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Retrospective chart- review of Tetanus cases admitted in a tertiary care hospital 三级医院破伤风病例回顾性分析
Advances in internal medicine Pub Date : 2020-11-09 DOI: 10.3126/jaim.v9i2.32818
B. Shah, M. Subedi, B. Bartaula, A. Ghimire
{"title":"Retrospective chart- review of Tetanus cases admitted in a tertiary care hospital","authors":"B. Shah, M. Subedi, B. Bartaula, A. Ghimire","doi":"10.3126/jaim.v9i2.32818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v9i2.32818","url":null,"abstract":"Tetanus or lockjaw is a global health problem. Even though tetanus is a vaccine-preventable disease and now becoming rare in developed countries, it is a cause of thousands of deaths and disabilities annually in low to middleincome countries.1 Tetanus is caused by exotoxin of gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, Clostridium tetani, whose spores are ubiquitous in soil, dust, and manure. 2 The spores enter the human body through a skin break, typically an acute wound, such as wood or thorn-pricks, abrasions, punctures, lacerations, heel fissures, or following traffic accidents or surgery. 3-4","PeriodicalId":75443,"journal":{"name":"Advances in internal medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"69-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44233193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Diagnostic Accuracy of Non-invasive Laboratory-Based Fibrosis Scores in Predicting the Presence of Esophageal Varices in Liver Cirrhosis 无创实验室纤维化评分预测肝硬化患者食管静脉曲张的诊断准确性
Advances in internal medicine Pub Date : 2020-11-09 DOI: 10.3126/jaim.v9i2.32814
R. Pandey, R. Pathak, Arun Gnawali, P. Khadga, Sashi Sharma, A. Jha, R. Hamal, D. Koirala, P. Parajuli
{"title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of Non-invasive Laboratory-Based Fibrosis Scores in Predicting the Presence of Esophageal Varices in Liver Cirrhosis","authors":"R. Pandey, R. Pathak, Arun Gnawali, P. Khadga, Sashi Sharma, A. Jha, R. Hamal, D. Koirala, P. Parajuli","doi":"10.3126/jaim.v9i2.32814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v9i2.32814","url":null,"abstract":"Cirrhosis is the end-stage for chronic liver disease and is the leading cause of liver-related death globally.1 Cirrhosis is frequently compensated. The development of complications of portal hypertension and/or liver dysfunction is decompensated cirrhosis. It is defined by the presence of variceal hemorrhage, ascites, encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome, jaundice or hepatocellular carcinoma. The transition from a compensated to a decompensated stage occurs at a rate of 5 to 7% per year.2 Esophageal variceal bleeding is a life-threatening portal hypertension-related complication in liver cirrhosis.3 Esophageal varices are present at diagnosis in approximately 50% of cirrhotic patients and the rate of development of new varices and increase in grades of varices is 8% per year.4 The mortality is 3.4% per year in patients with non-bleeding varices. By comparison, the mortality rises to 57% per year in patients with variceal bleeding. Thus, early diagnosis of varices and primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in high-risk patients with liver cirrhosis is important in improving survival.5","PeriodicalId":75443,"journal":{"name":"Advances in internal medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"54-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42740472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Correlation Between Vitamin D3 and Fasting Blood Sugar in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Normal Individuals in a Bangladeshi Population 孟加拉国人群中2型糖尿病患者和正常人维生素D3与空腹血糖的相关性
Advances in internal medicine Pub Date : 2020-11-09 DOI: 10.3126/jaim.v9i2.32817
Md. Tazul Islam, M. Mozaffor, Md Islam, H. L. Roy
{"title":"Correlation Between Vitamin D3 and Fasting Blood Sugar in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Normal Individuals in a Bangladeshi Population","authors":"Md. Tazul Islam, M. Mozaffor, Md Islam, H. L. Roy","doi":"10.3126/jaim.v9i2.32817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v9i2.32817","url":null,"abstract":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global health problem. In 2013, there were 382 million people with diabetes; this number is estimated to grow to 592 million by 2035. The highest prevalence rates of T2DM are found in developing countries1. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance and relative (or absolute) insulin deficiency2. In recent years, the influence of vitamin D on diabetes becomes a research interest – many studies paid attention to the relationship between vitamin D and insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. Some described that vitamin D is an important nutritional factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus pathogenesis by modulating insulin receptor gene expression and insulin secretion or through reninangiotensin aldosterone system3-6. Other studies claimed that low vitamin D impairs insulin synthesis, secretion resulting in glucose intolerance especially in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)7-10. However, in other studies, any correlations between vitamin D and T2DM were denied11,12. Hence, controversies still prevail on association of vitamin D level Abstract","PeriodicalId":75443,"journal":{"name":"Advances in internal medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"65-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47823873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adaptive immunity against COVID-19 针对COVID-19的适应性免疫
