timings under the conditions evaluated. Weed control trials indicated that amicarbazone + metribuzin provided comparable control of Palmer amaranth (<i>Amaranthus palmeri</i> S. Watson) and ivyleaf morningglory (<i>Ipomoea hederacea</i> Jacq.) and greater control of several broadleaf and grass species compared to atrazine. With no yield reductions and weed control equal to or greater than atrazine, amicarbazone plus metribuzin shows potential as a preemergence alternative in corn.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.70399","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148467293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic expression of the gene-for-gene interaction in plant pathogenic bacteria: An implication for resistance to bacterial diseases by plants","authors":"Muluken Getahun,&nbsp;Zelalem Bekeko","doi":"10.1002/agg2.70392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70392","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plant pathogenic bacteria cause massive losses in agriculture and damage to natural plant habitats. Bacterial pathogens not only reduce crop production, but they also reduce crop quality by releasing toxins into the environment. Pathogenic bacteria that invade plant tissues must overcome the plant's defense mechanisms. Plants possess an innate immune system that defends against pathogens. Their primary immune system detects microbe-associated molecular patterns of potential pathogens through pattern recognition receptors, initiating a basal defense response. A gene-for-gene relationship occurs when the presence of a gene in one population depends on the continued presence of a gene in another population, and the interaction between these genes results in a single phenotypic expression, allowing the recognition of the relevant gene's presence or absence in either organism. The presence of a resistance (R) gene in plants and an avirulence (Avr) gene in bacteria is often utilized to evaluate plant resistance to bacterial infections. Plants' recognition of bacteria is considered the initial critical event in their response. This recognition can occur through physical interactions, such as adhesions, fimbriae, flagella, and Type III and Type IV secretion systems, or through signaling by small molecules. Secretion is a vital function for prokaryotic organisms to interact with their environment. Bacterial pathogens utilize specialized protein secretion systems that play multiple roles in enhancing virulence. These roles include improving attachment to eukaryotic cells, scavenging resources in environmental niches, and directly intoxicating target cells. Toxins and effector proteins are the key virulence strategies of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, with characterized effectors acting as enzymes to suppress plant immune perception and promote bacterial colonization. Biofilms also shield bacteria from harmful environments, and biofilm formation appears to be a significant factor in the bacterial pathogen disease cycle in plants. Quorum sensing is a method of bacterial communication that controls virulence. This review will focus on plant immune responses to bacterial pathogens, bacterial protein secretion systems, quorum sensing, and biofilms. It will also explore their roles in enhancing the virulence of bacterial pathogens based on gene-for-gene interactions and the implications for plant resistance to bacterial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.70392","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148467051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of simulated drought and cover crop mixtures on subsequent spring wheat yield","authors":"Jonathan J. Halvorson,&nbsp;John R. Hendrickson,&nbsp;David W. Archer,&nbsp;Andrea K. Clemensen,&nbsp;Andrew Carrlson,&nbsp;Holly A. Johnson","doi":"10.1002/agg2.70397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70397","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cover crops (CCs) are promoted as a mechanism for reducing soil erosion, enhancing soil fertility, and improving diversity in agricultural systems, but in drier climates, there are concerns about their impact on soil water availability for the subsequent crop. We conducted two trials to evaluate the impact of CC mixtures on subsequent spring wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L., SpW), irrigated at either 75% or 100% of the long-term average precipitation. In the first year of each trial, plots were seeded with one of two full-season CC mixtures or SpW. The CC treatments included GL, a grass-legume mixture composed of spring triticale (X <i>Triticosecale</i> Wittmack ‘VNS’) and forage pea (<i>Pisium sativum</i> ‘Arvika’ L.), and GGLF, a mixture of two grasses, triticale and white proso millet (<i>Panicum miliaceum</i> L. ‘VNS’), a legume (forage pea), and a forb, forage radish (<i>Raphanus sativus</i> L. ‘Nitro’). In the second year of each trial all plots were seeded to SpW, with half irrigated at the 75% rate and half irrigated at the 100% rate. Previous CCs and irrigation treatments impacted SpW yields only in Trial 1 (2015–2016) but not in Trial 2 (2018–2019). In Trial 1, plots previously planted with a GL produced less grain and residue than the other treatments under 75% irrigation but more grain and residue with the 100% irrigation rate. Yields and residue were not influenced by irrigation treatments in plots previously planted with SpW or GGLF. Despite no treatment effects in Trial 2, SpW produced higher grain yields but less residue than Trial 1. Our experiments suggest that the influence of a previous season's CC on SpW may be overshadowed by management decisions or current growing conditions but also indicate wheat yields are not systematically improved or diminished by a single preceding CC.