Research on Chemical Intermediates最新文献

{"title":"The applications of transition metal nanocatalysis in heterocycles synthesis","authors":"Reshma Yadav,&nbsp;Pradeep Patil,&nbsp;Prasad Swami,&nbsp;Ajay Patil,&nbsp;Lalit Bhosale,&nbsp;Mayur Bharmal,&nbsp;Sandeep Sankpal,&nbsp;Shankar Hangirgekar","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06091-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06091-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The magic of nano-based materials as catalysts has emerged as a valuable alternative in organic transformations. Recent innovations in nanocatalysis enable chemists to prepare various functionalized nanocatalysts containing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), zeolites, graphene oxides, and different mixed metal oxides. These catalysts enhance or influence the outcome of chemical reactions compared to conventional catalytic systems. This review highlights recent advancements in nano-based catalysts and summarizes their catalytic potential in the synthesis of pharmaceutically active heterocyclic scaffolds. Furthermore, the role of supported ionic liquid nanocatalysts under environmentally benign reaction conditions is also emphasized. Lastly, the author’s perspectives are briefly discussed, including future developments in the field of nanocatalysis for eco-friendly organic transformations.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 10","pages":"6711 - 6752"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148986337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced photo-fenton degradation of Rhodamine B by Ce-doped NH2-MIL-101(Fe,Ce): the joint effect of singlet oxygen and free radical species","authors":"Ren-Jiang Lv,&nbsp;Hang Chen,&nbsp;Shi-Jie Chen,&nbsp;Ning Liu,&nbsp;Li-Ping Jing,&nbsp;Ming-Hui Song","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06103-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06103-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The promoting effect of bimetallic sites in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) provides a promising yet underexplored approach for improving photo-Fenton catalytic efficiency. Herein, a series of cerium-doped NH₂-MIL-101(Fe,Ce) catalysts were synthesized via a facile solvothermal method. By adjusting the cerium doping ratio, the optimal NH₂-MIL-101(Fe,Ce10%) exhibits outstanding catalytic performance for potassium monopersulfate triple salt (PMS) activation under visible-light irradiation, achieving 99.7% degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) within 90 min. Notably, its corresponding pseudo-first-order kinetic rate constant (0.06312 min⁻¹) is 4.26 times higher than that of pristine NH₂-MIL-101(Fe). Multiple characterizations (XRD, FT-IR, XPS, SEM, BET) and photoelectrochemical analysis (UV–vis DRS, PL, TPR, EIS) demonstrate that cerium doping introduces structural defects and establishes dual redox cycles (Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ and Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺), which slightly widens the band gap, but accelerates interfacial charge transfer, and promotes the activation of PMS. Free radical capture experiment and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy unambiguously confirm that singlet oxygen (¹O₂), sulfate radicals (SO₄^·−), and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) function as equally important and cooperative reactive species, collectively driving the degradation process. The catalyst presents favorable stability over five consecutive cycles and exhibits strong tolerance to common coexisting anions. This work elucidates the origin of enhanced photo-Fenton activity in bimetallic Fe–Ce MOFs and provides a strategy for the rational design of high-efficiency catalysts for water treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 10","pages":"7123 - 7151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148986416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycyrrhiza glabra-mediated green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles: Antioxidant activity and catalytic application in 1,2,3-triazole synthesis","authors":"Sheyda Malekmohammadi,&nbsp;Jalal Albadi,&nbsp;Behnaz Karimi,&nbsp;Maryam Banitalebi","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06101-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06101-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO nanoparticles) were synthesized using an aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized CuO/Gly nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM–EDS, BET, and TGA analyses. The CuO/Gly nanoparticles exhibited a mesoporous structure, spherical morphology, and good thermal stability. The CuO/Gly nanoparticles were applied as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of substituted 1,2,3-triazoles under mild and environmentally benign conditions. The catalytic system demonstrated high efficiency, operational simplicity, low cost, and good recyclability. