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Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften最新文献

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[Association of tobacco and alcohol in cancer]. [烟草和酒精与癌症的关系]。
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1979-03-01
A J Tuyns
{"title":"[Association of tobacco and alcohol in cancer].","authors":"A J Tuyns","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heavy drinking and heavy smoking are often associated; the effects of either alcohol and tobacco on human cancer can not be easily disentangled. Appropriate adjustments need to be made to pinpoint the role of either factor. Both smoking and drinking play a role in cancer of the buccal cavity, pharynx and oesophagus; they seem to multiply their effects. Cancer of the larynx is also related to both alcohol and tobacco, but the role of alcohol appears only when exposure to tobacco is also present. While tobacco smoke is known to contain carcinogens, the mechanisms by which alcohol provoke cancer remain obscure; it may act by facilitating the penetration of carcinogens in the mucosa-carcinogens might be present in some alcoholic beverages; a direct action of ethanol can not be excluded. Epidemiological evidence is clear enough, however, to predict a substantial drop of incidence of buccal, pharyngeal, oesophageal and laryngeal cancers if alcohol and tobacco consumption could be reduced.</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"35 1-3","pages":"151-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11659529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Pathobiochemistry of alcoholism]. [酒精中毒的病理生化]。
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1979-03-01
J P von Wartburg
{"title":"[Pathobiochemistry of alcoholism].","authors":"J P von Wartburg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) represents the main enzyme of normal alcohol metabolism. Total activity of this enzyme varies largely due to the occurrence of isoenzymes and of genetic polymorphisms. One genetic variant, called \"atypical\", is characterized by a higher specific activity. In carriers of this variant enzyme an initially faster rate of ethanol metabolism leads to higher blood acetaldehyde levels. Acetaldehyde, as a toxic intermediary metabolite, causes tachycardia, nausea and flushing of the face. A high frequency for \"atypical\" ADH is observed in mongolid races and consequently a hypersensitivity to alcohol is often observed in Orientals. Hence, certain genetically determined enzyme patterns may represent an aversive factor with regard to alcohol consumption. In Caucasians the phenotypes with \"atypical\" ADH are less frequent. However, in individuals with the \"atypical\" variant regular intake of alcohol may lead to an increased organotoxicity due to acetaldehyde.</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"35 1-3","pages":"163-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11661337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Intoxication at the wheel]. [醉酒驾车]。
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1979-03-01
H Hartmann, M H Thelin
{"title":"[Intoxication at the wheel].","authors":"H Hartmann,&nbsp;M H Thelin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A large body of experimental and statistical evidence demonstrates that even mild alcohol intoxication with blood alcohol concentrations above 0,5% is associated with a significantly increase in the susceptibility for an accident. The lowering of the critical concentration limit is indicated from a medical, social-political and economical point of view.</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"35 1-3","pages":"195-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11661340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Smoking and mortality in Swiss physicians: results of an 18-year survey]. [瑞士医生吸烟与死亡率:一项为期18年的调查结果]。
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1979-03-01
O Gsell, T Abelin, E Wieltschnig
{"title":"[Smoking and mortality in Swiss physicians: results of an 18-year survey].","authors":"O Gsell,&nbsp;T Abelin,&nbsp;E Wieltschnig","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A prospective mortality study of tobacco smoking of Swiss physicians is reported over a period of 18 years (1955-1973). The mortality rate increases with the intensity of the daily smoking quantity, going till to the double of non-smokers. This elevation is not seen in late smokers. Contrary to the habits of English doctors, who smoke mostly cigarettes, in Switzerland the death rates of cigars (mostly Stumpen) and pipe smokers are as much elevated as for cigarette smokers. In intensive smokers the mortality reached for all 3 the same rate (2,4-2,6). Under the various causes of death lung cancer was only seen in smokers (92,5% intensive smokers). Heart infarctions death has in smokers the highest rate in the age of 35-54 years, going back till 75 years where the death rate is nearly the same as in non-smokers. The passover in mortality of the intensive smokers in full activity of life is documentated by the statistic of Swiss Doctors. Therefore it is a positive factor that in the last 18 years the number of cigarette-smokers in physicians declined from 37% to 21% and the number of past-smokers has gone up from 17 to 38%, but the number of only cigars and pipesmokers is always the same.</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"35 1-3","pages":"71-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11660318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Smoking as a psychological and social problem]. [吸烟是一个心理和社会问题]。
