World journal of experimental medicine最新文献

{"title":"Anti-aging based on stem cell therapy: A scoping review.","authors":"Nassar El Assaad, Alain Chebly, Rawad Salame, Robert Achkar, Nour Bou Atme, Khalil Akouch, Paul Rafoul, Colette Hanna, Samer Abou Zeid, Marwan Ghosn, Charbel Khalil","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i3.97233","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i3.97233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stem cells are present in the tissues and organs and remain in a quiescent and undifferentiated state until it is physiologically necessary to produce new descendant cells. Due to their multipotency property, mesenchymal stem cells have attracted considerable attention worldwide due to their immunomodulation and therapeutic function in tissue regeneration. Stem cells secrete components such as paracrine factors, extracellular vesicles, and exosomes which have been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, reconstruction and wound healing potentials in many <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> models. The pluripotency and immunomodulatory features of stem cells could potentially be an effective tool in cell therapy and tissue repair. Aging affects the capacity for self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells, decreasing the potential for regeneration and the loss of optimal functions in organisms over time. Current progress in the field of cellular therapy and regenerative medicine has facilitated the evolution of particular guidelines and quality control approaches, which eventually lead to clinical trials. Cell therapy could potentially be one of the most promising therapies to control aging due to the fact that single stem cell transplantation can regenerate or substitute the injured tissue. To understand the involvement of stem cells not only in tissue maintenance and disease but also in the control of aging it is important to know and identify their properties, functions, and regulation <i>in vivo</i>, which are addressed in this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"14 3","pages":"97233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11372738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, and post-traumatic growth in breast cancer patients.","authors":"Amos Nnaemeka Amedu","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i3.95565","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i3.95565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer (BC) is a common cancer among females in Africa. Being infected with BC in Africa seems like a life sentence and brings devastating experiences to patients and households. As a result, BC is comorbid with trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and post-traumatic growth (PTG).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To identify empirical evidence from peer-reviewed articles on the comorbidity trajectories between BC and trauma, BC and PTSD, and BC and PTG.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines of conducting a systematic review. Literature searches of the National Library of Medicine, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases were conducted using search terms developed for the study. The search hint yielded 769 results, which were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. At the end of the screening, 24 articles were included in the systematic review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BC patients suffered trauma and PTSD during the diagnosis and treatment stages. These traumatic events include painful experiences during and after diagnosis, psychological distress, depression, and cultural stigma against BC patients. PTSD occurrence among BC patients varies across African countries, as this review disclosed: 90% was reported in Kenya, 80% was reported in Zimbabwe, and 46% was reported in Nigeria. The severity of PTSD among BC patients in Africa was based on the test results communicated to the patients. Furthermore, this review revealed that BC patients experience PTG, which involves losing, regaining, and surrendering final control over the body, rebuilding a personified identity, and newfound appreciation for the body.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with BC undergo numerous traumatic experiences during their diagnosis and treatment. Psychological interventions are needed in SSA to mitigate trauma and PTSD, as well as promote PTG.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"14 3","pages":"95565"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11372742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor dynamics in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: From immune modulation to therapeutic opportunities.","authors":"Mina Rahmati, Hassan Moghtaderi, Saeed Mohammadi, Ahmed Al-Harrasi","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i3.96269","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i3.96269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a substantial global health burden. Immune escape mechanisms are important in ESCC progression, enabling cancer cells to escape the surveillance of the host immune system. One key player in this process is the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR), which influences multiple cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and immune regulation. Dysregulated AhR signaling participates in ESCC development by stimulating carcinogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and immune escape. Targeting AhR signaling is a potential therapeutic approach for ESCC, with AhR ligands showing efficacy in preclinical studies. Additionally, modification of AhR ligands and combination therapies present new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. This review aims to address the knowledge gap related to the role of AhR signaling in ESCC pathogenesis and immune escape.