Adaptive immunity against COVID-19

Abstract

The elderly patients, males more than females, smokers, and the patients with co-morbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiac disease, chronic kidney disease, obesity, immunocompromised state, liver disease, chronic underlying lung disease and cancer are more vulnerable for the severe COVID-19 disease. Several laboratory markers such as neutrophillymphocyte ratio, D-dimer, procalcitonin, ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and pro-inflammatory interleukins can also help in predicting the severity of the disease.4