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the CuO/Gly nanoparticles was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The nanoparticles exhibited moderate free-radical- scavenging activity, indicating potential applications beyond catalysis. Overall, this study presents a sustainable and cost-effective strategy for the synthesis of biologically relevant triazole derivatives using a green nanocatalyst.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 10","pages":"6801 - 6822"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148986533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecularly imprinted methylene dianiline polymer/n-TiO2-P25 hybrid for selective visible-light photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol","authors":"Leila M. Abdi,&nbsp;Ali Amoozadeh","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06097-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06097-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents the design and fabrication of a molecularly imprinted polymer–semiconductor hybrid photocatalyst, utilizing self-cross-linked 4,4^′-methylenedianiline (MDA) integrated with n-TiO₂-P25 nanoparticles, for visible-light-driven oxidation of benzyl alcohol. Both molecularly imprinted (MIPPMDA/n-TiO₂-P25) and non-imprinted (NIPPMDA/n-TiO₂-P25) composites were synthesized and systematically characterized using FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, BET, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and photoluminescence (PL) analyses. These analyses confirmed the formation of hybrid structures with favorable optical and surface properties. DRS and PL results suggest that incorporation of 4,4^′-methylenedianiline (PMDA) into the n-TiO₂-P25 system extends the visible-light response and may reduce charge-carrier recombination. Furthermore, molecular imprinting introduced preferential recognition sites, which may enhance the adsorption affinity and photocatalytic selectivity toward benzyl alcohol compared with the non-imprinted counterpart. Under blue LED irradiation and natural sunlight, the MIP composite demonstrated superior photocatalytic performance for benzyl alcohol oxidation, achieving up to 91% conversion within 15 min under blue LED irradiation. The improved performance may be associated with the combined effects of preferential molecular recognition and favorable charge-transfer behavior within the polymer–n-TiO₂-P25 hybrid system. Overall, these findings underscore molecular imprinting as a promising approach for developing visible-light-responsive and selective polymer–inorganic hybrid photocatalysts for targeted organic oxidation reactions.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 10","pages":"7231 - 7252"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148985337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fe3O4@Lignin-IL-SO3H: a magnetically recoverable Brønsted acid nanocatalyst for the multicomponent synthesis of indeno-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives","authors":"Fatemeh Jamal Abadi,&nbsp;Azar Jahanbakhshi,&nbsp;Mahnaz Farahi","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06090-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06090-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, lignin, as a green and readily available phytochemical, was used to coat Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, followed by the immobilization of a Brønsted acidic ionic liquid onto the resulting surface to form Fe₃O₄@Lignin-IL-SO₃H. The synthesized magnetic nanocatalyst was identified and investigated by different analyses such as XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, VSM, TEM, EDX, and TGA techniques. Fe₃O₄@Lignin-IL-SO₃H was employed as a highly efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of indeno-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-<i>a</i>]pyrimidine derivatives, a valuable class of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, via a three-component reaction of aldehydes, indan-1,3-dione, and 3-amino-1<i>H</i>-1,2,4-triazole under mild reaction conditions. The optimal reaction conditions were achieved using 0.008 g of catalyst under solvent-free conditions at 50 °C, affording the desired products in 80–96% yields within short reaction times. The heterogeneous catalyst was easily separated from the reaction mixture using an external magnet and was subsequently reused for six consecutive cycles without a significant decrease in its activity, efficiency, and stability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 10","pages":"6687 - 6709"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148985324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substituent-dependent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution over functionalized MIL-101(Cr) metal–organic framework","authors":"Xusheng Wang,&nbsp;Xiaohan Fu,&nbsp;Linkun Fan,&nbsp;Muhammad Tayyab,&nbsp;Mazhar Khan","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06096-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06096-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Functional