Agricultural Research最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of water-energy productivity and nutritional traits in silage sorghum in arid regions","authors":"Hamidreza Salemi,&nbsp;Masoud Torabi,&nbsp;Mohsen Heidarisoltanabadi,&nbsp;Abolfazl Nasseri","doi":"10.1007/s40003-023-00667-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40003-023-00667-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Deficit irrigation is known as an effective method for alleviation of drought impacts on crop yield. It also saves a large amount of irrigation water without having a negative impact on yield. Considering the relationship between water consumption and the amount of energy consumed, the evaluation of water productivity (WP) and energy productivity (EP) seems essential to develop a suitable method for efficient use of water for agriculture in the arid regions with limited water resources. Therefore, in this study, it was attempted to investigate WP and EP, some nutritional traits and stress indices for silage maize and silage sorghum in a loamy sandy soil using a drip tape irrigation system. For this purpose, a field experiment was performed using a randomized complete block split-plot design with three replications under three irrigation levels of I1: 100% (conventional), I2: 80%, and I3: 60% of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and four cultivars of sorghum and maize were planted as the main and split plots. The irrigation scheduling was done using a reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) calculator (Penman–Monteith equation) and AquaCrop simulation model. The results showed that the amount of irrigation water had a significant effect on fodder and dry yield, WP and EP (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). The values of fresh and dry yields and WP for silage maize were 61.23 tons/ha, 18.91 tons/ha and 10.73 kg/m³, respectively. However, for silage sorghum, with relatively lower water requirements, these values were much higher (103.84 tons/ha, 30.00 tons/ha and 19.82 kg/m³, respectively). The maximum WP and EP for sorghum and maize were obtained in I3 and I1 treatments, respectively. It was also found that the nutritional traits, including dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP), were affected by crop type (sorghum and maize) and deficit irrigation levels. Hence, the maximum DM (31.72%) and CP (9.607%) were observed for Speedfeed sorghum cultivar under I1 irrigation level, the maximum ash (9.86) was reported for Speedfeed sorghum cultivar under I3 irrigation level, the maximum neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (74.47%) was obtained for Maxima maize cultivar under I1 irrigation level, and the maximum acid detergent fiber (ADF) (39.183%) was achieved for Pegah sorghum cultivar under I1 irrigation level. According to the results, it was concluded that it would be wise to replace sorghum with maize in order to achieve higher WP in arid regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135193866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling and Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Rainfed Rice Cultivation in a Sub-humid Subtropical Region","authors":"Aniket Baishya,&nbsp;Ashok Mishra,&nbsp;Sudip Sengupta","doi":"10.1007/s40003-023-00671-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40003-023-00671-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Changing climate is one of the main factors affecting to decline food production because crop growth is sensitive to climatic changes. In this study, DSSAT and APSIM models were calibrated and validated at 15 different locations of the Kangsabati river basin and compared based on three output parameters for three famous variety, viz. Swarna, Lalat, and MTU 1010 to identify which one was the most accurate in reproducing rainfed rice yield in the research location. The results suggest that DSSAT model can simulate rice crop growth and yield better than APSIM model in this region. In terms of rice yield, Swarna, a long-duration rice variety, had a greater RMSE (144.63 kg ha⁻¹) than the short-duration rice variety Lalat and MTU 1010. However, the DSSAT model performed better than the APSIM model in modeling rainfed rice crop growth and yield (<i>r</i>² &gt; 0.86 and greater ME). Bias-corrected RCM (HadGEM3-RA) have been linked to the DSSAT model to analyze yield changes of three popular rice varieties (Swarna, Lalat, and MTU 1010) for future climate scenario (2030s &amp; 2040s). The average decrease in rice yield of Swarna is projected to be around 7% in 2030s and 9% in 2040s, and under RCP 8.5, average decrease in rice yield of Swarna is projected to be 12.8% (2030s) and 15.4% (2040s), which is much higher than production of Lalat and MTU 1010 in both the cases. In conclusion, DSSAT might be a helpful tool for determining the effects of management techniques and climate change on various rice varieties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41402882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Genetic Purity in African Marigold (Tagetes erecta) Hybrids Using Microsatellite Markers","authors":"Chayanika Lahkar,&nbsp;Sushil Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Akhil Ranjan Baruah,&nbsp;Reena P. Borkakati","doi":"10.1007/s40003-023-00669-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40003-023-00669-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The availability of information regarding breeding and molecular aspects of African marigold (<i>Tagetes erecta</i> L.) is rare, and a