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.70397","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148467049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance sources to common bacterial blight and angular leaf spot of large speckled common bean genotypes in Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Kabna Asefa,&nbsp;Dagne Abu,&nbsp;Balachow Debelo,&nbsp;Girma Teshome,&nbsp;Lulu Misgana","doi":"10.1002/agg2.70390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70390","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The common bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.) is one of the most important legume crops in Ethiopia due to its versatility and adaptability. The common bean is significantly affected by major diseases, including common bean bacterial blight and angular leaf spot. The present study was conducted, aiming at the identification of source resistance to common bacterial blight and angular leaf spot in the field condition. The experiment field was conducted at Adola, a research site in Southern Ethiopia, during the 2022 and 2024 main cropping seasons. The study was evaluating 76 advanced lines alongside checks over two consecutive years. The data analysis used multiple disease assessment parameters (final percentage of severity index and area under disease progression curve), multivariate analyses (principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and resistance mapping), and agronomic traits evaluation. Analysis of disease variables such as final percentage of severity index, area under disease progression curve, and other agronomic parameters showed that there were highly significant differences among common bean genotypes. Principal component analysis, cluster analysis, resistance map, and correlation of genotypes were well performed and showed significant variation of resistance reaction in genotypes during both years. Multimodal analysis showed that 32 (42.6%) of the common bean genotypes demonstrated moderate resistance and resistance reactions. Among those genotypes, G2, G20, G24, and G120 were shown as having resistant reaction to both angular leaf spot and common bacterial blight. These useful common bean genotypes could be promoted to breeding programs and released after their evaluation by breeders.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.70390","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forage mass, accumulation, and nutritive value of four perennial forages grown in a loblolly pine silvopasture in the Mid-South United States","authors":"Christine C. Nieman,&nbsp;Dirk Philipp,&nbsp;Jonathan O. C. Kubesch","doi":"10.1002/agg2.70393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70393","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Establishing forage in loblolly pine (<i>Pinus taeda</i> L.) plantations has the potential to increase grazing acreage for cattle farms in the Mid-South, but appropriate species selection still requires investigation. The objective was to evaluate forage mass, accumulation, and nutritive value of four perennial forage species, novel-endophyte tall fescue [<i>Lolium arundinaceum</i> (Schreb.) Darbysh.] (TF), orchardgrass (<i>Dactylis glomerata</i> L.) (OG), white clover (<i>Trifolium repens</i> L.) (WC), and alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.) (ALF) cultivated in a loblolly pine silvopasture. Forages were harvested four times per year April (harvest 1 [H1]), May (harvest 2 [H2]), July (harvest 3 [H3]), and October (harvest 4 [H4]), from 202 to 2022. Likely due to waterlogging, ALF did not establish in any plots. In 2020, WC and TF forage mass increased (<i>p </i>&lt; 0.05) by H2 and H3, while OG forage mass did not increase until 2021. Forages mass was greatest for H1 and H2, while limited precipitation reduced forage mass for H3 and H4 of 2021 and 2022 (<i>p </i>&lt; 0.05). Forages WC, TF, and OG produced forage of &gt;15% protein and &lt;50% neutral detergent fiber for H1 and H2 in 2021 and 2022. Forage accumulation differed by species and year (<i>p </i>&lt; 0.05) and ranged from 2522 to 5548 kg dry matter ha⁻¹. After the establishment year, forage mass across species was greatest in spring and early summer, with little to no regrowth after July. Environmental conditions and establishment rates influenced forage mass per harvest within and among years, though forage accumulation for TF, WC, and OG did not differ by year.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.70393","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the effects of reproductive phase thermal stress on physiology and yield-related traits of rice cultivars","authors":"Summiya Faisal,&nbsp;Noor Elahi Jan,&nbsp;Zainab Hussain,&nbsp;Muhammad Shahbaz Farooq,&nbsp;Abdul Shakoor,&nbsp;Umsalama A. H. Ahmed,&nbsp;Muataz Ahmed Abdalla,&nbsp;Badr Alharthi,&nbsp;Sajid Fiaz,&nbsp;Lubna Fareed","doi":"10.1002/agg2.70398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70398","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High temperatures lead to a significant drop in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) productivity worldwide, especially during the reproductive stage. This research was piloted to evaluate 10 promising rice cultivars for their ability to withstand high-temperature stress (HS) during the reproductive phase and to assess the impact on physiology and yield. Rice varieties IR-6 and KSK-133 were used as checks. Seven-day heat shock treatments were imposed by shifting the plant pots in the glasshouse at the 