{"title":"IgA and IgG antibodies against surface antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sputum and serum from patients with cystic fibrosis.","authors":"P O Schiøtz, N Høiby, H Permin, A Wiik","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eleven cystic fibrosis (CF) patients chronically infected in the lungs with mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa and presenting multiple precipitins in serum against this bacterium (CF + P) and 10 CF patients without P. aeruginosa infection (CF-P) had their serum and sputum sol phase specimens examined for antibodies of the IgA and IgG classes against surface antigens of P. aeruginosa by means of an indirect immunofluorescence technique. Both the IgA and IgG antibody titres demonstrated in serum and sputum of the CF + P patients were significantly higher than in those of the CF-P patients (p less than 0.01). The titre of IgA antibodies in the sputum was higher than in serum in 3 cases indicating local pulmonary production of specific IgA antibodies. The role of the demonstrated antibodies in the local pulmonary immune defense mechanisms and the possible patogenesis of the pulmonary tissue damage in CF patients is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":75411,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section C, Immunology","volume":"87C 3","pages":"229-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11333731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Complement activation by pneumococci associated with acute otitis media.","authors":"K Prellner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pneumococci (types, I, III, VI, XIV, XVIII, XIX and XXIII) associated with acute otitis media were shown to activate complement in normal human serum by the classical as well as by the alternative pathway. In serum incubated with pneumococci classical pathway activation was demonstrated by decreased C4 values and the appearance of C1r-C1s-C1 IA complexes. Pneumococci caused C3 conversion in C2-deficient serum and in serum chelated with Mg++ EGTA showing activation of the alternative pathway without participation of the C42 convertase. Complement activation was more efficient when both pathways were intact. This was evident from a more pronounced C3 conversion and a greater reduction of the values for properdin and factor B in non-chelated serum as compared to Mg++ EGTA chelated serum.</p>","PeriodicalId":75411,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section C, Immunology","volume":"87C 3","pages":"213-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11261822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S A Birkeland, B Teisner, W Schilling, E Kemp, G T Pedersen, S E Svehag
{"title":"Effect of pregnancy zone protein on leucocyte migration inhibition, lymphoycte transformation and rosette formation by lymphocytes.","authors":"S A Birkeland, B Teisner, W Schilling, E Kemp, G T Pedersen, S E Svehag","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pregnancy zone protein from pregnancy serum and control preparations from male serum were tested in lymphocyte transformation tests, in a system for rosette formation by T and B lymphocytes and in leucocyte migration inhibition tests using PPD-induced inhibition. PZ-protein preparations caused a dose dependent inhibition of lymphocyte transformation after stimulation with PHA, PPD and MLC. Inhibition was most pronounced in the PHA-system. In the rosette tests there was a tendency for T lymphocytes to bind fewer SRBC after incubation with PZ-protein while no effect on B rosettes was observed. In contrast, PPD-induced inhibition of leucocyte migration was abrogated effectively by PZ-protein, but not by corresponding fractions from male serum.</p>","PeriodicalId":75411,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section C, Immunology","volume":"87C 3","pages":"235-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11309872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Human macrophage differentiation in vivo and in vitro. A comparison of human peritoneal macrophages and monocytes.","authors":"J Hammerstrøm","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human mononuclear phagocytes isolated from venous blood or sterile peritoneal exudate were cultured in an in vitro system known to induce differentiation of monocytes to macrophages. Morphological and functional studies were performed at different stages of in vitro differentiation, in order to compare the two macrophage populations. Freshly-isolated human peritoneal macrophages (PEC), which are presumed to represent monocytes which have differentiated in vivo in the peritoneal exudate for 1--2 days, showed several signs of increased effector cell function, as compared to the relatively immature blood monocytes. Cell adherence after phagocytosis, ability to degrade ingested 125I-labelled Candida albicans, and ability to suppress DNA-synthesis in a target cell line of human origin, were all found to be greater in the peritoneal cells in early culture. During in vitro differentiation in this system, both PEC and monocytes developed remarkable morphological and functional changes. Cell size and granule content increased considerably. Cell function, measured as phagocytic, digestive and cytostatic ability, increased for both macrophage populations. The differences between the two cell populations in early culture suggest that the functional and morphological changes induced by in vivo differentiation in peritoneal exudate involve changes of the same kind as those induced by in vitro differentiation in our system. The lodging of mononuclear phagocytes in sterile peritoneal exudate does not seem to impair the capacity for further differentiation to any great extent.</p>","PeriodicalId":75411,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section C, Immunology","volume":"87C 2","pages":"113-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11583837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cytotoxicity to tumour cells induced in human monocytes cultured in vitro in the presence of different sera.","authors":"G Unsgaard","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rodent macrophages can be stimulated in vivo and in vitro to become cytotoxic to neoplastic cells. It is shown in the present paper that cytotoxicity to a human tumour cell line is induced in human monocytes cultured in vitro in the presence of human serum. The cytotoxic ability is defined as including cytostatic ability, measured as inhibition of 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation in tumour cells, and cytocidal ability, measured as release of radioactivity from 3H-TdR-labelled tumour cells. Monocytes cultured in medium containing 25 per cent human serum (HS-M) developed both a cytostatic and a cytocidal ability. When tumour cells were separated from these monocytes by a membrane, allowing factor-mediated interactions, a cytostatic effect was found, thus indicating that secretion of soluble factor(s) may be an important mechanism. The development of cytotoxic ability in the monocytes was accompanied by development of high capacity for phagocytosis of 125I-labelled Candida albicans, increased protein synthesis in the monocytes and microscopically observed alteration into large, well-spread monocytes with accumulation of phase-dense granules in the perinuclear region. Culture of monocytes in the presence of bovine sera induced less cytotoxic and phagocytic ability, as well as a smaller increase in protein synthesis and less morphological alterations, as compared to culture in HS-M.