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"14 3","pages":"96269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11372732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction between tumor stage and age on survival outcomes of patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer.","authors":"Ayrton I Bangolo, Auda Auda, John Bukasa-Kakamba, Nayan Bhakta, Shraboni Dey, Anupriya Lilhori, Gowry Reddy, Budoor Alqinai, Aman Sidiqui, Imranjot Sekhon, Barbare Khatiashvili, Iqra Abbas, Sandra Kunnel, Amer Jarri, Emelyn Martinez, Deborah Daoud, Ishita Gupta, Harshini Gompa, Silvanna Pender, Dana Aljaberi, Hamed Aljanaahi, Sandra S Kunnel, Yingxia Xiao, Yoontae Jung, Sneha Nagpaul, Afshan Naz, Tejaswee Mallela, Phyo Maung Maung, Ibtihal Y Khalaf, Soobee Kim, Roua Alrestom, Aditya Gajera, Hiba Alkealy, Deepti Kansal, Sonam Dhall, Sanya Satheesha, Simcha Weissman, Pierre Fwelo","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i3.93869","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i3.93869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an aggressive, rare malignancy associated with rapid growth and metastasis, and a very poor prognosis. We investigated the clinical characteristics, survival outcomes and independent prognostic factors associated with anaplastic thyroid cancer.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess to what extent the interaction between age and tumor stage affects mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 622 patients diagnosed with anaplastic thyroid cancer, between 2010 and 2017 were enrolled in our study by retrieving data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. We analyzed demographics, clinical characteristics, overall mortality (OM) and cancer specific mortality (CSM) of ATC. Variables with a <i>P</i> value < 0.1 were incorporated into the multivariate cox model to determine the independent prognostic factors. Furthermore, we analyzed the interaction between age and tumor stage on mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the multivariate analyses, the divorced/separated population had a lower OM [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.42-0.94, <i>P</i> < 0.05] and CSM (HR = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.40-0.92, <i>P</i> < 0.05). OM was higher in tumors with direct extension only (HR = 6.26, 95%CI: 1.29-30.42, <i>P</i> < 0.05) and tumors with distant spread (HR = 5.73, 95%CI: 1.34-24.51, <i>P</i> < 0.05). CSM was also higher in tumors with direct extension (HR = 5.05, 95%CI: 1.05-24.19, <i>P</i> < 0.05) and tumors with distant spread (HR = 4.57, 95%CI: 1.08-19.29, <i>P</i> < 0.05). Mortality was not adversely affected by lymph node involvement. OM was lower in patients who received radiation (HR = 0.66, 95%CI: 0.53-0.83, <i>P</i> < 0.01), chemotherapy (HR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.50-0.79, <i>P</i> < 0.01) or surgery (HR = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.43-0.66, <i>P</i> < 0.01). CSM was also lower in patient who received radiation (HR = 0.64, 95%CI: 0.51-0.81, <i>P</i> < 0.01), chemotherapy (HR = 0.62, 95%CI: 0.50-0.78, <i>P</i> < 0.01) or surgery (HR = 0.51, 95%CI: 0.41-0.63, <i>P</i> < 0.01). There was no significant interaction between age and tumor stage that affected mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this large US SEER database retrospective study, we found the mortality to be higher in advanced stage tumors with direct extension and distant metastasis. However, patients who received aggressive therapy showed a better overall survival. The aim of our study is to emphasize the importance of detecting ATC at an early stage and provide aggressive therapy to these patients. Since advanced stage ATC is associated with a dismal prognosis, we emphasize the need for randomized control trials and development of novel therapies that will be used to treat ATC.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"14 3","pages":"93869"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11372736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amylase intrapancreatic infusion delays insulin release during an intravenous glucose tolerance test, proof of acini-islet-acinar interactions.","authors":"Kateryna Pierzynowska, Piotr Wychowański, Kamil Zaworski, Jarosław Woliński, Janine Donaldson, Dominika Szkopek, Katarzyna Roszkowicz-Ostrowska, Agata Kondej, Stefan G Pierzynowski","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i3.92589","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i3.92589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The possible existence of an acini-islet-acinar (AIA) reflex, involving mutual amylase and insulin interactions, was investigated in the current acute experiment on pigs.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To confirm the existence of an AIA reflex and justify the placement of the exocrine and endocrine pancreatic components within the same organ.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was performed on six pigs under general anesthesia. An intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed, with a bolus infusion of 50% glucose to the jugular vein, while amylase (5000 U/kg) or vehicle intrapancreatic infusions were administered <i>via</i> the pancreaticoduodenalis cranialis artery during 30 min with a 1 mL/min flow rate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The amylase infusion to pancreatic arterial circulation inhibited and delayed the insulin release peak which is usually associated with the highest value of blood glucose and is typically observed at 15 min after glucose infusion, for > 1 h. The intrapancreatic infusion of the vehicle (saline) did not have any effect on the time frame of insulin release. Infusion of 1% bovine serum albumin changed the insulin release curve dramatically and prolonged the high range of insulin secretion, far beyond the glucose peak.