very few hybrids have been developed for this economically viable crop. A study was conducted using 13 parental genotypes (3 male sterile lines and 10 testers) of African marigold to develop 30 F₁ hybrids, and the true hybrids we evaluated based on phenotypic and marker-based genotypic data. Analysis of variance revealed significant diversity among the parental lines for different growth and flower traits. Fourteen SSR markers were used to test the purity of selected F_1s, out of which two markers (TE57, T93B) showed polymorphism in the parental lines and cross combinations, with 2–5 alleles. The markers, TE57 and T93B revealed polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.345 and 0.543 (mean 0.444), respectively, and detected a heterozygosity mean value of 0.528 in all, indicating the efficacy of microsatellite markers in discriminating the hybrids. The phenotypic data revealed significant difference in means for both quantitative and qualitative traits between the parents and the hybrids, in support of the molecular outcomes pertaining that hybrids detected through microsatellite markers were pure F_1s. The study identified a set of compatible cross combinations that can be used to develop highly heterotic hybrid combinations with different growth and flowering characteristics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48755018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining Ability, Heterosis and Multivariate Analysis for Physiological and Agronomic Traits of Rice Genotypes Under Normal and Water Stress Conditions","authors":"Roshdy Y. El-Agoury,&nbsp;Essam F. El-Hashash,&nbsp;Moamen Mohamed Abou El-Enin,&nbsp;Shimaa Magdy Sakr,&nbsp;Walaa M. Essa,&nbsp;Heba Abdelhamid El Sherbiny,&nbsp;Mahmoud Mohamed Gaballah,&nbsp;Karima M. El-Absy","doi":"10.1007/s40003-023-00670-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40003-023-00670-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The main obstacles to rice cultivation in Egypt and the world are lack of irrigation water and elevated temperatures, because rice production is extremely sensitive to water shortage; there is a need for the evolution of genotypes that are tolerant to drought. To this achieved, 21 F1 hybrids developed from seven parental genotypes using half diallel mating design and assessed under normal and water stress at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt. The grain yield and most traits significantly differ (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) between genotypes and their partition; parents, crosses, and their interaction as well general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA). Water stress significantly reduced grain yield and all traits in parents and hybrids compared to normal conditions. Also, most parents and hybrids significantly favor GCA and SCA effects for grain yield and all traits, respectively. Best mean performances, stress tolerance index (STI) and desirable GCA effects are noticed by SaKha108, Giza179. Based on principal component analysis (PCA), these parents can be used for generating superior rice hybrids under water stress. The hybrid combinations Giza177 × Azucena, Sakha108 × Azucena and Giza179 × Azucena discovered to be good specific combiners for grain yield and majority traits under water stress. For all traits, there were strong correlations among F1 hybrids’ performance, SCA and heterosis estimations. The above genotypes and these traits correlated could be exploited for improving rice grain yield and drought tolerance in future breeding programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49005105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production Performance and Adoption Opinion Toward Wet and Dry Farming of GAP and Non-GAP Farmers in Suburban Bangkok, Thailand","authors":"Suneeporn Suwanmaneepong,&nbsp;Kulachai Kultawanich,&nbsp;Lampan Khurnpoon,&nbsp;Phatchara Eamkijkarn Sabaijai,&nbsp;Chanhathai Kerdsriserm,&nbsp;Harry Jay M. Cavite","doi":"10.1007/s40003-023-00668-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40003-023-00668-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Technology adoption requires technical information to support decision-making and encourage broader acceptance. Recognizing the significance of alternate wetting and drying technology in sustainable agriculture, this study aims to promote the adoption of this technology among both Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) and non-GAP farmers in Suburban, Bangkok, Thailand. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, which gathered information on farmers' cost and return values, as well as their adoption opinions. The collected data were then analyzed using cost and return analysis, as well as stochastic frontier analysis. The results indicate that non-GAP farmers face significantly higher total costs due to increased fixed costs compared to GAP farmers. While there were no significant differences in yield between the two groups, GAP farmers achieved significantly higher total income and net profit due to lower total costs and higher selling prices. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that both groups of rice farmers have the potential to improve their efficiency levels, with non-GAP farmers showing a higher potential for improvement. In terms of adoption opinion, both farmer groups recognize the advantages of wet and dry farming technology over traditional flooded rice farming. This study highlights that the adoption levels of both GAP and non-GAP farmers can be significantly improved through the implementation of best management practices. Overall, the findings emphasize the importance of trustworthy information dissemination to encourage the adoption of wet and dry farming technology, as it enhances farmers' trust in the received information and their engagement with the technology. The study concludes by providing policy implications and recommendations to promote the wider adoption of wet and dry farming technology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45300811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sugarcane Yield and Juice Quality as Affected by Harvest Age and Chemical Ripeners in Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia","authors":"Netsanet Ayele,&nbsp;Tamado Tana,&nbsp;Philippus Daniel Riekert van Heerden,&nbsp;Kebede W/Tsadik,&nbsp;Yibekal Alemayehu","doi":"10.1007/s40003-023-00664-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40003-023-00664-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chemical ripening is a promising technology at Metahara and Kessem sugarcane plantations where conditions are not optimal for natural ripening in the early and late period of sugarcane processing. However, the harvest age at which sucrose yield could be maximized with application of ripeners has not been established. Thus, field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of harvest age and chemical ripeners on yield and juice quality of sugarcane. The experiments were conducted in the late period (June) harvesting at Metahara, and in the early (October) and late period (June) harvesting at Kessem. A split plot design with three replications was used where the main plot treatments were two sugarcane varieties, viz. B52-298 and SP70-1284, and the sub-plot treatment consisted of combinations of four harvest ages (10, 12, 14 and 16 months) and two ripener treatments [Moddus™ at 250 g ai ha⁻¹ + Fusilade Forte™ (M + FF) at 25.6 g ai ha⁻¹ combination sequentially sprayed and unsprayed control]. The results showed significant difference between the varieties for stalk height and stalk weight in early period study at Kessem with variety SP70-1284 being superior as compared to variety B52-298. Furthermore, harvest age and ripener combination significantly affected all yield and quality parameters, while there was a significant cane and sucrose yield response at Kessem at both sites and seasons. The highest cane yield was recorded in the unsprayed 16-month harvest age treatment, while the highest sucrose yield was recorded in the M + FF ripener combination 12-month harvest age treatment in all the studies. The economic analysis showed the highest marginal rate of return and net revenue in the M + FF ripener combination 12-month harvest age treatment and represents the best cane quality management practice for varieties B52-298 and SP70-1284 at these plantations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42863785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the Gap Between Consumer Preferences and the Development of Fragrant Rice Varieties in Malaysia","authors":"Hairazi Rahim,&nbsp;Engku Elini Engku Ariff,&nbsp;Hanisa Hosni","doi":"10.1007/s40003-023-00666-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40003-023-00666-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the years there was a shift in consumer preferences toward specialty rice due to health consciousness and lifestyle. Took initiatives, four types of fragrant rice known as MRQ 50, MRQ 74, MRQ 76 and MRQ 88 then were developed by the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) with different characteristics. For example, MRQ 88 was an aromatic, long and slender shape with non-sticky Basmati features while other varieties were characterized by sticky, soft and aromatic which is similar to the existing fragrant rice in the market. Therefore, the study attempts to explore the specific characteristics of fragrant rice that influence the consumer’s purchasing decision. A face-to-face survey was conducted involving 774 respondents in Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak using a structured questionnaire with selected criteria of respondents. Conditional logit (CL) in Choice Experiment (CE) analysis was then conducted. The results showed the choice of attributes that were significant at a 1% level were softness (moderate and very soft), aromatic, and non-stickiness stated at the moderate level of preference. These factors were identified to influence consumers’ choice of preferences in purchasing fragrant rice. The highest level of softness showed the most important attribute that influenced the willingness to pay followed by the attribute of moderate aroma. However, the attribute of non-stickiness/moderate flakiness shows a relatively low value of willingness to pay. Hence, the development of fragrant rice characteristics should consider the highest level of softness with a moderate level of aroma and non-stickiness as a priority. It will be the main reference of rice attributes for more specific profile characteristics in developing the market potential of specialty rice in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46427034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of high-yielding fennel synthetic cultivars based on polycross progeny performance","authors":"Keivan Bahmani,&nbsp;Azam Akbari,&nbsp;Ali Izadi Darbandi,&nbsp;Ryan M. Warner","doi":"10.1007/s40003-023-00659-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40003-023-00659-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bitter fennel (<i>Foeniculum vulgare</i> var. <i>Vulgare</i>), hereafter just called fennel, is an open-pollinated plant, and controlling pollination can be very difficult. Most fennel growers are reliant on local landraces, as there is no commercial cultivar. Here, we developed five fennel synthetic cultivars with different maturity habits, three with the goal of high essential oil yield, and the other two with the goal of high seed yield in drought. For each of the five synthetic cultivars, elite parents based on General combining ability (GCA) for either essential oil yield or seed yield in drought conditions were selected, and allowed to freely cross-pollinate. After developing the first generation of synthetic cultivars, their performances were evaluated against some of their elite parents under both well-irrigated and drought conditions. Altogether, the five synthetic cultivars had higher essential oil yield and seed yield than their parents in drought stress, although SynEMOY (16.5 l/ha, 848.3 kg/ha) and SynEMSY (20 l/ha, 562.9 kg/ha) were more promising. In well-irrigated conditions, SynMMOY gave the highest essential oil yield (49.94 l/ha) and seed yield (2357.1 kg/ha), and performances of the synthetic cultivars were like their elite parents. Our result here showed synthetic cultivar has the potential to be an efficient, reliable, and sustainable breeding method to develop high-yielding and drought-tolerant fennel cultivars, especially for early and medium maturities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46393502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drought and Socioeconomic Drivers of Crop Diversity in India: A Panel Analysis","authors":"Arup Jana,&nbsp;Aparajita Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.1007/s40003-023-00665-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40003-023-00665-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the trends in crop diversity in context of changing socioeconomic and climatic factors are essential for implementing sustainable agricultural practices. The Shannon Index was adopted to calculate crop diversity across all districts of India from 2001 to 2021. High-resolution Standardized Precipitation Eevapotranspiration Index (SPEI) data was developed using the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation (CHIRPS) and Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model's (GLEAM) data to capture climate variability. A panel regression was employed using ordinary least squares, fixed effects, and random effects models. Crop diversity in India experiences an increase of 2.6% between 2001 and 2021. During the study period, India experienced an increase in the proportion of land dedicated to non-food crops, rising from 19.79% to 22.80%. The area allocated to cereal and millet crops experienced a decline, decreasing from 54.51% to 50.61%. SPEI is a significant factor in diversified agriculture, showing a negative association. Higher urbanization, road density, number of markets, the presence of organic carbon in the soil, improved seeds, fertilizers, and credit facilities for farmers reduce crop diversity. Access to irrigation increases the likelihood of practicing in diversified crop. Increasing education level of farmers positively influences the practice of crop diversity in India. Farmers in droughtprone areas of India often adopted diversified cropping practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41513254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision Agriculture by Integration of Algorithms and Remote Sensing","authors":"G. Bhaskar N. Rao","doi":"10.1007/s40003-023-00658-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40003-023-00658-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This experimental study was conducted to augment farm productivity and possibly reduce the interface of farmers and pesticides. The pilot study explored scalable and sustainable agricultural techniques by an adoption of specific precision agriculture features which can improve the hunger-index of tribal families whose livelihoods are farming of arid lands. The study engineered, executed and evaluated the field experiment and gathered data (time series) associated to two water intensive crops Paddy and Cotton in the Kharif Season over one crop cycle (6 months) spanning 108 square kilometers of hostile and arid tribal land by the deployment of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) powered Unmanned Arial Vehicle (UAV). This calibrated UAV performed automated optical sensing and intelligent planning options apart from data collection which was subjected to 3D spectral analysis and derive functions of Leaf Area Index Curve Fit Models, Logistic and S-Curve functions. The schematics embedded in the UAV were re-designed and iterated to obtain ordinal data that was classified into hyperspectral information by way of a <i>k</i>-means algorithm to function as a text stream cluster based on adaptive feature selection. The study endorsed that Object Based Image Analysis with algorithms of AI asymptotically can derive yields that was previously thought of as impossible. The study also reinforces that conjoining UAV technology and transportation science can address challenges across the commercial spectrum in an analytical and portable pattern by looping the routing and scheduling path (fixed interval repetition) of UAV’s which is of paramount importance and unique to this current study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47902259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}