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Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften最新文献

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[Retrograde axonal transport and neurotransmitter specificity]. [逆行轴突转运和神经递质特异性]。
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1980-04-01
P Streit
{"title":"[Retrograde axonal transport and neurotransmitter specificity].","authors":"P Streit","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hypothesis on transmitter specific, retrograde labeling of neuronal pathways and observations relevant to this hypothesis are discussed. After injection of (3H)-glycine into the pigeon optic tectum fast labeling of intrinsic elements in a restricted part of the subtectal n. isthmi, pars parvocellularis (Ipc), is found - strongly suggesting a rapid retrograde migration of radioactivity in neurons of the glycinergic Ipc-tectal pathway. Labeling of neuronal perikarya in the substantia nigra, in cell groups A8 and A10 and in the n. raphé dorsalis after (3H)-dopamine- and (3H)-serotonin-injection, however in the cortex and in the thalamus after (3H)-D-aspartate-injection into the rat caudoputamen and in the n. raphé dorsalis after (3H)-serotonin-injection but in the caudoputamen after (3H)-GABA-injection into the substantia nigra - all these patterns indicate a retrograde labeling with a certain - partly transmitter specific - selectivity in the pathways concerned. Transmitter related, retrograde transport may become a useful neuro-anatomical method. The cell biology and a possible biological function of the phenomenon remain to be investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"36 1-3","pages":"21-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17224733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Capillary changes in the brain in aging men and their pathophysiological significance]. 老年男性脑毛细血管变化及其病理生理意义
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1980-04-01
W Meier-Ruge, U Schulz
{"title":"[Capillary changes in the brain in aging men and their pathophysiological significance].","authors":"W Meier-Ruge,&nbsp;U Schulz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In autoptic brains of neurologically and psychiatrically healthy patients, aged between 19 and 94 years, structural changes of capillaries and neurons were stereologically investigtaed in different parts of the brain. The results of the putamen reveal a significant increase of the capillary volume and a decrease of the neuronal perikaryon area with age. The cerebral cortex shows only a slight increase of the capillary length, while the nerve cells are significantly smaller. These results lead to the assumption that a decrease of cerebral circulation in old age might be on one hand a symptom of a decreased nerve cell activity but on the other hand the results of changed stereological capillary parameters due to changes of the volume particularly of subcortical brain structures. In animal experiments with functional changes of the brain by hypovolemic oligemia, ischemia and respiratory hypoxia a correlation between electrical brain activity, oxygen consumption, microcirculation and morphometrical capillary parameters could be demonstrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"36 1-3","pages":"161-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18048964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Positron emission computed tomography and cerebrovascular disorders: significance and principles of the technic, first applications in cerebrovascular diseases]. [正电子发射计算机断层扫描与脑血管疾病:该技术的意义和原理，在脑血管疾病中的首次应用]。
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1980-04-01
J P Hungerbühler, F Regli
{"title":"[Positron emission computed tomography and cerebrovascular disorders: significance and principles of the technic, first applications in cerebrovascular diseases].","authors":"J P Hungerbühler,&nbsp;F Regli","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Positron emission computed tomography is a new technic allowing to map the functional state (metabolism and circulation) of a given human organ. By using the coincidence detection of annihilation radiation emitted by positron emitting radionuclides and applying the three-dimensional reconstruction technic to the regional radionuclide distribution in the tissue, it yields an image of the distribution of a previously administered radionuclide in any desired transverse section of the body and allows through already developed mathematical models the precise measurement of local values of metabolism and circulation. This approach appears to be especially promising for the study of the nomal and diseased brain. It circumvents many of the problems of conventional radionuclides and detection systems. Principles, interest and first results of the technic in relation to cerebrovascular problems are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"36 1-3","pages":"117-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18017805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Measures of regional cerebral blood deficit by inhalation of xenon 133: clinical applications]. [吸入氙133测定局部脑血亏:临床应用]。
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1980-04-01
O Juge, G Gauthier
{"title":"[Measures of regional cerebral blood deficit by inhalation of xenon 133: clinical applications].","authors":"O Juge,&nbsp;G Gauthier","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) after 133 xenon inhalation allowed us to compare results obtained during different forms of migraine and during transient ischaemic attacks, as opposed to a group of normal controls. In normal healthy volunteers (N = 65) classified in decades, there is a stepwise reduction in cortical blood flow (F1) with advancing age (r = .97, p < .0001). The reduction in the slow component of blood flow (F2 congruent to white matter flow) is not significant. In common and classical form of migraine (N = 23)F1 is signifcantly increased during the cephalalgic phase and during the two consectuvie days (p < .01). On the contrary, in accompanied migraine (N = 17), F1 is significantly decreased during the first four days (p < .001) and to a lesser extent from the 4th to the 10th day (N = 5; p < .05). In transient ischaemic attacks (T.I.A.; N = 12) F1 is significantly increased until three weeks after the attack (p < .01). The differences in rCBF in accompanied migraine versus T.I.A. appears to help in the differential diagnosis of clinically difficult cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"36 1-3","pages":"101-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18017008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Cerebrovascular disorders in computer tomography]. [脑血管疾病的计算机断层扫描]。
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1980-04-01
U Wiggli