</p>","PeriodicalId":75411,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section C, Immunology","volume":"87C 2","pages":"141-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11646921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Uptake of non-opsonized E. coli by unstimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages.","authors":"H Rollag","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A method is described for the study of phagocytosis of 32P-labelled, non-opsonized, viable E. coli by mouse peritoneal macrophages. Factors influencing the uptake, such as medium, number of bacteria and time of phagocytosis, were standardized. The kinetics of the uptake were studied by visual counting of bacteria and by measuring the distribution of radioactive labelling. The uptake of 32P by the macrophages is well correlated to the number of bacteria phagocytized. The amount of phagocytosis depends on the bacterial density of the medium and the time of phagocytosis. When the medium contains more than 10(9) bacteria per ml, the maximum phagocytic capacity is reached after 90 minutes.</p>","PeriodicalId":75411,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section C, Immunology","volume":"87C 2","pages":"99-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11582734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In vitro effect of R 17934, a new drug with antitubulin activity, on neutrophil granulocyte locomotion and orientation.","authors":"N H Valerius","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>R 17934 is a new synthetic antimicrotubule drug, which binds to tubulin at the same site as does colchicine. The interaction of this drug with human neutrophil granulocyte locomotion and orientation was examined, using a modified reversible Boyden chamber and a gradient chamber offering a direct visual assay of cell orientation. R 17934 at concentrations as low as 5 x 10(-6) M was found to inhibit chemokinesis to an equal degree in gradient chambers, and in Boyden chambers using checkerboard experiments, in which the absolute concentrations and the concentration gradients of the chemotactic agent were varied. At higher concentrations (10(-5) M) R 17934 also inhibited chemotaxis in Boyden chambers. Much lower concentrations of R 17934 (10(-7) M) were found to affect the ability of neutrophils to orient in gradient chambers. This finding may show that filters form a more suitable substrate for oriented pseudopod formation of microtubule-deficient cells than do glass or plastic slides. In conclusion this study has provided evidence that in the absence of functioning microtubules neutrophils can still orient and migrate directionally towards the source of a concentration gradient, but that they do so less precisely. The finding that R 17934 inhibited chemokinesis suggests that this drug may interfere with the mechanism translating a recognition signal into locomotion. The previous finding that colchicine also had this effect supports the hypothesis that this process may be microtubule-dependent.</p>","PeriodicalId":75411,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section C, Immunology","volume":"87C 2","pages":"83-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11646922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lymphocyte blast transformation response of seropositive and seronegative subjects to herpes simplex, rubella, mumps and measles virus antigens.","authors":"J Ilonen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lymphocytes from seronegative and seropositive subjects were stimulated in vitro with herpes simplex, rubella, mumps and measles viral antigens. Viral antigens were beta-propiolactone inactivated crude material (containing cell-membrane fragments) grown in Vero cells and prepared identically. Lymphocytes from seropositive subjects responded specifically to herpes virus antigen, and most rubella and mumps seropositive subjects responded to the respective antigens. Measles antigen, however, did not stimulate lymphocytes from seropositive or seronegative subjects. The responses of three subjects studied repeatedly over a period of several weeks were reproducible. The results of the study support the usefulness of the blast transformation test as a measure of sensitization to viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":75411,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section C, Immunology","volume":"87C 2","pages":"151-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11436248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Purification and characterization of rabbit anti-mouse renin specific Fab fragments.","authors":"S Lykkegård","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibodies, raised against pure renin from the submaxillary gland of mice, were used to obtain renin specific Fab fragments. The purification steps were DEAE-chromatography, followed by papain digestion with separation of the undigested IgG preparation from the Fab/Fc fragments on a Sephadex G-100 column. Finally the Fab fragments were subjected to affinity chromatography on a CH-Sepharose 4B column with submaxillary renin attached. The purified Fab fragments revealed only a single band in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a single precipitation line in cross immunoelectrophoresis. The association constants for the reaction of renin with the purified Fab fragments compared to the divalent antibodies were of the same magnitude, 0.7 x 10(11) l/mol and 1.0 x 10(11) l/mol, respectively. Comparison of the affinity of the Fab fragments for the antigenic determinants and the enzymatic inhibition of renin were determined to be approximately the same. Thus, the pure specific immunoreactive Fab fragment of antirenin, with an inhibitor constant of 1.5 x 10(-11), is the most potent inhibitor of mouse renin, so far.</p>","PeriodicalId":75411,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section C, Immunology","volume":"87C 2","pages":"91-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11646923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cytological events in allo-stimulated lymphocytes triggered by exposure to stimulatory alloantigens. I. Changes in cell size, the mitochondrial areal density, and numerical density of the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus.","authors":"P B Poulsen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75411,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section C, Immunology","volume":"87C 2","pages":"131-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11526617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}