Agricultural Research最新文献

{"title":"Prediction of Distribution of Dry Matter and Leaf Area of Faba Bean (Vicia faba) Using Nonlinear Regression Models","authors":"Najibullah Ebrahimi,&nbsp;Ahmad Reza Salihy,&nbsp;Sabqatullah Alipour,&nbsp;Sayed Hamidullah Mozafari,&nbsp;Jawad Aliyar,&nbsp;Ibrahim Darwish","doi":"10.1007/s40003-024-00700-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40003-024-00700-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Growth analysis is a valuable method for quantitatively investigating the growth and development of products. To analyze plant growth during the growing season, access to accurate and regular plant information is needed, which is obtained by measuring leaf surface and dry matter accumulation. The use of nonlinear regression models is expanding due to having parameters with physiological meaning in growth analysis. Of these models, there are beta, logistic, Gomperts, Richards, linear, cut and symmetric linear models. Therefore, this study was conducted on bean plant of the variety “Barakt” under factorial experiment in the form of basic randomized complete block design with four crop densities in four replications under rainfed conditions at the research farm of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in 2014–2015, located in the west of Gorgan, with a latitude of 37° and 45 min north and a longitude of 54° and 30 min east and an altitude of 120 m above sea level. In this study, the nonlinear beta and logistic regression models were fitted to leaf surface data, and beta, Gompertz and logistic models were fitted to bean dry weight. The AICc criterion analysis showed that the beta model had a better fit than the logistic model for leaf area. According to this model under various crop densities, LAI_max was between 2.30 and 5.30 g per square meter, <i>t</i>_m was from 131.90 to 144.20 days after planting, and <i>t</i>_e was between 158.7 and 163.50 days. Also, the analysis of the AICc criterion for dry matter accumulation showed that the beta model was better in fitting the dry matter accumulation than Gomperts and logistic models. According to this model, <i>W</i>_max varied between 1.725 and 1484.3 g per square meter, <i>t</i>_m between 138.30 and 146.40 days after planting, and <i>t</i>_e between 162.60 and 179.0 days in different densities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":"13 2","pages":"381 - 389"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140428810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertilizer Application on Subsequent Storage Potential and Quality of Onion (Allium cepa) Bulb in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia","authors":"Wegayehu Assefa Yebalework,&nbsp;Nigussie Dechassa Robi,&nbsp;Dejene Abera Hora,&nbsp;Edossa Etissa Chala,&nbsp;Yibekal Alemayehu Abebe","doi":"10.1007/s40003-024-00703-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40003-024-00703-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Agronomic practices related to post-harvest losses pose a serious threat to onion cultivation, especially in the area of nutrient management in Ethiopia. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) fertilizer levels on the storage potential and quality of onion bulbs during 2021 and 2022 growing seasons. Two sets of experiments were carried out. The first experiment was used to produce onion bulbs with different levels of N and S fertilizers. The second one was designed on the first experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Total weight loss, weight loss causal factors, and total soluble solids (TSSs) were recorded for different durations. The application rate of nitrogen fertilizer increased during bulb production, resulting in a significant increase in the mean stored bulb weight loss after 30 to 90 days of storage. On the other hand, using S fertilizer during the dry-hot season lowers the post-harvest loss of onion bulbs by approximately 5.89% compared to not applying it. In both seasons of storage, bulb TSS was increased by the combination of S and N fertilizer applications. Overall results revealed that applying 92 kg of N and 20 kg of S per hectare extended storage life, maintained quality, and was economical for storing onion bulbs for up to 60 days following harvest in the study area and similar environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":"13 2","pages":"300 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140428664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meteorological Factor-Based Tomato Early Blight Prediction Using Hyperparameter Tuning of Intelligent Classifiers","authors":"Ayushi Gupta,&nbsp;Anuradha Chug,&nbsp;Amit Prakash Singh","doi":"10.1007/s40003-023-00691-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40003-023-00691-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Early blight is a severe disease which affects several plant species, including tomato plants. Weather parameters such as temperature, leaf wetness, soil moisture, and relative humidity play a vital role in the growth of diseases in plants. The current study analyses the effect of weather parameters on the development of early blight disease in tomato plants by utilizing traditional