Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften最新文献_第5页

[Medical ethics and politics - one aspect of the history of medical ethics]. [医学伦理学与政治——医学伦理学历史的一个方面]。

Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1980-11-01

E Fischer-Homberger

{"title":"[Medical ethics and politics - one aspect of the history of medical ethics].","authors":"E Fischer-Homberger","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Medical ethics became a medical topic of its own in the 16th and 17th centuries as a part of what could be called \"public medicine\". They served the interests of University-trained doctors by strenghthening their autonomy and by submitting their rivals to medical control. The patients' interests are considered more or less identical with the doctor's. Towards the 19th century an ideologization of medical ethics is observable which has partly been responsible for the inhumane ethical concepts of certain of the 20th century collectivists as well as for certain inhumanities within individualistic ethics of our times and regions. When these ideologies became problematic the question of the relation between patient's and doctor's interests arose. For this and other reasons medical ethics have been rethought in the 60s of the present century. Increased attention has been paid to the realm of non-standardizable ethical behaviour. Thus \"situation ethics\" were conceived - and, more recently, \"communication ethics\" which arises from social interchange. Where his own interests are concerned, these ethical concepts require the doctor, not to pursue or deny them but simply to be aware of and to discuss them openly. The practical equivalent of communication ethics is the doctor's dialogue with a patient who personally looks after his own interests, as well as ethical commissions and interdisciplinary symposia on medical ethics. Thus medical ethics are again part of a \"public medicine\". This development is congruent with the interests of the medical profession insofar as this profession and its concepts have been severely criticized in the last twenty years - an open discussion of medical ethics might contribute to medicine's equilibrium.","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"36 4-6","pages":"395-410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18055873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[The dignity of the patient]. [病人的尊严]。

Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1980-11-01

P Vogelsanger

引用次数: 0

[The dignity of the patient and medical progress from the Catholic point of view]. [从天主教的观点看病人的尊严和医疗进步]。

Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1980-11-01

A Ziegler

引用次数: 0

[Cellular and vascular aging of the brain]. [大脑细胞和血管老化]。

Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1980-04-01

G Lazorthes

引用次数: 0

[Axonal transport from the nerve ending to the nerve cell body: a pathway for trophic signals and neurotoxins]. [从神经末梢到神经细胞体的轴突运输:营养信号和神经毒素的途径]。

Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1980-04-01

M E Schwab

引用次数: 0

Local cerebral energy metabolism: its relationship to local functional activity and blood flow. 局部脑能量代谢:与局部功能活动和血流的关系。

Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1980-04-01

L Sokoloff

引用次数: 0

Pharmacological effects of some medicaments on the human brain. 某些药物对人脑的药理作用。

Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1980-04-01

J Marshall

引用次数: 0

Regional cerebral blod flow studied by xenon-133. Intra-arterial injection studies and inhalation studies using emission tomography. 氙-133对局部脑血流的研究。动脉内注射研究和吸入研究使用放射断层扫描。

Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1980-04-01

N A Lassen

引用次数: 0

[Pharmacologic modification of the circulation in the brain]. [脑部循环的药理改变]。

Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1980-04-01

W D Heiss

{"title":"[Pharmacologic modification of the circulation in the brain].","authors":"W D Heiss","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Hemispheric and regional cerebral blood flow were measured in 448 patients before and after application of various drugs. Of the tested substances, only a few affected hCBF: ephedrine-xanthines decreased hCBF, and midodrine, proxazole, vincamine, hexobendine, extract of ginkgo biloba, dextran, dextran-sorbitol, carboanhydrase inhibitor, and ouabain incresaed hCBF. In the rCBF maps different reaction patterns of regional flow were observed which were statistically tested by regression analysis. Homogeneous responses were seen as diffuse increases or decreases of rCBF. Heterogeneous responses occurred when perfusion of pathologic and normal areas reacted differently. An increase in rCBF in well-perfused areas with a shunt of blood from poorly supplied areas (intracerebral steal) was observed only with central vasodilators during the first days after an attack. Inverse cerebral steal phenomena with improvement of perfusion in the focus and decrease of flow in the surrounding brain may be elicited by different mechanisms. The effectiveness of drugs on cerebral circulation can be tested by measuring rCBF, but their therapeutic value for the treatment of patients with cerebrovascular disease must be shown in controlled clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"36 1-3","pages":"183-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17174667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Cerebrovascular Doppler ultrasound studies (cv-Doppler)]. 脑血管多普勒超声检查(cv-Doppler)。

Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1980-04-01

H Keller

{"title":"[Cerebrovascular Doppler ultrasound studies (cv-Doppler)].","authors":"H Keller","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"With the cv-Doppler examination, obstructions in the extracranial cerebral arteries can be detected with high reliability. The method can be used - if properly applied - to determine the further diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in cerebrovascular patients. Carotid artery Doppler is based on measurement of blood flow in the teminal branches of the ophthalmic artery and the common carotid atery with and without additional compression manoeuvers of the common carotid artery and branches of the external carotid artery. With direct measurements over the carotid artery, external and internal carotid artery can be differentiated, and stenoses as well as major ulcerated lesions can be localized by pathological flow patterns in the vicinity of these obstructions. In Vertebral-/Subclavian artery Doppler blood flow of the vertebral artery is picked up with the probe placed through the mouth on the locally anesthesized mucous membrane of the oropharynx. By compression of the common carotid artery at the site and opposite to the vessel under examination, the vertebral artery is differentiated from branches of the carotid artery. Blood flow in the central portion of the subclavian artery is picked up by placing the probe in the supraclavicular fossa over the target vessel. - The cv-Doppler examination was used in 3961 patients of whom 570 underwent cerebral angiography. The findings of the noninvasive and invasive method corresponded in more than 94% of the cases.","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"36 1-3","pages":"129-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18436303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0