Advances in internal medicine Pub Date : 2020-11-09 DOI: 10.3126/jaim.v9i2.32811
U. Shrestha
{"title":"Adaptive immunity against COVID-19","authors":"U. Shrestha","doi":"10.3126/jaim.v9i2.32811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v9i2.32811","url":null,"abstract":"The elderly patients, males more than females, smokers, and the patients with co-morbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiac disease, chronic kidney disease, obesity, immunocompromised state, liver disease, chronic underlying lung disease and cancer are more vulnerable for the severe COVID-19 disease. Several laboratory markers such as neutrophillymphocyte ratio, D-dimer, procalcitonin, ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and pro-inflammatory interleukins can also help in predicting the severity of the disease.4","PeriodicalId":75443,"journal":{"name":"Advances in internal medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"44-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48296677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clinical Profile and Colonoscopic Findings in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal: a Cross Sectional Study 尼泊尔三级医院溃疡性结肠炎患者的临床概况和结肠镜检查结果:一项横断面研究
Advances in internal medicine Pub Date : 2020-11-09 DOI: 10.3126/jaim.v9i2.32819
S. Bhattarai, R. Acharya
{"title":"Clinical Profile and Colonoscopic Findings in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal: a Cross Sectional Study","authors":"S. Bhattarai, R. Acharya","doi":"10.3126/jaim.v9i2.32819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v9i2.32819","url":null,"abstract":"The diagnosis is usually established through a global assessment of the clinical presentation, radiographic, colonoscopic and histological findings consistent with UC. Colonoscopy is an invasive procedure used for detection and management of various diseases of rectum, colon, and terminal ileum including ulcerative colitis.5 Direct visualization of pathological lesions and its use in taking tissue biopsies with confirmation by histology makes it investigation of choice for colonic pathology. Patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis are at increased risk for the development of intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma of colon.6,7 Abstract Background and aims: Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is an inflammator condition confined to the colon. Ulcerative colitis commonly presents with rectal bleeding, bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain. This research was undertaken to study the clinical profile and colonoscopic findings of the patient presenting with ulcerative colitis in a tertiary care center at Gandaki Province,Nepal .","PeriodicalId":75443,"journal":{"name":"Advances in internal medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"73-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42582034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Challenges faced by dental professionals during COVID-19- A cross sectional survey 牙科专业人员在COVID-19期间面临的挑战-一项横断面调查
Advances in internal medicine Pub Date : 2020-11-09 DOI: 10.3126/jaim.v9i2.32816
Swati Gupta, T. Hrishi, Sumeet Gupta, Sanjana Kumar, Hamideh Javadi, Richa Gupta
{"title":"Challenges faced by dental professionals during COVID-19- A cross sectional survey","authors":"Swati Gupta, T. Hrishi, Sumeet Gupta, Sanjana Kumar, Hamideh Javadi, Richa Gupta","doi":"10.3126/jaim.v9i2.32816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v9i2.32816","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease also called as COVID-19 brought the world to a standstill. COVID-19 is caused by SARS Cov-2, which belongs to the family of coronaviruses commonly involved in infecting birds and mammals. This virus, which originated in Wuhan, China became a major public health challenge for every country on the globe. Based on epidemiologic research, it has been proposed that the disease spreads via respiratory droplets and contact transmission. (1) Patients suffering from COVID-19 can be asymptomatic for a period of at least 14 days. Symptomatic patients often present with most common flu-like symptoms fever and dry cough (4892%), shortness of breath, fatigue and less common symptoms of headache, pharyngitis, productive cough anosmia and gastrointestinal symptoms. (2) Direct transmission through cough, sneeze, droplet inhalation and contact transmission through Abstract","PeriodicalId":75443,"journal":{"name":"Advances in internal medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"60-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/jaim.v9i2.32816","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44217039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The COVID-19 ratio in Pakistan: A Gender Disparity 巴基斯坦新冠肺炎比例：性别差异
Advances in internal medicine Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.3126/jaim.v9i1.29218
A. Waris, Muhammad Ali, A. Khan, Asmat Ali, A. K. Bangash, A. Baset
