World journal of experimental medicine最新文献

Abnormalities of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in primary biliary cholangitis. 原发性胆管炎肝窦内皮细胞异常。

World journal of experimental medicine Pub Date : 2026-03-20 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.114313

Evangelos Thalassinos, George Notas, Costantinos Xidakis, Ioannis Drygiannakis, Ourania Sfakianaki, Ioannis Tsomidis, Elias Kouroumalis

{"title":"Abnormalities of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in primary biliary cholangitis.","authors":"Evangelos Thalassinos, George Notas, Costantinos Xidakis, Ioannis Drygiannakis, Ourania Sfakianaki, Ioannis Tsomidis, Elias Kouroumalis","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.114313","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.114313","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) may have a critical role in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) that has not been investigated.Aim: To investigate the role of LSECs in PBC.Methods: We studied the levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and soluble E-selectin and the tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and its inhibitor in the serum of 30 PBC patients before and 25 patients after treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Moreover, immortalized endothelial cells (EA.hy926) were incubated with serum from patients with PBC, hepatitis C virus (HCV) and normal controls for up to 24 hours. The expression of endothelin (ET) 1, ET2, ET3, and ET receptors A and B were also measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results: Vascular cell adhesion molecule and intercellular adhesion molecule were significantly increased in PBC and HCV with the highest values found in PBC patients. UDCA had no effect. Levels were significantly higher in late PBC (stages III-IV), compared with early PBC (stages I-II). t-PA was significantly increased in PBC but not in HCV. Higher values were obtained in late PBC. UDCA decreased t-PA. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels were similar in all groups. Expression of endothelin 1, endothelin 2, and endothelin 3 significantly varied at different time points. ET receptors A was decreased at 2 hours and 6 hours in PBC, and at 2 hours and 24 hours in HCV. ET receptors B was reduced at 2 hours and 24 hours in both PBC and HCV.Conclusion: Endothelial adhesion molecules are abnormal in PBC particularly in the late fibrotic stages. ET and their receptors are reduced in LSECs after incubation with PBC and HCV sera, findings that might be related to pathogenesis.","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"114313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147517464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Myocardiocyte senescence in ischemic heart disease and breathome changes. 缺血性心脏病心肌细胞衰老与呼吸变化。

World journal of experimental medicine Pub Date : 2026-03-20 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.117186

Basheer Abdullah Marzoog, Philipp Kopylov

{"title":"Myocardiocyte senescence in ischemic heart disease and breathome changes.","authors":"Basheer Abdullah Marzoog, Philipp Kopylov","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.117186","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.117186","url":null,"abstract":"Aging is an irreversible and continuous process characterized by metabolic alterations induced by epigenomic changes. Myocardiocytes, a type of cardiac cell, are among the cells affected by this process. These changes affect cardiometabolic homeostasis at both cellular and subcellular levels. Consequently, dysregulation occurs between the protective and aggressive systems of myocardiocytes, leading to an increased prevalence of the aggressive system. This imbalance weakens the protective system against harmful factors, such as ischemia. As a result, ischemic heart disease develops, and pathological cardiometabolic changes in myocardiocytes progress with each ischemia-reperfusion event. These cardiometabolic alterations serve as biomarkers (outcomes) of ischemic myocardiocytes released into the bloodstream. The detection of these biomarkers in exhaled breath, in the form of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), is feasible using various types of mass spectrometers, including the proton transfer reaction time of flight mass spectrometer. Exhaled VOCs can be utilized as biomarkers of the biological age of myocardiocytes by measuring the concentration of specific VOCs associated with cardiometabolic changes and ischemic myocardiocytes. This article explores the relationship between myocardiocyte aging and the development of ischemic heart disease, as well as the changes in exhaled VOCs.","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"117186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147517509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correlation between heart rate variability and severity of coronary atherosclerosis: Looking for non-invasive indicators of the disease severity. 心率变异性与冠状动脉粥样硬化严重程度的相关性：寻找疾病严重程度的非侵入性指标

World journal of experimental medicine Pub Date : 2026-03-20 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.111197

