Agricultural Research最新文献

{"title":"Phenology-Driven Automatic Ground Truth Generation from Farmer-Declared Parcels for Agricultural Crop Classification Using Dynamic Time Warping","authors":"Fatih Fehmi Şimşek","doi":"10.1007/s40003-026-01019-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40003-026-01019-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Under rapidly digitalizing conditions, automation and scalability in agricultural monitoring and crop type mapping are increasingly critical. This study proposes a phenology-driven, automated ground-truth generation pipeline for large agricultural regions with widespread double cropping and rapidly changing phenological dynamics, exemplified by the Harran Plain. To reduce the time and cost burden of field-based manual data collection, the workflow uses farmer-declared parcels from the Turkish Farmer Registration System (FRS) as input and exploits multi-temporal Sentinel-2 observations. Parcel-level Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) time series are subjected to a multi-stage validation procedure to systematically eliminate outlier and anomalous samples. Phenological agreement is first quantified using Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). Spectral–temporal anomalies are then identified via a ridge-regularized Mahalanobis discordance score. Because distance-based thresholding can generate false positives, a safeguard layer jointly evaluates complementary metrics (band_cover, R², and max_run_out) to retain phenologically coherent parcels while removing true anomalies. Following the multi-stage curve-based cleaning, 4,496 of 13,048 parcels (34.46%) were discarded as anomalous, whereas 8,552 parcels (65.54%) were retained for classification. Classification experiments conducted using this clean phenological set achieved an overall accuracy of 93.6%. Performance was strong for single-crop classes (cotton F1 = 97.4; wheat F1 = 92.3). Although performance decreased for double-cropping classes where phenological transitions are less distinct, sowing/harvest schedules are more heterogeneous, and declaration-driven label noise is more pronounced, results remained acceptable (wheat-cotton F1 = 91.8; wheat-maize F1 = 90.3; lentil-cotton F1 = 85.7). Overall, the proposed pipeline enhances inter-class separability by filtering samples that violate phenological integrity and offers an operational alternative to extensive field campaigns at large spatial scales. Rather than discarding declaration data, the framework transforms it into analysis-ready reference information through phenological and spectral–temporal quality control, enabling direct integration into crop type mapping infrastructures while minimizing time and cost requirements and enabling consistent, repeatable labeling across seasons.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"1787 - 1799"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148903559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Elicitors on the Growth Parameters, Essential Oil Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Matricaria chamomilla","authors":"Shagun Thakur,&nbsp;Amisha Rani,&nbsp;Palak Thakur,&nbsp;Yash Pal Sharma,&nbsp;Ashun Chaudhary,&nbsp;Vishav Prakash Rahul,&nbsp;Rohit Sharma,&nbsp;Pankaj Kumar,&nbsp;Bhupender Dutt","doi":"10.1007/s40003-026-01021-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40003-026-01021-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L. is a medicinal and aromatic plant belongs to Asteraceae family, commonly referred as chamomile. It is widely used in both folk and traditional medicine. Due to its different pharmacological activities, its essential oil and dried flowers are commonly used for medicinal purposes. In this current study, the impact of foliar application of salicylic acid (SA), acetyl salicylic acid (ASA), and methyl jasomonate (MJ) was investigated on morpho-physiological features, yield, and chemical composition of chamomile cultivated in Western Himalayan region of India. This factorial experiment comprised of seven treatments: control, SA (0.5 and 1.0 mM), ASA (0.5 and 1.0 mM), and MJ (0.5 and 1.0 mM). Results of above experiments revealed that MJ@1.0 mM concentration is the best in increasing the growth and yield while chlorophyll and carotenoid content were maximum in SA@1.0 mM. In qualitative phytochemical investigation, MJ@1.0 mM had the highest phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant potential. The treatments also have substantial effects on composition of essential oils. The GC-MS analysis revealed the existence of 10 major compounds, the composition of which changes depending on the treatment employed and majorly includes α-Bisabolol, α-Bisabolol oxide B, α-Bisabolone oxide A and Bisabolol oxide A. In conclusion, it was observed that the use of MJ at a concentration of 1.0 mM proves beneficial, promoting better growth performance, higher yield, and a rich phytochemical composition in <i>Matricaria chamomilla</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"1605 - 1615"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148903562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybridized Time Series Modeling with Machine Learning Techniques for Pomegranate Price Fluctuations","authors":"S. Vishnu Shankar,&nbsp;Rajeev Ranjan Kumar,&nbsp;Mrinmoy Ray,&nbsp;V. Lavanya,&nbsp;R. Subash","doi":"10.1007/s40003-026-01003-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40003-026-01003-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate and strategic price forecasting plays a crucial role in enabling stakeholders to make well-informed decisions and effectively navigate the complexities of market uncertainties. Price data is inherently complex, and conventional models often fall short in capturing its intricate patterns and variations. To address these challenges, models that can capture both linear and nonlinear relationships are necessary. Hybrid models have emerged as a robust solution to capture linear and nonlinear patterns in complex datasets, making them particularly effective at addressing the complexities of price prediction. This study highlights the efficiency of hybrid models in price modelling using the price data of pomegranate, which is recognized for its significant nutritional and economic importance in the horticultural sector. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Percentage Error (RMSPE), and Median Absolute Percentage Error (Median APE) used to assess the model performance. The findings reveal that hybrid models, such as ARIMA-SVR in Bangalore, ARIMA-ANN in Chennai and Hyderabad, and ARIMA-RF in the Trivandrum market consistently outperform the benchmark models. These hybrid approaches combine the strengths of conventional and machine learning techniques, providing more reliable and accurate predictions for the distinct data characteristics of each region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"1979 - 1989"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148903263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of cuttings length and propagation method on rooting efficiency of exotic clonal rootstocks of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)","authors":"Sanjana Singh,&nbsp;Gopal Singh,&nbsp;Vishal S. Rana,&nbsp;Diksha Dhiman,&nbsp;Neerja Rana,&nbsp;Ruchi Kumari","doi":"10.1007/s40003-026-01002-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40003-026-01002-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Apple is a fruit crop of global importance, require clonal rootstocks for its large-scale production. The availability of these rootstocks can be increased by successfully reusing the leftover portion of stock after grafting, successfully reusing these for propagation using hardwood cuttings, which is an easy and affordable method. This study emphasizes the significance of propagating novel exotic rootstocks (M9 T337, Bud 9, Bud 10 and Bud 118) of apples via hardwood stem cuttings of varying lengths (10, 12 and 15 inch) to determine rooting potential of these rootstocks in order to boost apple production during 2021-22. The rooting dynamics and development of apple clonal rootstocks were significantly altered by the varying lengths of hardwood cuttings. The results revealed that the combination having 15 inch cuttings length and M9 T337 rootstock was best by showing highest percentage of rooted cuttings (47.55%), total root length (3.38 m), average diameter of main roots (2.93 mm), fresh and dry weight of roots ( 5.96 g and 2.90 g), average length and diameter of main shoots (112.33 cm and 24.32 mm), fresh and dry weight of shoots (48.93 g and 30.36 g, respectively), fresh and dry weight of leaves (0.79 g and 0.59 g), total biomass (55.23 g), total phenol (14.54 mg/g) and C: N ratio (46.78).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"1581 - 1592"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148903602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Productivity and Profitability of Transplanted Rice in Relation to Spring Maize Residue and Fertilizer Nitrogen Management","authors":"Lovedeep Kaur,&nbsp;Jagroop Kaur,&nbsp;S. S. Manhas,&nbsp;Harmeet Singh,&nbsp;Vivek Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s40003-026-01001-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40003-026-01001-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In northwestern India, the mechanical harvesting of maize, particularly spring maize, is posing a challenge to manage its residue in succeeding transplanted rice. Nevertheless, appropriate management of spring maize residues in rice offers an opportunity to improve the soil health. A field experiment was conducted to optimize the spring maize residue management method in transplanted rice and nitrogen dose to rice under spring maize residue incorporation. The treatments were comprised of five spring maize residue management methods (residue incorporation before puddling, chopping + incorporation before puddling, residue incorporation at the time of puddling, residue burning and residue removal) as main plots, whereas subplots consisted of three nitrogen levels (100% of the recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN), 125% of RDN, and 150% of RDN). Growth and yield parameters (leaf area index, effective tillers, panicle length, number of grains/panicle and 1000-grain weight) and yield of rice were not significantly influenced by spring maize residue management. Averaged over the spring maize residue management methods, a higher dose of nitrogen i.e. 150% of RDN helped to enhance the growth, yield and quality of rice significantly as compared with 100% of RDN but statistically at par with 125% of RDN. The interaction effect showed that the yield of rice under spring maize residue incorporation methods increased significantly with an increase in nitrogen dose upto 125% of RDN, with an average increase of 4.65 and 4.51% in grain yield at 125% of RDN under residue incorporation over residue burning and removal, respectively. Improvement in soil parameters (available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and organic carbon content) was observed with residue management treatments over residue burning and removal. Transplanted rice could be cultivated in a profitable and environment-friendly manner under spring maize residue incorporation at the time of puddling with a maximum B: C ratio (4.10) followed by residue incorporation before puddling (3.82) at 125% of RDN.