AMB Express最新文献

{"title":"Fungal L-Asparaginase from environmental isolates with antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities.","authors":"Basma A Khalifa, Zeinab S Hashem, Mohamed Hisham, Emad H Khedr, Shimaa M Abdelhameed","doi":"10.1186/s13568-026-02025-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-026-02025-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fourteen fungal species were isolated from sewage water and soil, of which ten strains showed positive extracellular L-asparaginase production by plate assay. Among them, Aspergillus nidulans AUMC17371, A. flavus AUMC17373, A. flavus AUMC17374, and A. terreus AUMC17372 exhibited the highest enzyme activities (1.35, 1.25, 0.97, and 0.79 U/mL, respectively). Optimization of culture conditions revealed that maximum production was achieved using fructose as carbon source, asparagine as nitrogen source, pH 6, and 30 °C. SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed enzyme production, with protein bands ranging from 35 to 45 kDa. Antimicrobial screening revealed strong activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria; however, only limited antifungal effectiveness against Candida albicans was exhibited. MIC results showed that L-asparaginase from A. nidulans AUMC17371 showed the strongest antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, followed by A. flavus AUMC17373 against S. aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiofilm assays indicated inhibition ranging from 22 to 69%, with A. flavus AUMC17373 showing the most potent effect. Cytotoxicity testing revealed that A. flavus AUMC17374 enzyme exhibited anticancer activity against MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 184 and 450 µg/mL, respectively. Computational analysis supported these findings, with molecular docking demonstrating stable binding of L-asparagine to A. nidulans AUMC17371 L-asparaginase (- 4.67 kcal/mol), and molecular dynamics indicating a structurally stable enzyme-substrate complex. Collectively, these results suggest that fungal L-asparaginase may serve as a promising candidate with antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxic activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13066084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147484500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial and metabolic profiles in autism spectrum disorder with atopic dermatitis in children.","authors":"Xia Dong, Ting Zhang, Bin Tang, Qianwei Zeng, Zihan Hu, Ping Huang, Xia Xiong, Xiaohuan Wang, Wei Dong, Yansen Cai","doi":"10.1186/s13568-026-02037-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-026-02037-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atopic dermatitis (AD), an inflammatory skin disease, exhibits increased incidence with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children. However, the mechanism underlying the ASD-AD comorbidity remains unclear. Here, we integrated the metagenomic and metabolomics analysis to characterize the compositions and functional profiles of gut microbiome in ASD children with AD. We found significant alteration in the composition of the intestinal microbial species between ASD-AD group and ASD group based on beta diversity analysis. LEfSe analysis showed tyzzerella_nexilis, eubacterium_sp_OM08_24 and clostridium_nexile_CAG348 were significantly increased in ASD children with AD. In addition, metabolite profiles showed that differentially expressed metabolites were mainly lipids and organic acids. Meanwhile, functional profiles showed that the pathway of cholesterol metabolism and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids was abundant in ASD children with AD. Furthermore, the correlation analysis revealed that bacteroides_sp_CAG443, limosilactobacillus_mucosae had a positive correlation with traumatic acid and ricinoleic acid that were decreased in ASD-AD group, respectively. Eubacterium_ramulus and lachnospiraceae_bacterium were positively correlated with 11,14-eicosadienoic acid (EDA). Taken together, our results propose that altered gut microbiota regulates metabolites to affect the development of atopic dermatitis in ASD children.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13086995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147429943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blue light regulates conidia production in Shiraia bambusicola via calcium/calmodulin signaling.","authors":"Wen Du, Chunlong Sun, Shuai Shang, Wang Li, Wenwen Huang, Ran Wang, Jian Li, Guolan Liu, Hongguo Wang, Chenzhao Wang, Zhiwei Su, Qian Yang","doi":"10.1186/s13568-026-02036-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-026-02036-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shiraia bambusicola is a valuable medicinal fungus parasitic on bamboo, and extracting its active substances represents a sustainable resource utilization strategy. Conidial production is crucial for in the industrial utilization and growth of S. bambusicola. Since light significantly affects its development, we investigated how different light conditions influence conidial production. Blue light induced conidia production 6 days earlier than darkness and increased yield by 7.04-fold, accompanied by thickened mycelia with little change in conidial morphology. Proteomic analysis of blue light-induced conidiation identified 455 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), and most of them were down-regulated. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation results of DEPs showed that the biological process of S. bambusicola conidiation is complex, and the carbohydrate metabolic process is the most significant one. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathway and Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) database analysis showed that carbohydrate transport and metabolism, and phagosome pathway may be mainly involved. Blue light treatment significantly changed the abundance of calcium ion binding (CIB), phospholipase (PL), calreticulin (CRT), calnexin (CANX). The addition of calcium ions (Ca2+) inhibitors BAPTA-AM significantly affected conidial production, as well as the relative contents of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK), CANX, and glycoside hydrolase (GH). In contrast, supplementation with Ca2+ and LaCl3 had no significant effect on the conidial production. The results showed that Ca2+ was involved in the conidiation, primarily originating from intracellular calcium pools. This study supports the use of blue light in industrial conidial production and provides proteomic insights into the molecular mechanisms of conidia formation, highlighting the role of Ca²⁺ in fungal development.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13079248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147368848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: Synergistic renoprotective effects of sesame oil and erythropoietin on ischemic kidney injury after renal transplantation.","authors":"Liyu Ye, Fang Xiao, Jijun Xie, Lingling Feng, Zhangjun Tang, E Chen, Chuchu Chen, Bowen Xu, Ronghai Deng","doi":"10.1186/s13568-026-02035-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-026-02035-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12965921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147363750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of therapeutic investigation and metabolic profiling of edible mushroom Agaricus flocculosipes.","authors":"Divya Sreekala, Vipin Mohan Dan, Gama Mohan M Geetha, Arya Chamaparambath, Anagha Bindu, Sajith Raghunandanan, Chittethu Kunjan Pradeep","doi":"10.1186/s13568-026-02028-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-026-02028-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus Agaricus, classified under the family Agaricaceae and order Agaricales of the class Basidiomycota, comprises nearly 500 species with a cosmopolitan distribution. This genus includes both edible and non-edible species, several of which hold significant nutritional and pharmacological value. Many of these edible mushrooms are well explored for their medicinal properties. Agaricus flocculosipes, is a recent addition in this genus introduced as an edible mushroom, but remains less explored for its therapeutic ability and commercial cultivation. This study for the first time explores medicinal properties of this mushroom. In the present study, A. flocculosipes exhibited selective inhibitory activity against Gram-positive pathogens, with the chloroform extract recording both Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values at 50 µg/mL against Streptococcus pyogenes. Biofilm inhibition assays further demonstrated over 85% reduction in S. pyogenes biofilm formation at a concentration of 46 µg/mL. The chloroform extract also displayed potent anticancer activity, characterized by nuclear condensation, activation of caspase-9 and caspase-7, cleavage of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and upregulation of Bax, thereby inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Metabolomic profiling of the chloroform fraction revealed a diverse array of bioactive compounds likely contributing to these observed biological effects. Collectively, these findings position A. flocculosipes as a promising medicinal mushroom with significant potential for future pharmacological and biotechnological research.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13069076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147353311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phage Henu15-resistant mutant derives fitness trade-offs in Morganella morganii.","authors":"Yuhan Wang, Jiawen Shen, Hanyue Zhuang, Huiru Cao, Jingjing Li, Xiaoxue Yang, Fangyuan Liu, Qian Wang, Jiajia Xie, Jiayi Geng, Waner Wang, Yueting Xi, Xiaoqing Wang, Qiming Li, Tieshan Teng","doi":"10.1186/s13568-026-02032-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-026-02032-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Morganella necessitates new therapeutic approaches, such as phage therapy. Phages are considered a promising adjunct to antibiotics. However, the rapid emergence of phage-resistant bacterial mutants poses a significant challenge in clinical practice. Nevertheless, this phenomenon is often accompanied by fitness trade-offs. Therefore, understanding these fitness trade-offs is crucial prior to phage clinical application. In the present study, a new lytic Morganella morganii phage, named Henu15, was isolated and characterized. The phage genome comprises a 52,795 bp double-stranded DNA with 72 open reading frames. Notably, the phage genome lacks genes encoding integrases, known virulence factors, or acquired antibiotic resistance determinants, underscoring its therapeutic potential. A time-kill assay demonstrated that Henu15 exhibits synergistic effects with ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ceftazidime. Importantly, a