group engineering is an effective strategy for regulating the electronic structure and photocatalytic activity of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). In this study, MIL-101(Cr) and three functionalized derivatives, MIL-101(Cr)-NH₂, MIL-101(Cr)-NO₂, and MIL-101(Cr)-Br, were synthesized to investigate the effect of functional group substitution on photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Among the synthesized materials, MIL-101(Cr)-NH₂ exhibited the highest photocatalytic hydrogen production, achieving 630.57 μmol g⁻¹ after 5 h under visible-light irradiation, and maintained its activity over four consecutive photocatalytic cycles. Comprehensive structural, photophysical, and electrochemical characterizations were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and photocurrent response measurements. The results revealed that the introduction of amino functional groups significantly enhanced the light-harvesting capability of MIL-101(Cr), extended its visible-light absorption range, promoted the separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers, and effectively suppressed electron–hole recombination. Furthermore, MIL-101(Cr)-NH₂ exhibited the largest specific surface area and excellent thermal stability, which further contributed to its superior photocatalytic performance. This work provides valuable insights into the rational design and development of high-performance MOF-based photocatalysts for hydrogen production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 10","pages":"7199 - 7214"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148986821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pd@BCN nanostructures catalyzed chemoselective synthesis of benzimidazoles via one-pot reductive cyclization of o-nitroanilines with aldehydes","authors":"Kothanahally S. Sharath Kumar,&nbsp;D. K. Yashaswini,&nbsp;Sohilkhan Chauhan,&nbsp;Sahana Raju,&nbsp;K. P. Rakesh,&nbsp;Saleh Maodaa,&nbsp;K. Pramoda,&nbsp;Nabil Al-Zaqri","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06093-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06093-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present study, a rapid one-pot synthetic protocol has been developed for the preparation of benzimidazole derivatives through BCN-supported palladium nanoparticle (Pd@BCN)-catalyzed reductive cyclization of <i>o</i>-nitroanilines with aromatic aldehydes. The developed methodology exhibited excellent functional group tolerance toward electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, halogenated, heteroaromatic, and fluorinated aldehydes, producing the corresponding benzimidazole derivatives in good yields. The present catalytic system offers several advantages including short reaction time, low catalyst loading, recyclability, operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions, and excellent yields. In further, control experiments revealed the synergistic role of the BCN support and palladium nanoparticles in enhancing the catalytic activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 10","pages":"6783 - 6799"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148987101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles using Saussurea obvallata leaf extract and their catalytic application in chromene synthesis","authors":"Akash R. Bhosale,&nbsp;Nilesh T. Pandit,&nbsp;Avdhut D. Kadam,&nbsp;Pramod.V. Chavan","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06092-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06092-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Green synthesis of α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles was successfully accomplished using <i>Saussurea obvallata</i> leaf extract through a sustainable plant-mediated approach. The synthesized nanoparticles were comprehensively characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, XPS, TEM, BET, UV–visible spectroscopy, TGA–DTA, DLS, and zeta potential analysis, revealing the predominant formation of crystalline rhombohedral α-Fe₂O₃ with a specific surface area of 29.42 m² g⁻¹ and an average crystallite size of 13.63 nm. The biosynthesized α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles exhibited excellent catalytic performance as a recyclable heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the multicomponent synthesis of chromene derivatives, affording product yields of up to 98% within 20 min at room temperature using 20 mg of catalyst in ethanol. The catalyst retained high activity over five consecutive reaction cycles, demonstrating excellent recyclability. Furthermore, post-reaction XRD analysis indicated that the characteristic crystalline structure of α-Fe₂O₃ remained largely unchanged after repeated use, confirming its structural stability under the applied reaction conditions. These findings demonstrate that plant-mediated α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles provide an efficient, environmentally benign, and sustainable catalytic system for the rapid synthesis of chromene derivatives.