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"1712 - 1719"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148903646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geostatistical and Multivariate Characterization of Micronutrient Deficiency and Heavy Metal Contamination in Semi-Arid Soils of Hisar, Haryana, India","authors":"Ankit Singh,&nbsp;Narender Yadav,&nbsp;Dinesh Tomar,&nbsp;Krisanu Golui,&nbsp;Jyoti Sheoran,&nbsp;Pardeep Phogat,&nbsp;Shekhar Acharya","doi":"10.1007/s40003-026-01000-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40003-026-01000-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the spatial variability of soil properties is fundamental for implementation of precision nutrient management in organic farming systems. The present study was conducted in 2022–2023 at the 56.25 ha organic farm in the Trans-Indo-Gangetic Plains of western India, to characterize and map spatial distribution of soil micronutrients. A total of 89 surface soil samples were collected and analyzed for various physico-chemical properties and micronutrient concentrations, including zinc, manganese, iron, copper, lead, cadmium and nickel. Soils exhibited neutral to alkaline reactions with variable salinity, characterized by moderate to high contents of soil organic carbon, available phosphorus and potassium, but comparatively low nitrogen availability. Micronutrient concentrations were generally adequate, except for zinc, which showed localized deficiencies. Geostatistical analysis, employing semivariogram modelling and ordinary kriging, revealed distinct spatial patterns: Gaussian model provided the best fit for zinc, manganese and lead, whereas exponential model more accurately characterized spatial variability of iron, copper, cadmium and nickel. Nugget values varied from 0 to 6.13 while sill values varied from 0.01 to 35.78. Semivariogram ranges varied markedly from 142.64 to 1521.47 m. Zinc and manganese exhibited moderate spatial dependence, whereas iron, copper, lead, cadmium and nickel exhibited strong spatial dependence. Principal component analysis extracted four principal components explaining 73.49% of total variance, identifying soil organic carbon as the most influential factor governing nutrient availability. Fuzzy c-means clustering delineated three distinct soil management zones exhibiting significant fertility contrasts. Integrated geostatistical and multivariate approach proved effective for guiding site-specific management and promoting sustainable organic farming in semi-arid regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"1926 - 1940"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148903469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of Drought Adaptive Mechanisms of Some Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Genotypes Grown Under Water Deficit Conditions in Burkina Faso","authors":"Yannick Bassolé,&nbsp;Teyioué Benoit Joseph Batieno,&nbsp;Hugues Roméo Bazié,&nbsp;Ossame Bagagnan,&nbsp;Abraham Sotongo Ouedraogo,&nbsp;Boblwendé Gildas Flavien Sawadogo,&nbsp;Kiswendsida Issaka Sam,&nbsp;Saadon Leandre Poda","doi":"10.1007/s40003-025-00924-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40003-025-00924-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cowpea is an essential crop in Burkina Faso’s agriculture, but its production must cope with the consequences of climate change, particularly drought, which significantly reduces yields. The mechanisms of adaptation to drought vary between species and varieties and need to be understood to develop more drought-tolerant varieties. Seven cowpea genotypes were subjected to a 21-day water deficit induced before flowering under a screen house, using plastic pots. A split-plot design with three replications was used. The water regimes included continuous watering and induction of a 21-day water deficit initiated from the 30th day after sowing (DAS). Physiological, morphological, and productivity parameters were measured before and during the water deficit application. The results demonstrated a significant depressive effect of stress conditions on the evaluated parameters. The water deficit reduced average grain weight by 47% and fodder weight by 38%. Tolerant genotypes displayed distinct adaptive strategies, including enhanced root elongation, reduced leaf size and plant height, and lowered leaf water potential, while maintaining high chlorophyll content under drought. Notably, TN88-63, Gorom local, IT98K-111-1, and Bambey 21 exhibited the most effective water management, improving water uptake and limiting water loss through reduced stomatal conductance and smaller transpiring leaf surface. By contrast, KVx441-2 was more sensitive to water deficit. This study provides additional answers by highlighting the specific mechanisms of drought tolerance in different cowpea genotypes. These genotypes could be used in breeding programs with a view to investigating how these adaptation traits can be passed on to offspring.