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intrapancreatic arterial infusion of amylase interrupted the integrated glucose-insulin interactions. This confirms an AIA reflex and justifies placement of the exocrine and endocrine pancreatic components within the same organ.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"14 3","pages":"92589"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11372737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence as a tool in drug discovery and development.","authors":"Maria Kokudeva, Mincho Vichev, Emilia Naseva, Dimitrina Georgieva Miteva, Tsvetelina Velikova","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i3.96042","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i3.96042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapidly advancing field of artificial intelligence (AI) has garnered substantial attention for its potential application in drug discovery and development. This opinion review critically examined the feasibility and prospects of integrating AI as a transformative tool in the pharmaceutical industry. AI, encompassing machine learning algorithms, deep learning, and data analytics, offers unprecedented opportunities to streamline and enhance various stages of drug development. This opinion review delved into the current landscape of AI-driven approaches, discussing their utilization in target identification, lead optimization, and predictive modeling of pharmacokinetics and toxicity. We aimed to scrutinize the integration of large-scale omics data, electronic health records, and chemical informatics, highlighting the power of AI in uncovering novel therapeutic targets and accelerating drug repurposing strategies. Despite the considerable potential of AI, the review also addressed inherent challenges, including data privacy concerns, interpretability of AI models, and the need for robust validation in real-world clinical settings. Additionally, we explored ethical considerations surrounding AI-driven decision-making in drug development. This opinion review provided a nuanced perspective on the transformative role of AI in drug discovery by discussing the existing literature and emerging trends, presenting critical insights and addressing potential hurdles. In conclusion, this study aimed to stimulate discourse within the scientific community and guide future endeavors to harness the full potential of AI in drug development.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"14 3","pages":"96042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11372739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Platelet-to-neutrophil ratio predicts hemorrhagic transformation and unfavorable outcomes in acute ischemic stroke with intravenous thrombolysis.","authors":"Ausanee Chaiwisitkun, Sombat Muengtaweepongsa","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i3.95540","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i3.95540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) retains a notable stance in global disease burden, with thrombolysis <i>via</i> recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) serving as a viable management approach, albeit with variable outcomes and the potential for complications like hemorrhagic transformation (HT). The platelet-to-neutrophil ratio (P/NR) has been considered for its potential prognostic value in AIS, yet its capacity to predict outcomes following rtPA administration demands further exploration.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To elucidate the prognostic utility of P/NR in predicting HT and clinical outcomes following intravenous rtPA administration in AIS patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 418 AIS patients treated with intravenous rtPA at Thammasat University Hospital from January 2018 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The relationship between P/NR and clinical outcomes [early neurological deterioration (E-ND), HT, delayed ND (D-ND), and 3-mo outcomes] was scrutinized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Notable variables, such as age, diabetes, and stroke history, exhibited statistical disparities when comparing patients with and without E-ND, HT, D-ND, and 3-mo outcomes. P/NR prognostication revealed an optimal cutoff of 43.4 with a 60.3% sensitivity and a 52.5% specificity for 90-d outcomes. P/NR prognostic accuracy was statistically significant for 90-d outcomes [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.562], D-ND (AUC = 0.584), and HT (AUC = 0.607).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>P/NR demonstrated an association with adverse 3-mo clinical outcomes, HT, and D-ND in AIS patients post-rtPA administration, indicating its potential as a predictive tool for complications and prognoses. This infers that a diminished P/NR may serve as a novel prognostic indicator, assisting clinicians in identifying AIS patients at elevated risk for unfavorable outcomes following rtPA therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"14 3","pages":"95540"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11372743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypoglycaemia in screening oral glucose tolerance test in pregnancy with low birth weight fetus.","authors":"Nicoleta Gana, Iulia Huluta, Nicolae Gica","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i3.96720","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i3.96720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maternal hypoglycemia, a condition characterized by lower than normal blood glucose levels in pregnant women, has been