machine learning techniques. A real-time dataset TomEBD, comprising five weather parameters, has been employed. Three resampling techniques—Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique(SMOTE), K-Means SMOTE(KM-SMOTE) and Support Vector Machine SMOTE(SVM-SMOTE)—have been used to balance the dataset. Five different machine learning classifiers—k-Nearest Neighbor(kNN), Support Vector Machine(SVM), Random Forest(RF), Artificial Neural Network(ANN), and Kernel Extreme Learning Machine(KELM)—have been used to classify a plant as healthy or diseased based on meteorological factors. The five classifiers are used on the imbalanced and three balanced datasets, resulting in 20 models. Hyperparameter tuning of all five classifiers has been done for optimization. The results indicate that out of the 20 models evaluated, the proposed model KELM-KM - KELM classifier on KM-SMOTE balanced data outperforms all others with a mean accuracy of 85.82%. A comparison with the existing studies shows that KELM-KM outperforms the state of the art without involving any complex feature extraction techniques. Therefore, it can be used to alarm the farmers for fungicide spray on diseased plants in conducive environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":"13 2","pages":"232 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40003-023-00691-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140431569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Plant Growth Modulators on Physiological Yield and Quality Traits of Sesame (Sesamum indicum) Cultivars Under Rainfed Conditions","authors":"E. Sonia,&nbsp;P. Ratnakumar,&nbsp;Brij B. Pandey,&nbsp;K. Ramesh,&nbsp;S. Narendra Reddy,&nbsp;V. Hemalatha,&nbsp;A. L. Sravanthi,&nbsp;P. S. John Daniel,&nbsp;Ch. L. N. Manikanta,&nbsp;K. T. Ramya,&nbsp;P. L. Anusha,&nbsp;Y. Praduman,&nbsp;D. Padmaja","doi":"10.1007/s40003-024-00704-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40003-024-00704-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sesame is an important oilseed crop, and the crop yields frequently fluctuate as the crop is largely grown in rainfed and low-fertile lands. Limited water availability negatively affects many physiological processes and the final productivity of sesame. Limited work has been carried out in the past to understand the role of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in modulating sesame growth and development for optimum productivity. A field study was conducted under rainfed conditions to evaluate the response of foliar application of different PGRs such as hormonal-based gibberellic acid (20 ppm); chemical-based thiourea (500 ppm); chemical-constituting structural component-based ortho-silicic acid (380 ppm); and control (water-sprayed) on sesame cultivars: Swetha til, GT-10, TKG-22, and JCSDT-26. The PGRs foliar application was done at the vegetative (25–30 days after sowing), 50% flowering (40–45 days after sowing), and seed development (70–75 days after sowing) stages of the crop. The results revealed that application of different PGRs positively influenced the plant’s growth, physiological, yield and quality traits; however, most effective results were obtained with gibberellic acid (20 ppm), followed by ortho-silicic acid (380 ppm), and thiourea (500 ppm) improved the morphological, yield, and yield-attributing traits. The interaction between PGRs and varieties was found significant and among the sesame cultivars, swetha til followed by JCSDT-29 was found most promising. The application of PGRs has significantly improved the plant height, leaf area, number of branches, capsules, seeds/capsules, seed yield oil content, and fatty acid content compared to the control by gibberellic acid, followed by ortho-silicic acid and thiourea. The interaction between PGRs and varieties was found to be significant, and cultivar Swetha til, a white-colored cultivar performed most superiorly among the different tested cultivars in terms of growth, physiology, yield as well and quality traits when treated with GA3 at 20 ppm. The seed yield was enhanced by 25–26%, 11–12%, and 6–7% with the application of gibberellic acid, ortho-silicic acid, and thiourea, respectively, over control. Considering the findings, it can be concluded that the application of PGRs (thiourea, ortho-silicic acid, and gibberellic acid) significantly enhanced the growth, physiology, yield, and quality of sesame under rainfed conditions; however, GA₃ at 20 ppm was found most effective and may not only enhance the optimum productivity but also effective in improving the quality traits of sesame.