Michal Kuzemczak, Izabela Miechowicz, Rafal Januszek, Tomasz Siminiak

{"title":"Correlation between heart rate variability and severity of coronary atherosclerosis: Looking for non-invasive indicators of the disease severity.","authors":"Michal Kuzemczak, Izabela Miechowicz, Rafal Januszek, Tomasz Siminiak","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.111197","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.111197","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although heart rate variability (HRV) has been shown to be altered among patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), studies on relationships between HRV indices and angiographic severity of IHD give conflicting results. Additionally, a plethora of mathematical models have been established, offering a novel approach for analyzing HRV.Aim: To analyze correlations between angiographic severity of coronary atherosclerosis and a wide spectrum of HRV indices in patients with stable IHD.Methods: Total of 139 consecutive patients with stable IHD scheduled for coronary angiography were enrolled. Angiograms were scored using the method of Gensini. Five-minute electrocardiogram readings were analyzed. Correlations between the Gensini score and HRV indices were tested.Results: The study did not reveal statistically significant correlations between Gensini score and traditional HRV indices (standard deviation of NN intervals, root mean square of successive differences, spectral indices). The angiographic severity of coronary atherosclerosis assessed using the Gensini score was correlated with the following HRV indices: Van Geijn interbeat interval difference (r = -0.232; P < 0.05), de Hann sinus tachycardia index (r = -0.227; P < 0.05), Huey long-term variability (r = -0.167; P < 0.05), and Dalton mean absolute beat-to-beat (r = -0.169; P < 0.05).Conclusion: Traditional time and frequency domain HRV indices do not correlate with angiographic severity of IHD. Several novel HRV parameters merit more attention as they weakly correlated with the Gensini score in stable IHD patients. Further research exploring relationships between angiographic severity of IHD and HRV indices is warranted.","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"111197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147517400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of olopatadine hydrochloride on substance P concentrations in nasal secretions and nasal symptoms. 盐酸奥洛他定对鼻分泌物P物质浓度及鼻症状的影响。

World journal of experimental medicine Pub Date : 2026-03-20 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.116584

Fumihiko Katagiri, Saori Hatoyama-Tanaka, Tetsuo Watanabe, Risa Takayanagi, Masashi Suzuki, Yasuhiko Yamada

{"title":"Effects of olopatadine hydrochloride on substance P concentrations in nasal secretions and nasal symptoms.","authors":"Fumihiko Katagiri, Saori Hatoyama-Tanaka, Tetsuo Watanabe, Risa Takayanagi, Masashi Suzuki, Yasuhiko Yamada","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.116584","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.116584","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Olopatadine hydrochloride (olopatadine), a histamine H1 receptor antagonist, inhibits release of substance P (SP) from peripheral nerve endings. It has antiallergic effects and is widely used in dermatology and otolaryngology. It is known that the SP concentration is significantly higher in the nasal secretions of patients with allergic rhinitis than in those of healthy individuals, suggesting a relationship between SP concentrations in nasal secretions and symptoms.Aim: To investigate effects of olopatadine on SP concentrations in nasal secretions of patients with cedar pollinosis and their relationship with symptoms.Methods: Nasal secretions were collected before and after administration of olopatadine to 12 Japanese patients with cedar pollinosis. SP concentrations in nasal secretions were measured and their relationship with scores for nasal symptoms evaluated.Results: After administration of olopatadine, sneezing, rhinorrhea and severity of symptoms improved significantly (all P < 0.05) and SP concentrations in nasal discharge were significantly lower than before treatment. Our findings suggest that symptoms improve when SP concentrations in nasal secretions decrease. It has been reported that patients with allergic rhinitis have significantly higher concentrations of SP in nasal secretions than healthy individuals, suggesting the importance of controlling SP concentrations when treating allergies.Conclusion: Olopatadine suppresses release of SP, which is involved in itching and inflammation. Our findings suggest that its administration may prove to be a useful new strategy for treating allergies.","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"116584"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147517477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diagnostic utility of circulating interleukin-1 beta and microRNA-146a in differentiating febrile seizures from other pediatric conditions. 循环白细胞介素-1 β和microRNA-146a在区分发热性癫痫与其他儿科疾病中的诊断效用