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1979-03-01
H Schaefer
{"title":"[Smoking as a psychological and social problem].","authors":"H Schaefer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. The ill-effects of smoking on health not only concern the smoker but the entire population living in the same society and sharing the economy. Smoking is associated with a general increase of costs involved with increased morbidity, lowering of the social product and excess mortality. 2. The main prolem in weaning from smoking is related to the origin of smoking which is in large measure unknown. Smoking habits should not be analyzed on an individual basis only. It represents a \"minor addiction\" with the origin within the society. This is the result of an analysis of motives leading to smoking. Social habits, examples, deprivation of senses, dullness, anxiety, stress, and smoking as a symbol of status play a major role. 3. Stress carries a dual risk, it encourages to smoking and it exerts direct effects an organ function. 4. Smoking is enhanced by its somatic effects which activate in turn again smoking. Weaning from smoking does not affect the origin of the addiction thereby remaining symptomatic treatment. 5. There is a constant replacement of old smokers with smokers originating in the young generation. Smoking habits have the tendency to spread out of the smoking population over the non-smokers. A combat against this infiltration can only be successful by creating new values and by producing a new habit of non-smoking.</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"35 1-3","pages":"15-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11329897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Symposium "Tobacco and Alcohol, Medical and Social Problems: introduction]. [专题讨论会"烟草和酒精、医疗和社会问题:导言]。
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1979-03-01
R S Mach
{"title":"[Symposium \"Tobacco and Alcohol, Medical and Social Problems: introduction].","authors":"R S Mach","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"35 1-3","pages":"13-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11259804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Smoking and health: pathogenic and preventive considerations. 吸烟与健康：致病和预防方面的考虑。
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1979-03-01
E L Wynder, D Hoffmann
{"title":"Smoking and health: pathogenic and preventive considerations.","authors":"E L Wynder, D Hoffmann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"35 1-3","pages":"83-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11660319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Early recognition and diagnosis of alcoholism]. [酗酒的早期识别和诊断]。
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1979-03-01
W Feuerlein
{"title":"[Early recognition and diagnosis of alcoholism].","authors":"W Feuerlein","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The starting point is a discussion of the definition of alcoholism in its various aspects: somatic, psychic and social sequelae, loss of control, amount of alcohol consumption. The clinical approach is oriented on target symptoms (\"Leitsymptome\") followed by a search for details of symptoms of alcoholism. Diagnostic tests for alcoholism and their problems are discussed. Examples of these tests are described, especially the Munich Alcoholism-Test (MALT).</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"35 1-3","pages":"173-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11661338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Alcoholism in the young]. [年轻人酗酒]。
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1979-03-01
A Calanca
{"title":"[Alcoholism in the young].","authors":"A Calanca","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ideas on alcoholism have somehow changed during these last years. In the past, ideas were axed mainly on the individual causes of alcoholism; today we are more interested on the sociocultural factors. Statistics prove, on the other hand, that there is a considerable increase of alcoholism by the youth. Young people begin earlier ordinary consumption of alcohol, or take alcohol with drugs, or replace hard drugs by alcohol. It is very urgent to study this new phenomenon, and to think about new structures, in order to take care of the victims of this new pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"35 1-3","pages":"221-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11661343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Future problems of medical genetics]. [医学遗传学的未来问题]。
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1978-11-01
F Vogel
{"title":"[Future problems of medical genetics].","authors":"F Vogel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The following future problems of medical genetics can be identified: 1. Description and analysis of new genetic diseases, especially in developing countries 2. Biochemical analysis, especially of dominant diseases 3. Elucidation of genetic causes for common diseases and their interaction with specific environmental factors (drugs and other chemicals). In the near future it will be possible to provide every newborn with a list of specific advises for prevention of health hazards; this list will be based on the genetic polymorphisms and their impact on health and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"34 4-6","pages":"411-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11929089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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