50% flowering stage by maintaining ∼40°C–45°C/30°C day/night temperatures. While most rice lines retained adequate water contents, AYT-3 demonstrated the best heat tolerance due to its cooler canopy temperature. Potassium concentration decreased under heat stress in all genotypes, with the most significant decline occurring in AYT-7, whereas Ca²⁺ ion concentration demonstrated a fluctuating trend under HS. Genotypes AYT-1 and AYT-5 showed maximum production of proline and soluble sugars under stress. Plant height was improved in some lines while suppressed in others under heat stress; however, maximum height was noted in AYT-1. The highest grain weight per plant and dry biomass accumulation was measured in AYT-2. Diversity among genotypes was verified by multivariate analysis, principal component analysis, and a heatmap with hierarchical clustering, which classified genotypes as tolerant, moderately tolerant, and susceptible. Four advanced lines were found tolerant to high temperature, five as medium tolerant, and two genotypes as heat sensitive. These results provide insights into the resilience of rice lines to reproductive phase thermal stress and offer valuable data for breeding to develop more heat-resilient cultivars.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.70398","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tillage does not impact soil greenhouse gas emissions in a Central Texas rainfed maize–cotton system","authors":"Dorothy Menefee,&nbsp;Hal Collins,&nbsp;Doug Smith","doi":"10.1002/agg2.70386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70386","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Agricultural soils are a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, primarily as N₂O. Monitoring how management practices impact soil gas fluxes (CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O) is useful for making sure conservation practices (e.g., no-till) are sustainable with regards to all potential environmental impacts. Static chambers were used to collect soil gases from a rainfed maize–maize–cotton rotation (<i>Zea mays</i> and <i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>) with three tillage treatments (conventional till, strip-till, and no-till) in Temple, TX, at a USDA Long-Term Agroecosystem Research network site. Soil available nitrogen (ammonia and nitrate), soil moisture, and soil temperature were also collected alongside gas measurements. Measurements were conducted over three growing seasons to capture the full rotation cycle in each plot. CH₄ fluxes were small and largely net uptake with some influence of soil temperature and crop selection. Soil CO₂ fluxes were primarily influenced by soil moisture (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) and temperature (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Soil N₂O emissions were primarily correlated with soil moisture (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), temperature (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), and nitrate availability (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Tillage practices had no significant effect on soil GHG fluxes, including N₂O, in this agricultural system.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.70386","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148386061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating cover crops to enhance abaca (Musa textilis Nee) production in Leyte, East-Central Philippines","authors":"J. Moriles-Miller,&nbsp;S. A. Clay,&nbsp;D. E. Clay,&nbsp;R. Armecin","doi":"10.1002/agg2.70391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70391","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Abaca (<i>Musa textilis</i> Nee) is a fiber crop, closely related to banana (<i>Musa</i> sp.). However, it requires 15–18 months from transplanting to first harvest, leaving the soil between plants vulnerable to erosion or weed infestation. Integrating cover crops into abaca plantations may help mitigate these issues. This study aimed to examine the influence of diverse cover crop species on abaca production during its early and late growth phases. Two experiments were conducted to assess the impacts of cover crops on abaca. First, the impact of forage peanut (<i>Arachis pintoi</i>) and koronivia grass (<i>Brachiaria humidicola</i>) on mature abaca plants was investigated. Second, the influence of peanut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i>), mung bean (<i>Vigna radiata</i>), and upland rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>) on young abaca was evaluated. Each experiment included a no-cover crop treatment. In the mature abaca field, forage peanut produced an average biomass of 1093 kg ha⁻¹ with a carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratio of 14:1, whereas koronivia grass yielded 956 kg ha⁻¹ with a C:N ratio of 26:1. Despite these differences, microbial biomass (606 µg C g⁻¹ soil) and soil N were similar among treatments. In the young abaca field, peanut, mung bean, and upland rice produced 1351, 1036, and 743 kg ha ⁻¹, respectively. After 71 days, soil inorganic N (128 mg kg⁻¹) was numerically higher with cover crops than without (108 mg kg⁻¹) with no difference observed on microbial biomass. Overall, cover crops did not hinder abaca growth, indicating their potential to enhance sustainability and soil health in abaca system.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.70391","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148357942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148089052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148049485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}