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":"15 2","pages":"1222 - 1235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148299853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive Morphological Responses of Cold Acclimated Wheat Cultivars to Freezing Stress","authors":"Sushan Chowhan","doi":"10.1007/s40003-026-00961-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40003-026-00961-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Freezing stress causes irreversible damage to many plants worldwide. As sessile organisms, plants cannot escape stress and must adapt to survive. In freezing-prone regions, successful crop establishment depends on adequate cold hardiness. Climate projections indicate more frequent freezing events in early autumn and late spring, when plants are least prepared. Wheat, a major cereal crop, is affected by freezing temperature in some regions of the world. It possesses a unique cold acclimation (CA) ability, enhancing its freezing tolerance and survival. Selecting cultivars with strong CA capacity is crucial for enduring prolonged freezing conditions. This study examined the effects of CA on growth, freezing survival, and post-freezing recovery in two winter wheat cultivars (Yumechikara and Norin-61) and one spring cultivar (Haruyokoi). Plants were grown in vermiculite-perlite mix maintaining 20 °C for non-acclimated and 4 °C for CA. For freezing stress, a low-temperature programmable incubator was used. Growth analysis revealed a trade-off between vegetative growth and freezing tolerance, with Yumechikara exhibiting the highest freezing survival (over 90%) but reduced growth (14.28 cm) at CA28 days. In contrast, Haruyokoi and Norin-61 showed vigorous growth (17.85 cm and 17.46 cm respectively) but lower post-freezing recovery. Overall, our findings indicate that winter cultivars achieve greater freezing tolerance than spring cultivars by reducing vegetative growth. This demonstrates an inverse relationship between growth and freezing tolerance in the two cultivar types, clearly highlighting a trade‑off. These outcomes also highlight the importance of selecting wheat cultivars with enhanced freezing tolerance and recovery potential to ensure stable yield and productivity in cold-prone regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"1656 - 1663"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148903286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of genetic relationships between five sheep breeds using microsatellite markers","authors":"Won-Sok Ri,&nbsp;Song-Hyok Kim,&nbsp;Song-Hyok Pak,&nbsp;Sam-Rang Song,&nbsp;Un-Hyang Ho,&nbsp;Song-Hun Jang,&nbsp;Chung-Il Yo","doi":"10.1007/s40003-026-00968-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40003-026-00968-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The first step of breeding program is the study on genetic diversity in breeds and varieties. To develop a program for fast-growing and multiparous new breed, the genetic diversity, differentiation and population structure were analyzed in economically important five sheep (<i>Ovis aries</i>) breeds, reared in the DPR Korea, using 15 microsatellite markers. All breeds exhibited moderate to high levels of genetic diversity and were found to be heterozygous with a range of 0.579–0.692. In addition, the average number of alleles is 5.94–7.89, allele abundance is 5.727–7.611, and inbreeding coefficient is 0.009–0.115. The UPGMA dendrogram divided five sheep populations into two groups at genetic distance 0.27, which was consistent with the classification according to geographical and economic values, and was supported by the results of the STRUCTURE analysis. On the other hand, estimates of Bayesian population using STRUCTURE indicate that five populations are valuable as germplasm and that there is a possibility of breed improvement by cross breeding. The microsatellite markers used in this study will contribute to improved adaptability and increased production of sheep breeds, enabling scientific conservation management and efficient use of sheep genetic resources.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"1902 - 1906"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148903313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iris Image-Based Biometric Recognition of Individual Cattle","authors":"Kandarpa Boruah,&nbsp;Satyendra Nath Mandal,&nbsp;Nilotpal Ghosh","doi":"10.1007/s40003-026-00975-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40003-026-00975-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individual identification of livestock is a key instrument for record keeping, registration, enhancing biosecurity, enabling traceability and performing insurance. In this paper, individual cattle were identified using eye images through iris template matching. The eye images of individual adult crossbred cattle were captured using Nikon (D 5300) model DSLR camera equipped with a macro lens. The images with maximum iris coverage and no glare were selected for template generation. The irises of selected images were segmented and normalized. The normalized segmented images were sent to 1D Log Gabor wavelets for template generation through encoding. All generated templates were stored in template database. One template from the stored templates of each individual cattle was selected as the query template and matched with remaining templates of that individual. The findings revealed with a clear discrimination between individuals, with intra-class matching percentages consistently above 52% and self-matching reached 100% while inter-class matching values remained below 52%.The result obtained in this paper revealed that the individual cattle can be successfully identified using iris. The technology presented in this paper may be used as a tool for iris image based individual cattle identification.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7553,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"1907 - 1915"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148903601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}