World journal of experimental medicine Pub Date : 2026-03-20 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.112061

Saeed Mohammadi, Mwssa Abbood Hameed Ati, Fakhri Sadat Seyedhosseini, Mojtaba Zare Ebrahimabad, Mohsen Saeidi, Seyed Ahmad Hosseini, Mahmoud Darweesh, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, Yaghoub Yazdani

{"title":"Diagnostic utility of circulating interleukin-1 beta and microRNA-146a in differentiating febrile seizures from other pediatric conditions.","authors":"Saeed Mohammadi, Mwssa Abbood Hameed Ati, Fakhri Sadat Seyedhosseini, Mojtaba Zare Ebrahimabad, Mohsen Saeidi, Seyed Ahmad Hosseini, Mahmoud Darweesh, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, Yaghoub Yazdani","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.112061","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.112061","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Febrile seizures (FS) are common pediatric neurological disorders typically triggered by fever, affecting children aged 6 months to 5 years. Although usually benign, early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management.Aim: To investigate the diagnostic potential of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and microRNA-146a (miR-146a) in distinguishing FS from healthy subjects (HS), fever-only (FO), and seizure-only (SO) cases.Methods: Pediatric patients were grouped into FS (n = 68), HS (n = 52), FO (n = 52), and SO (n = 32). Blood samples were collected within 30 minutes of seizure onset or fever presentation. Plasma samples were analyzed for IL-1β (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and miR-146a (real-time polymerase chain reaction). Group comparisons were conducted using analysis of variance or the non-parametric alternative (Kruskal-Wallis test), while diagnostic performance was evaluated through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.Results: IL-1β levels showed the highest level in FS, followed by FO and SO, with HS showing the lowest levels. IL-1β distinguished FS from HS with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9983 (sensitivity: 100%, specificity: 96.15%). miR-146a was lowest in FS and highest in HS, achieving an AUC of 1.000 (sensitivity: 100%, specificity: 98.08%). IL-1β and miR-146a also effectively differentiated FS from FO and SO, with respective AUCs of 0.8862 and 0.8173 for FS vs FO.Conclusion: IL-1β and miR-146a could be promising diagnostic biomarkers for FS, distinguishing FS from HS, FO, and SO with high sensitivity and specificity. These markers possess the potential to enhance early FS diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"112061"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147517538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cardiac amyloidosis: From diagnosis to therapeutics breakthroughs. 心脏淀粉样变性：从诊断到治疗的突破。

World journal of experimental medicine Pub Date : 2026-03-20 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.112270

Maha Bouziane, Omar Moufid, Rachida Habbal

{"title":"Cardiac amyloidosis: From diagnosis to therapeutics breakthroughs.","authors":"Maha Bouziane, Omar Moufid, Rachida Habbal","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.112270","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.112270","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is a progressive infiltrative cardiomyopathy resulting from the deposition of misfolded amyloid fibrils in the myocardium and heart valves, with the main forms being amyloid light-chain (AL), transthyretin-related (ATTR) (wild-type or hereditary), and amyloid A amyloidosis. Although historically underdiagnosed, recent advances in non-invasive imaging techniques such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and bone scintigraphy have significantly improved its recognition. This review outlines the current diagnostic approaches and therapeutic advancements in CA, emphasizing a multimodal strategy that includes imaging, cardiac biomarkers, and tissue biopsy with precise amyloid subtyping. Diagnosis remains challenging and requires a high degree of clinical suspicion, as delayed recognition can lead to rapid clinical deterioration. Clear diagnostic algorithms and a multidisciplinary care model are essential to improving outcomes. AL amyloidosis is primarily managed with chemotherapy and, when appropriate, stem cell transplantation, while tafamidis is currently the only approved treatment for ATTR amyloidosis, though new therapeutic agents are in development. Overall, recent progress in diagnosis and treatment has enhanced patient outcomes, and early detection combined with coordinated care is key to managing this complex condition.","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"112270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147517369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deciphering the interplay between hypoxia, angiogenesis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in carcinogenesis: A narrative review. 解读缺氧、血管生成和内质网应激在癌变中的相互作用：一篇叙述性综述。