{"title":"The COVID-19 ratio in Pakistan: A Gender Disparity","authors":"A. Waris, Muhammad Ali, A. Khan, Asmat Ali, A. K. Bangash, A. Baset","doi":"10.3126/jaim.v9i1.29218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v9i1.29218","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 outbreak, which was first experienced in China and rapidly spread in 212 countries/regions of the world including Pakistan It affected both males and females, but the ratio of males is higher than females worldwide According to the Ministry of National Health Services, Regulation and Coordination of Pakistan, the female ratio is much lower than male in Pakistan (3 6% vs 6 7%) The study mainly focused on the main reasons and possibilities that COVID-19 affected men more than women worldwide, especially in Pakistan The biological, social, professional, religious, and cultural aspects make a gender disparity in the COVID-19 ratio in Pakistan","PeriodicalId":75443,"journal":{"name":"Advances in internal medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"44-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43550047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ultrasound guided central venous cannulation in ICU: Retrospective analysis of a single center experience 超声引导下ICU中心静脉置管:单中心经验的回顾性分析
Advances in internal medicine Pub Date : 2020-05-28 DOI: 10.3126/jaim.v9i1.29166
G. Shrestha, M. Shrestha, B. Shrestha
{"title":"Ultrasound guided central venous cannulation in ICU: Retrospective analysis of a single center experience","authors":"G. Shrestha, M. Shrestha, B. Shrestha","doi":"10.3126/jaim.v9i1.29166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v9i1.29166","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Central venous cannulation is a common procedure in intensive care unit (ICU). The common indications are for administration of vasopressors and inotropes, volume resuscitation, renal replacement therapy, total parenteral nutrition, etc. Cannulation might be performed under elective or emergency circumstances, depending on the indication.1 Ultrasound guidance for central venous cannulation has been increasingly used in clinical practice Abstract","PeriodicalId":75443,"journal":{"name":"Advances in internal medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"34-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42152794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage – Is it an unusual or unlooked presentation of Fat Embolism Syndrome? A Case report and review of literature 弥漫性肺泡出血-这是脂肪栓塞综合征的一种不寻常或不显眼的表现吗?病例报告及文献回顾
Advances in internal medicine Pub Date : 2020-05-28 DOI: 10.3126/jaim.v9i1.29170
D. Maskey
{"title":"Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage – Is it an unusual or unlooked presentation of Fat Embolism Syndrome? A Case report and review of literature","authors":"D. Maskey","doi":"10.3126/jaim.v9i1.29170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v9i1.29170","url":null,"abstract":"Fat embolism occurs when fat globules from the bone marrow enter the circulation mostly after orthopaedic trauma causing fractures of long bones, pelvis or vertebra. It also occurs following surgical fixation such as intramedullary nailing, instrumented spine surgery or vertebroplasty.1 Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a constellation of clinical symptoms characterized by a triad of respiratory insufficiency, altered sensorium and petechiae. Not all patient with fat embolism develops FES. FES generally occurs within 24 hours of onset of trauma or post-surgery.1 The incidence of FES after trauma varies from 0.25% to 35%.1 The diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and excluding other possible conditions. Beside histopathology, none of the investigations such as fat macroglobinuria in urine or lipid laden macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is 100% specific. Thus, various clinical criteria are available to improve the early diagnosis of FES but none are sensitive or specific. The most widely used clinical criteria is that of Gurd and Wilson which is more specific but less sensitive.2 At times FES can present with atypical presentation such as intra alveolar haemorrhage as in the case described below and only high index of suspicion can help in making diagnosis. Case Report:","PeriodicalId":75443,"journal":{"name":"Advances in internal medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"40-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/jaim.v9i1.29170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46669772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Addressing the Challenges in dental practice during Covid-19: A review 应对2019冠状病毒病期间牙科实践中的挑战:综述
Advances in internal medicine Pub Date : 2020-05-28 DOI: 10.3126/jaim.v9i1.29161
Sumeet Gupta, Swati Gupta, Rohan Jagtap
{"title":"Addressing the Challenges in dental practice during Covid-19: A review","authors":"Sumeet Gupta, Swati Gupta, Rohan Jagtap","doi":"10.3126/jaim.v9i1.29161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v9i1.29161","url":null,"abstract":"Covid-19 was declared as global pandemic by WHO World is not unknown to the family of coronaviruses due to previous epidemic caused by SARS and MERS Healthcare professions have from time to time change their ways of practicing because of the direct threat posed by such infections, capable of causing human to human transmission This article, based on our experience and guidelines issued by CDC as well as IDA, intends to provide a review of recommended protocols for dental professionals","PeriodicalId":75443,"journal":{"name":"Advances in internal medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"17-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/jaim.v9i1.29161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47623003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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