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 10","pages":"6753 - 6782"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148987100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural diversity of bidentate and tridentate pyrazole ligands: implications for catalysis and biological activity","authors":"Afaf El Idrissi,&nbsp;Zakariae Abbaoui,&nbsp;Hüseyin Karci,&nbsp;Muhammed Dündar,&nbsp;Ahmet Koç,&nbsp;İsmail Özdemir,&nbsp;Boufelja Bouammali,&nbsp;Rachid Touzani,&nbsp;Hany M. Abd El-Lateef,&nbsp;Mai M. Khalaf,&nbsp;Antar A. Abdelahmid,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Elhenawy","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06098-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06098-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two novel pyrazole-based ligands, namely 4-chloro-N-((3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)aniline (<b>L1</b>, bidentate) and 4-chloro-N,N-bis((3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)aniline (<b>L2</b>, tridentate), were synthesized via a Mannich-type condensation of 1-(hydroxymethyl)− 3,5-dimethylpyrazole with 4-chloroaniline in acetonitrile, yielding 97% and 90%, respectively. Ten transition metal complexes (<b>AE1–AE10</b>) were prepared by reacting these ligands with Cu(II), Co(II), and Fe(III) salts, and were characterized by elemental analysis (CHN), FT-IR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, and thermogravimetric analysis. The combined analytical data support proposed coordination geometries: distorted tetrahedral for Cu(II) and Fe(III) chloride complexes, and octahedral for Co(II) complexes, with the tridentate L2 ligand occupying three coordination sites. The catalytic performance of the complexes was evaluated in the oxidation of 2,6-dimethylphenol using H2O2 as oxidant in methanol/water (4:1, v/v) at 25 °C. Under pseudo-first-order conditions, the Cu(II) and Fe(III) complexes exhibited the highest activity, with AE7 [Cu(L1)Cl₂] and AE10 [Fe(L₂)(NO₃)₂(NO₃)]. Kinetic parameters were determined from triplicate experiments. A solvent effect study confirmed methanol/water as the optimal medium, while DMSO showed inhibitory effects due to competitive coordination. All compounds were screened for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, with MIC values ranging from 6.25 to 50 µg/mL. Anticancer activity was evaluated by MTT assay against MCF-7, A549, and HepG2 cell lines, with AE7 showing the highest potency (IC₅₀ = 12.4 ± 0.8 µM against MCF-7). DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G(d)/LANL2DZ level revealed that the HOMO–LUMO gap correlates with both catalytic efficiency (R² = 0.81) and biological activity (R² = 0.76). Molecular docking against estrogen receptor alpha (ERα, PDB: 3ERT) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, PDB: 3W2S) supported the experimental bioactivity trends. ADME predictions indicated favorable drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties for the most active complexes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 10","pages":"6963 - 6991"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148987122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbonyl-enriched host–guest covalent organic framework as a stable organic electrode","authors":"Wang Jingshan,&nbsp;Zhao Wenlong,&nbsp;An Yunzhu,&nbsp;Liu Xingjie,&nbsp;Yan Xiaopeng,&nbsp;Ding Rixian,&nbsp;Ma Min,&nbsp;Zahra RamezaniNejad","doi":"10.1007/s11164-026-06087-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11164-026-06087-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One of the biggest challenges in the next generation of organic batteries is the rational design of the stable electrode materials. In this work, a post-synthetic carbonyl-enrichment method using pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) was employed to increase the density of redox-active carbonyl functional groups while preserving the crystalline β-ketoenamine framework in a covalent organic framework (COF). The resulting carbonyl-enriched host–guest COF is porous and chemically stable, while the nanoconfined carbonyl functional groups are effectively immobilized within the nanoporous framework and, therefore, suppress the dissolution of organic redox units during electrochemical reactions. The formation of the modified COF is verified by detailed structural characterization, and the reversible redox behavior of the carbonyl groups, which provides a capacity of 330 mAh/g with 80% capacity retention after 300 cycles, is demonstrated through electrochemical studies. It shows that post-synthetic carbonyl enrichment combined with host–guest nanoconfinement into a covalent framework architecture can be one of the ways to create the promising balance of capacity, stability, and structural robustness of the next-generation energy storage systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"52 10","pages":"7019 - 7043"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148987120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}