Henu15-resistant mutant exhibited pleiotropic defects, including impaired adsorption, enhanced sensitivity to polymyxin B and tetracycline, reduced biofilm formation, and diminished in vivo colonization capacity. Through the whole-genome resequencing of the phage-resistant mutant, mutations were found in 7 genes involved in encoding related proteins such as ATP-dependent chaperone protein ClpB, tetrasulfate reductase subunit A, and AlpA family transcriptional regulators, which might be responsible for the observed fitness defects, providing a molecular basis for the attenuated virulence. Together, these findings provide new insights into the evolutionary interactions between phage resistance and bacterial fitness that could potentially offer a novel approach to treating resistant Morganella infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13076723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147353344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms for reducing cigar tobacco leaf irritancy during acidic fermentation.","authors":"Wei Liu, Yuanyuan Zhao, Tian Zhou, Mengru Bai, Jun Wang, Caining Qi, Jiayi Li, Yanqing Qin, Hongzhi Shi","doi":"10.1186/s13568-026-02034-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-026-02034-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explored the effects of an acidic fermentation environment on the quality of cigar tobacco leaves using air-cured “Dexue 1” tobacco leaves as the raw material. Malic acid was used as a pH regulator and three concentrations were screened to identify an optimal level for co-fermentation with 1.5% glucose. The potential mechanisms by which acidic fermentation reduces tobacco leaf irritancy were also analyzed. Fermentation under acidic conditions led to a more balanced chemical composition and to reduced irritancy. In the T2 (0.8% malic acid) and T3 (0.8% malic acid + 1.5% glucose) treatment groups, free nicotine proportion decreased by 37.52% and 46.98%, respectively, compared to the unfermented treatment (CK). Enzymatic activities of carbon- and nitrogen-metabolizing enzymes (alpha-amylase, neutral protease), a browning-related enzyme (polyphenol oxidase), and a polyphenol synthesis enzyme (phenylalanine ammonia lyase) were significantly higher in fermented tobacco leaves than in unfermented ones. Microbial abundance and diversity were also substantially elevated post-fermentation. Dominant bacterial genera included Staphylococcus, Pantoea, Ralstonia, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus. Staphylococcus exhibited a significantly positive correlation with protein and nicotine content, as well as a significant or highly significant negative correlation with total sugar, amino acids, and NH3 content. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the primary enriched metabolic pathways were the citrate cycle and phenylalanine metabolism. Staphylococcus was positively correlated with acetyl-CoA, isocitrate, and trans-2-hydroxycinnamic acid levels, whereas Bacillus was significantly positively correlated with cis-aconitate and citrate. Under acidic conditions, N exists as NH4+, which is more stable and less likely to volatilize during combustion, thus reducing NH3 release. Moreover, the proportion of free nicotine decreased as pH decreased. Collectively, these factors reduced the irritancy of cigar tobacco leaves fermented under acidic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13076823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147353304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacillus mojavensis postbiotics: transcriptomic and anticancer effects in colon cancer cells.","authors":"María Alejandra Trujillo-López, Cristina Muñoz-Olivos, Miguel Ángel Garduño-Vargas, José Manuel Sánchez-López, Verónica Miroslava Martínez-Ortiz, Beatriz Pérez-Armendáriz, Elie Girgis El-Kassis, Elizabeth Bautista-Rodriguez","doi":"10.1186/s13568-026-02018-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-026-02018-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Probiotics have been shown to exert antiproliferative effects on colon cancer cells. While these effects are often attributed to microbiome regulation, they may also result from bioactive metabolites produced by probiotic bacteria. In the present study, we investigated the impact of a cell-free extract, hereafter referred to as a postbiotic, derived from Bacillus mojavensis, a strain isolated from aguamiel (a traditional Mexican beverage). The antiproliferative activity was evaluated in SW480 human colon cancer cells using MTT and crystal violet assays, while antimigratory effects were assessed through a wound-healing assay. In addition, the ability of the postbiotic to counteract inflammatory proliferation was evaluated in SW480 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Biosafety was tested using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors. Results demonstrated that treatment with 25–50 µg/mL of B. mojavensis postbiotic reduced SW480 cell viability by 75.15% and 79.3%, respectively, and significantly inhibited cell migration after 24 h. Moreover, the postbiotic decreased LPS-induced proliferation without exerting any cytotoxic effect on PBMCs, underscoring its selectivity toward malignant cells. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, transcriptomic profiling was performed, revealing extensive modulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressors, with enrichment of PI3K–Akt, MAPK, apoptosis, and cytokine receptor pathways. In conclusion, postbiotics from B. mojavensis isolated from aguamiel exhibit selective anticancer activity by inhibiting proliferation, migration, and inflammation-induced growth in colorectal cancer cells. Transcriptomic findings further support these effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13069065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147353378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive potential of Pulicaria undulata from arid regions against multidrug-resistant pathogens and cancer cells.","authors":"Amr Elkelish, Ahmed Hamdy Zabady, Marwa Y A Mohamed, Norah Al Harthi, Mohamed S Abdel-Maksoud, Tapsoba François, Samy Selim, Nadia G Elrefaei, Abdullah S Alawam, Ahmed Ismail","doi":"10.1186/s13568-026-02020-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-026-02020-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The demand for medicinal plants in the pharmaceutical industry has recently increased. Pulicaria undulata (“wild marjoram” or “butterfly bush”) has long been used in folk medicine. This study evaluates the antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antiviral, and anticancer activities of the petroleum ether extract from P. undulata’s flowering parts grown in the desert. Preliminary phytochemical screening indicated the presence of several secondary metabolite classes, while HPLC profiling revealed multiple detectable phenolic and flavonoid-related compounds. HPLC analysis identified 19 bioactive compounds, with major components including apigenin (9.54%), ellagic acid (9.40%), coumaric acid (9.21%), daidzein (8.23%), cinnamic acid (7.88%), and chlorogenic acid (5.30%). P. undulata extract exhibited significant antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 4.81 ± 0.134 mg/mL and 7.84 ± 0.351 mg/mL by DPPH and FRAP assays, respectively. The extract also showed potent antibacterial and antibiofilm effects against four multidrug-resistant isolates: S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii (12.5 mg/mL), and E. faecalis (25 mg/mL). At 125 µg/mL, the extract demonstrated antiviral activity against CoxB4 and HSV-1 with inhibition rates of 10.45% and 9.28% (P ≤ 0.05). Additionally, P. undulata caused DNA fragmentation in liver cell lines, indicating cytotoxic effects, with IC50 values of 666.75 µg/mL for Vero cells and 137.77 µg/mL for MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, P. undulata represents a potential source of natural, eco-friendly compounds for pharmaceutical and health-related products, enhancing their commercial value.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12963575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147288955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying recombinant antibodies for quality control of mixed-culture peanut bradyrhizobial inoculant.","authors":"Chayanan Singtothong, Natcha Pruksametanan, Teerana Greetatorn, Kuntalee Rangnoi, Pakpoom Boonchuen, Kamonluck Teamtisong, Jenjira Wongdee, Pongpan Songwattana, Pongdet Piromyou, Monchai Manassila, Nantakorn Boonkerd, Neung Teaumroong, Montarop Yamabhai, Panlada Tittabutr","doi":"10.1186/s13568-026-02027-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-026-02027-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bradyrhizobium is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium that crucially supports peanut production as a biofertilizer. Using mixed-culture inoculant proves beneficial for field application. This study explores the application of recombinant human single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies for examine and monitor the quality of a mixed-culture inoculant. Bradyrhizobium sp. DASA03028 is one of the five elite strains recommended by the DOA for peanut production in Thailand. Using phage display technology, a specific scFv antibody, yi028-F11, was developed against strain DASA03028 without reacting with other tested bradyrhizobia. At a concentration of 20 µg/mL, the scFv antibody yi028-F11 detects bacteria as low as 104 cells. The binding of the antibody depends on the colony’s age, where the colonies that are older or younger than 7 days show a reduced enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay signal. Additionally, the study showcased the application of recombinant scFv antibodies through the fluorescent antibody technique to evaluate viable cell counts of Bradyrhizobium strains in liquid and peat-based mixed-culture inoculants. Interestingly, yi028-F11 could distinguish between the two strains only in bacteroid form inside mung bean nodules, but not in peanut cultivars, representing an initial observation of host-associated differences in bacteroid detection. Dot blot analysis indicated differences in the binding properties of the two antibodies. While the yi028-F11 scFv antibody binds to the exopolysaccharide (EPS) on the surface of strain DASA03028 cells, the yiN92-e10 scFv binds to a protein on strain SUTN9-2. Despite the diagnostic limitations, the findings reaffirm the uniqueness of individual plant hosts’ nodule formation and bacteroid differentiation, impacting the binding of scFv antibodies. This study demonstrates the application of recombinant scFv antibodies as a quality control tool for single- and mixed-culture peanut bradyrhizobial inoculants.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13049128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147269539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}