{"title":"[Cerebrovascular disorders in computer tomography].","authors":"U Wiggli","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Review of the aspect, cause, etiology and differential diagnosis of intracranial hematomas and cerebral infarcts. Some of the most important factors which influence CT-manifestation of vascular cerebral diseases are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"36 1-3","pages":"143-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18436304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Symposium: Vascular brain damage, physiopathology and treatment. Zurich, 15 November 1979]. [专题讨论会:血管性脑损伤，生理病理和治疗。]苏黎世，1979年11月15日]。
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1980-04-01
{"title":"[Symposium: Vascular brain damage, physiopathology and treatment. Zurich, 15 November 1979].","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"36 1-3","pages":"53-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18436306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Improvement in brain circulation by microsurgical bypass anastomoses]. 显微外科搭桥吻合改善脑循环。
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1980-04-01
B Zumstein, M G Yasargil
{"title":"[Improvement in brain circulation by microsurgical bypass anastomoses].","authors":"B Zumstein,&nbsp;M G Yasargil","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On the basis of 100 patients operated during the last ten years at the Neurosurgical University Clinic of Zurich the experiences with the extra-intracranial bypass anastomosis for stroke patients are examined. The risks of this surgery are low (morbidity 2%, mortality 3%) and the patency rate is high (94.3%). The main purpose of this intervention is to prevent or minimize further strokes. This risk was decreased from 40% of non operated cases in the literature to 4.2% in this series. Severe neurological deficits are not improved by surgery. The procedure is therefore indicated for mild forms of cerebral ischemia (TIA's and mild strokes), when the disease is caused by an appropriate obstruction of the internal carotid artery and/or middle cerebral artery which are inaccessible to surgery of the neck. For this latter reason preoperative carotid angiography is mandatory. To avoid unnecessary angiography, the carotid Doppler ultrasound test and dynamic brain scanning are valuable, non invasive screening methods for indicating angiography in eah individual case.</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"36 1-3","pages":"209-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18436305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[The release of proteinases from neutrophil leukocytes and macrophages]. [中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞的蛋白酶释放]。
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1979-09-01
M Baggiolini
{"title":"[The release of proteinases from neutrophil leukocytes and macrophages].","authors":"M Baggiolini","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main source of proteinases that degrade tissue components in the course of inflammation are neutrophil leukocytes and macrophages. Both cells contain and/or produce a large variety of acid and neutral hydrolases including representatives of all four classes of tissue proteinases. Neutrophils are short-lived end cells with large enzyme stores (i.e. azurophil and specific granules) which they normally discharge in the course of phagocytosis. Macrophages are long-lived cells with a great potential for functional differentiation. In macrophages, proteinases and other lytic enzymes are released both by phagocytosis and by secretion (the latter particularly in activated macrophages) and replaced continuously by de novo synthesis. The acid and neutral proteinases of neutrophils and macrophages, their subcellular localization, their properties in relation to tissue damage and the mechanisms of their release are described.</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"35 4-6","pages":"283-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11601149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Pathomorphology of human arthroses]. [人类关节的病理形态学]。
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1979-09-01
J R Rüttner
{"title":"[Pathomorphology of human arthroses].","authors":"J R Rüttner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pathologic morphology of osteoarthrosis (arthrosis deformans) is illustrated macroscopically, histologically, and electron microscopically TEM and SEM). The morphologic hallmark of the lesions is the association of destructive and inadequate reparative processes in the articular cartilage and reactive bone growth, often leading to grotesque deformity of the joints with characteristic osteophytosis. The fundamental morphologic alterations involving chondrocytes and matrix are similar in all arthroses, irrespective of their topography.</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"35 4-6","pages":"371-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11738742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Collagenase and prostaglandin in connective tissue destruction: cell-cell and humoral interactions. 结缔组织破坏中的胶原酶和前列腺素:细胞-细胞和体液的相互作用。
Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften Pub Date : 1979-09-01
J M Dayer, S R Goldring, D R Robinson, S M Krane
{"title":"Collagenase and prostaglandin in connective tissue destruction: cell-cell and humoral interactions.","authors":"J M Dayer,&nbsp;S R Goldring,&nbsp;D R Robinson,&nbsp;S M Krane","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Connective tissue destruction is a major characteristic of chornic rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This process is accompanied by local cellular and humoral inflammatory reactions. Long-term cultures of adherent synovial cells (ASC) from patients with RA produce large amounts of collagenase and prostaglandin (PGE2), two substances that play a role in the degradation of joint structures. Lvels of collagenase and PGE2 can be stimulated (up to several hundred-fold) with a soluble factor (MCF) from cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MW approximately 14,000). The monocyte-macrophages alone produce MCF but can be stimulated directly with Fc fragments of immunoglobulin or concanavalin A to increase MCF production. Addition of T lymphocytes in the presence of lectin or antigen significantly enhances the production of MCF. MCF affects other biological processes in synovial cells such as the rate of collagen synthesis, cell proliferation and sensitivity to PGE2 as well as collagen itself can further modulate collagenase release by the synovial cells and function in an amplificative loop. The understanding of these interactions between cells, mediator-effector substances and connective tissue substrates may provide a basis for devising more rational approaches to therapy of the destructive lesions which characterize RA.</p>","PeriodicalId":75639,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","volume":"35 4-6","pages":"329-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11445154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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