increasingly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including low birth weight (LBW) in neonates. LBW, defined as a birth weight of less than 2500 g, can result from various factors, including maternal nutrition, health status, and metabolic conditions like hypoglycemia. Maternal hypoglycemia may affect fetal growth by altering the supply of essential nutrients and oxygen to the fetus, leading to restricted fetal development and growth. This condition poses significant risks not only during pregnancy but also for the long-term health of the child, increasing the likelihood of developmental delays, health issues, and chronic conditions later in life. Research in this area has focused on understanding the mechanisms through which maternal hypoglycemia influences fetal development, with studies suggesting that alterations in placental blood flow and nutrient transport, as well as direct effects on fetal insulin levels and metabolism, may play a role. Given the potential impact of maternal hypoglycemia on neonatal health outcomes, early detection and management are crucial to minimize risks for LBW and its associated complications. Further investigations are needed to fully elucidate the complex interactions between maternal glucose levels and fetal growth, as well as to develop targeted interventions to support the health of both mother and child. Understanding these relationships is vital for improving prenatal care and outcomes for pregnancies complicated by hypoglycemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"14 3","pages":"96720"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11372735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic grooves: An observational study at laparoscopic surgery.","authors":"Shamir O Cawich, Dexter A Thomas, Fawwaz Mohammed, Michael T Gardner, Marlene Craigie, Shaneeta Johnson, Ramnanand S Kedambady","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i2.94357","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i2.94357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In traditional descriptions, the upper surface of the liver is smooth and convex, but deep depressions are variants that are present in 5%-40% of patients. We sought to determine the relationship between surface depressions and the diaphragm.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To use exploratory laparoscopy to determine the relationship between surface depressions and the diaphragm.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational study was performed in all patients undergoing laparoscopic upper gastro-intestinal operations between January 1, 2023 and January 20, 2024. A thirty-degree laparoscope was used to inspect the liver and diaphragm. When surface depressions were present, we recorded patient demographics, presence of diaphragmatic bands, rib protrusions and/or any other source of compression during inspection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 394 patients, 343 had normal surface anatomy, and 51 (12.9%) had prominent surface depressions on the liver. There was no significant relationship between the presence of surface depressions and gender nor the presence of rib projections. However, there was significant association between the presence of surface depressions and diaphragmatic muscular bands (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>With these data, the diaphragmatic-band theory has gained increased importance over other theories for surface depressions. Further studies are warranted using cross sectional imaging to confirm relationships with intersectional planes as well as beta-catenin assays in the affected liver parenchyma.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"14 2","pages":"94357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11212742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141473373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovation in pathogenesis and management of aortic aneurysm.","authors":"Maryam Barkhordarian, Hadrian Hoang-Vu Tran, Aiswarya Menon, Sai Priyanka Pulipaka, Izage Kianifar Aguilar, Axel Fuertes, Shraboni Dey, Angel Ann Chacko, Tanni Sethi, Ayrton Bangolo, Simcha Weissman","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i2.91408","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i2.91408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aortic aneurysm (AA) refers to the persistent dilatation of the aorta, exceeding three centimeters. Investigating the pathophysiology of this condition is important for its prevention and management, given its responsibility for more than 25000 deaths in the United States. AAs are classified based on their location or morphology. various pathophysiologic pathways including inflammation, the immune system and atherosclerosis have been implicated in its development. Inflammatory markers such as transforming growth factor β, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and many more may contribute to this phenomenon. Several genetic disorders such as Marfan syndrome, Ehler-Danlos syndrome and Loeys-Dietz syndrome have also been associated with this disease. Recent years has seen the investigation of novel management of AA, exploring the implication of different immune suppressors, the role of radiation in shrinkage and prevention, as well as minimally invasive and newly hypothesized surgical methods. In this narrative review, we aim to present the new contributing factors involved in pathophysiology of AA. We also highlighted the novel management methods that have demonstrated promising benefits in clinical outcomes of the AA.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"14 2","pages":"91408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11212750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141474692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}