World journal of experimental medicine Pub Date : 2026-03-20 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.115478

Shikha Bhardwaj, Shweta Pandey, Debasish Kumar Ghosh, Tapan Sharma, Buddhi Prakash Jain

{"title":"Deciphering the interplay between hypoxia, angiogenesis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in carcinogenesis: A narrative review.","authors":"Shikha Bhardwaj, Shweta Pandey, Debasish Kumar Ghosh, Tapan Sharma, Buddhi Prakash Jain","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.115478","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.115478","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer cells face oxygen and nutrient shortages, driving vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated angiogenesis and increasing protein-folding demand, which triggers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways. The UPR is triggered through three major sensors: IRE1, PERK, and ATF6. Simultaneously, hypoxia stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) genes, enabling tumors to adapt, promote angiogenesis, and enhance survival. This review aims to decode the interconnected roles of hypoxia, angiogenesis, and ER stress in carcinogenesis, with a specific focus on how HIF-regulated signaling integrates these pathways to support tumor progression and impact clinical behavior. Researchers have found that both the UPR and hypoxia pathways influence VEGF expression by increasing the transcription factors ATF-4 and XBP-1, respectively, and by enhancing the expression of HIF genes. HIF genes are known as one of the master regulators of angiogenesis. The PERK/eIF2α pathway, IRE-1, and ATF6, all three branches of the UPR response, also help cancer cells survive under hypoxic conditions. On one hand, where PERK increases the heterodimerization between α levels at the translational level, the IRE-1 branch increases its stabilization via a process known as regulated IRE-1-dependent decay, an endoribonuclease activity. Understanding this triad will support the development of targeted therapies, including HIF inhibitors, anti-angiogenic agents, and UPR modulators, as well as biomarker-based patient selection and combination treatment strategies. Integrating hypoxia, angiogenesis, and ER stress biology reveals critical insights for designing more precise and effective anticancer interventions.","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"115478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147517414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Renin-angiotensin system blockade attenuates brain mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation associated with hypertension, metabolic disorders, and aging. 肾素-血管紧张素系统阻断可减轻脑线粒体功能障碍、氧化应激和与高血压、代谢紊乱和衰老相关的神经炎症。

World journal of experimental medicine Pub Date : 2026-03-20 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.113259

Sebastián García Menéndez, Felipe Inserra, Elena Mv de Cavanagh, Leon Ferder, Walter Manucha

{"title":"Renin-angiotensin system blockade attenuates brain mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation associated with hypertension, metabolic disorders, and aging.","authors":"Sebastián García Menéndez, Felipe Inserra, Elena Mv de Cavanagh, Leon Ferder, Walter Manucha","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.113259","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.113259","url":null,"abstract":"Although aging is an inherent part of life, it represents a process of progressive dysfunction rather than a fixed biological outcome. Consequently, highly prevalent conditions such as cardiorenal-metabolic syndrome-which encompasses obesity, hypertension (HTN), and metabolic disorders-can accelerate age-related changes. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a critical role in pathophysiology and affects multiple organs, including the brain. The central nervous system contains both RAS branches: The ACE/Ang II/AT1 and AT2 receptor axis, as well as the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis. Neuroinflammation is a chronic process characterized by glial cell activation triggered by increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, resulting in oxidative stress. Mitochondria are the primary cellular sites where these processes occur. Under conditions such as metabolic disorders, obesity, HTN, and aging, these reactions are markedly accelerated. Associated mechanisms include insulin resistance, elevated levels of advanced glycation end-products, and disruption of the blood-brain barrier. The consequences of these alterations may include brain dysfunction, cognitive decline, Parkinson's disease, and neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. This review focuses on the primary effects of therapeutic interventions on mitochondrial function, with particular attention to the modulation of oxidative stress, chronic neuroinflammation, and glial dysregulation. We highlight the strategic use of angiotensin receptor blockers and ACE2 activators as promising tools that may redefine the prevention and treatment of vascular dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases of inflammatory origin.","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"113259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147517525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Double-edged role of N6-methyladenosine reader YTH structural domain family protein 2 in neurological disorders: Molecular mechanisms and translational prospects. n6 -甲基腺苷解读器YTH结构域家族蛋白2在神经系统疾病中的双刃剑作用：分子机制和翻译前景