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":"13 3","pages":"436 - 449"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140431016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Different Maize (Zea mays)/Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Intercropping Patterns and N Supply on Light Interception, Physiology and Productivity of Cowpea","authors":"Jacques Fils Pierre,&nbsp;Upendra Singh,&nbsp;Luis Latournerie–Moreno,&nbsp;René Garruña,&nbsp;Krista L. Jacobsen,&nbsp;Roberto Rafael Ruiz–Santiago,&nbsp;Aldo Daniel Chan–Arjona,&nbsp;Esaú Ruiz–Sánchez","doi":"10.1007/s40003-024-00699-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40003-024-00699-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of this experiment was to assess the impact of different planting patterns on light availability for cowpea within the intercrop canopy, as well as to evaluate the corresponding effects on cowpea's physiological characteristics and grain yield in maize/cowpea intercropping systems. The experiment utilized a randomized complete block design with four replicates and included six treatments: sole cowpea with 40 kg N ha⁻¹ (T1) and 80 kg N ha⁻¹ (T2), simultaneous sowing of maize and cowpea with 40 kg N ha⁻¹ (T3) and 80 kg N ha⁻¹ (T4) and cowpea sown 3 weeks after maize with 40 kg N ha⁻¹ (T5) and 80 kg N ha⁻¹ (T6). Results showed that sole cowpea had higher light interception and leaf area index than intercropped maize/cowpea, regardless of sowing date and nitrogen supply. The highest photosynthetic rates of cowpea were observed in the intercropping maize/cowpea sown simultaneously with 40 kg N ha⁻¹ and sole cowpea with 80 kg N ha⁻¹. The water use efficiency of cowpea was found to be higher when intercropped with simultaneously sown maize, regardless of nitrogen supply, with values of 3.23 μmol CO₂/mmol H₂O and 3.3 μmol CO₂/mmol H₂O for treatments T3 and T4, respectively. Moreover, the highest cowpea grain yield was observed when maize and cowpea were sown simultaneously with the application of 80 kg N ha⁻¹ (0.99 t ha⁻¹), while the lowest yield was obtained when cowpea was sown 3 weeks after maize (0.37 t ha⁻¹), irrespective of nitrogen supply. Overall, our findings suggest that maize/cowpea intercropping with simultaneous sowing of maize can enhance the grain yield of cowpea in the Yucatan Peninsula.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":"13 2","pages":"204 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140428916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Properties Shape the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Status of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris) and Soil Mycorrhizal Potential in Kabare and Walungu Territories, Eastern DR Congo","authors":"Adrien Byamungu Ndeko,&nbsp;Géant Basimine Chuma,&nbsp;Gloire Musafiri Chokola,&nbsp;Parent Zihalirwa Kulimushi,&nbsp;Gustave Nachigera Mushagalusa","doi":"10.1007/s40003-024-00701-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40003-024-00701-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Common bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.) stands as the main leguminous crop cultivated in South-Kivu Province, DR Congo. However, there is a scarcity of information regarding the soil mycorrhizal potential, natural mycorrhization, and the spore density of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with <i>P. vulgaris</i> in South-Kivu Province. Sample of rhizospheric soil and roots were collected from famer’s field in three localities in two territories namely Kabare and Walungu. The goal was to determine the natural mycorrhization rate of common beans, AM fungi spore density, and the soil mycorrhizal potential in relation with soil chemical properties. Our findings revealed that bean root colonization was notably high in Katana, Kavumu and Miti, while being comparatively low in Lurhala, Walungu centre, and Nduba. Katana and Kavumu exhibited a high number of spores (242.9 ± 37.8 and 183 ± 13.1 spores.100 g⁻¹ soil, respectively) compared to other sites. Soil mycorrhizal potential was higher in Katana, Kavumu, and Miti sites, located in Kabare territory (10.8 ± 0.7, 9 ± 1.3 and 8.8 ± 0.9 AM fungi propagula g⁻¹ soil). The AM fungi potential was positively and significantly correlated with bean mycorrhizal colonization (<i>p</i> &lt; <i>0.0001</i>). As soil phosphorus (<i>P</i>) content increased, mycorrhization frequency and intensity significantly decreased (<i>r</i> = − 0.69, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001 and <i>r</i> = − 0.54, <i>p</i> = 0.002, respectively), along with the soil mycorrhizal potential (<i>r</i> = -0.87, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), regardless the study sites. Conversely, soil pH positively influenced mycorrhizal colonization (<i>r</i> = 0.73, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001 and <i>r</i> = 0.54, <i>p</i> = 0.002, respectively), and the soil mycorrhizal potential (<i>r</i> = 0.78, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). This study underscores a substantial variation in common bean mycorrhizal status and soil mycorrhizal potential across sites. To enhance common bean productivity, it is recommended to consider site-specific identification of AM fungi morphotypes and inoculum production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":"13 2","pages":"287 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140429614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local Agroecological Practices and Chemical Inputs used in Mint Farming Systems, Regions of Fez-Meknes and Casablanca-Settat, Morocco","authors":"Wijdane Rhioui, Jamila Al Figuigui, Rachid Lahlali, Haïtam Lahmamsi, Salah-Eddine Laasli, Asmae Benabderrahmane, Saadia Belmalha","doi":"10.1007/s40003-023-00694-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-023-00694-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139780491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local Agroecological Practices and Chemical Inputs used in Mint Farming Systems, Regions of Fez-Meknes and Casablanca-Settat, Morocco","authors":"Wijdane Rhioui,&nbsp;Jamila Al Figuigui,&nbsp;Rachid Lahlali,&nbsp;Haitam Lahmamsi,&nbsp;Salah-Eddine Laasli,&nbsp;Asmae Benabderrahmane,&nbsp;Saadia Belmalha","doi":"10.1007/s40003-023-00694-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40003-023-00694-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mint crop has been widely used in tea, as a national beverage, and as a medicinal plant for decades. However, there is a lack of data in the literature on several aspects of constraint management in this crop. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted cross-sectional surveys with 264 mint growers, in the Fes-Meknes and Casablanca-Settat region, leaders of mint production to (i) track the status of pesticide and biopesticide use; (ii) gather information on technical management of mint crop; (iii) know the main phytosanitary problems; (iv) control methods of diseases, pests, and weeds, including agroecological practices. Our results indicate that there is a significant difference between the different provinces of the two regions in several aspects such as the diseases and pests encountered and consequently in the phytosanitary products and control methods, due to the pedoclimatic differences between the two regions. The biological control of insects is carried out by using black soap, neem oil, <i>Melia azedarach</i> (L.) extract, and <i>Bacillus thuringiensis.</i> Rotation with legumes (87.1%), and intercropping mint with aromatic and medicinal plants (22.8%), are the agroecological practices most frequently used by farmers. The relationship between farmers’ practices and parameters related to mint yielding, pathogens involved, and pesticide usage was revealed to be strong and complementary. In summary, our work stands out for its focus on specific regions, its innovative agroecological approach, its in-depth analysis of the chemicals used, and its commitment to close collaboration with the farming community. These combined elements make our research an original and significant contribution to the field of sustainable agriculture, both nationally and globally.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":"13 2","pages":"277 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139840208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Social Fairness Perceptions in Farmers’ Continued Participation in Environmental Governance: A China Scenario","authors":"Bo Hou,&nbsp;Yan Xu,&nbsp;Zhiwei Wang,&nbsp;Jing Hou","doi":"10.1007/s40003-023-00688-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40003-023-00688-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ecological and environmental challenges in rural areas of China are increasingly severe, and farmers' continued participation in environmental governance has emerged as a renewed focal point. However, the participation behaviors in environmental governance represent an ongoing life cycle. Therefore, the study of farmers' sustained engagement in environmental participation is crucial for promoting green and low-carbon development and addressing ecological and environmental problems in China. Drawing on data from the China General Social Survey released in 2017, this paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework of “social network—social fairness perceptions—farmers' continued participation in environmental governance.” Additionally, we employ a structural equation model with bootstrap autonomous sampling method to examine the mediating role of social fairness perceptions. The findings demonstrate that social network, procedural fairness perception, and outcome fairness perception all significantly influence farmers' continued participation in environmental governance. Moreover, social fairness perceptions partially mediate the relationship between social network and farmers' continued participation in environmental governance. Furthermore, higher levels of procedural fairness perception and outcome fairness perception correspond to greater degrees of Chinese farmers' continued participation in environmental governance; conversely, stronger social networks are associated with lower levels of Chinese farmers' continued participation in such activities. This paper aims to elucidate the specific role played by social fairness perceptions within Chinese farmers' continued participation in environmental governance and to actively explore the policy implications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":"13 2","pages":"319 - 327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139852324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Social Fairness Perceptions in Farmers’ Continued Participation in Environmental Governance: A China Scenario","authors":"Bo Hou, Yan Xu, Zhiwei Wang, Jing Hou","doi":"10.1007/s40003-023-00688-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-023-00688-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139792326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}