World journal of experimental medicine Pub Date : 2026-03-20 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.116383

Yu-Meng Liu, Ming Liu, Hang Yuan, Bin Li

{"title":"Double-edged role of N6-methyladenosine reader YTH structural domain family protein 2 in neurological disorders: Molecular mechanisms and translational prospects.","authors":"Yu-Meng Liu, Ming Liu, Hang Yuan, Bin Li","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.116383","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.116383","url":null,"abstract":"N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal RNA modification in eukaryotic transcripts, and YTH structural domain family (YTHDF) 2 is a principal m6A reader that governs RNA stability and turnover. Accumulating evidence indicates that YTHDF2 exerts context-dependent and sometimes opposing functions across major neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, glioblastoma, epilepsy, and experimentally induced cognitive and neuropsychiatric conditions. By selectively promoting decay of m6A-marked transcripts - such as leucine rich repeat and immunoglobulin domain containing 2, axis inhibition protein 1, breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein associated protein 1, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4, family with sequence similarity 134 member B, and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 - YTHDF2 modulates diverse processes including amyloid processing, Wnt signaling, ferroptosis, neuroinflammation, metabolic homeostasis, and autophagy. Its activity is further shaped by upstream regulatory pathways (e.g., epidermal growth factor receptor-SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase and protein arginine methyltransferase 6-cyclin-dependent kinase 9) and by dynamic interplay with m6A writers and erasers, including methyltransferase like 14 and fat mass and obesity-associated protein. This mini-review synthesizes recent mechanistic advances, emphasizes regional and cell-type heterogeneity of YTHDF2 function, and proposes a \"dose-target dependency\" framework to reconcile its bidirectional effects. We also outline emerging translational strategies aimed at evaluating YTHDF2 as a mechanistic biomarker and a selectively tractable therapeutic target in neurological disease.","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"116383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147517551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Melanoma leptomeningeal disease: Advances in diagnosis and emerging therapeutic strategies. 黑色素瘤轻脑膜病：诊断进展和新出现的治疗策略。

World journal of experimental medicine Pub Date : 2026-03-20 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.117938

Michael L Middleton, Brandon Lucke-Wold

{"title":"Melanoma leptomeningeal disease: Advances in diagnosis and emerging therapeutic strategies.","authors":"Michael L Middleton, Brandon Lucke-Wold","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.117938","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.117938","url":null,"abstract":"Melanoma leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a rare and severe manifestation of advanced melanoma involving malignant infiltration of the leptomeninges and cerebrospinal fluid. Historically, survival was measured in weeks, but recent advances in diagnostics and therapy have begun to improve outcomes. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on the epidemiology, biology, diagnosis, and management of melanoma LMD, with emphasis on studies from the past five years. Emerging cerebrospinal fluid liquid biopsy methods, including circulating tumor cell and cell free DNA analysis, allow earlier detection, identification of actionable mutations, and real time monitoring of disease activity. Modern systemic therapies have extended median overall survival to approximately 8.4 months compared with historical outcomes of 2.9 months to 3.7 months. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and B-rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma and mitogen-activated protein kinase targeted therapies both contribute to these improvements, and early studies of intrathecal immunotherapy show encouraging clinical activity. Additional innovations such as proton craniospinal irradiation and novel drug delivery strategies reflect an evolving treatment landscape. Continued progress will depend on dedicated clinical trials, broader inclusion of patients with LMD, and deeper understanding of the leptomeningeal immune microenvironment.","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"117938"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147517502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0