World journal of experimental medicine最新文献

{"title":"Comparative outcome analyses of subchondral <i>vs</i> intra-articular bone marrow aspirate concentrate in primary osteoarthritis knee: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial protocol.","authors":"Arulkumar Nallakumarasamy, Sandeep Shrivastava, Ravi Velamoor Rangarajan, Naveen Jeyaraman, Swaminathan Ramasubramanian, Sathish Muthu, Madhan Jeyaraman","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.106020","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.106020","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Knee osteoarthritis (OA) imposes a substantial burden through pain, functional limitation, and progressive cartilage loss. Bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) has emerged as a promising regenerative therapy for OA due to its rich composition of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and bioactive factors. While intra-articular BMAC injections provide short-term symptomatic relief, recent literature suggests that targeting the subchondral bone-an area crucial to OA progression-may offer superior and longer-lasting clinical benefits.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;To compares the outcomes of subchondral &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt; intra-articular BMAC injections in patients with primary knee OA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In this unicentric, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial, 30 patients with radiologically confirmed primary knee OA (Kellgren-Lawrence grades II and III) will be equally randomized to receive either subchondral (Group A) or intra-articular (Group B) BMAC injections. BMAC will be harvested from the posterior iliac crest, processed using a standardized centrifugation protocol to yield a product with &gt; 85% cell viability, and administered under image guidance. The primary outcome is the change in pain intensity at 12 months as measured by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes include functional improvement assessed by Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scores, structural changes evaluated through advanced magnetic resonance imaging using (MRI) the whole-organ MRI Score, and safety as determined by the incidence of adverse events.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aims to evaluate pain reduction at 12 months post-injection, using the VAS as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes include functional improvement (KOOS, WOMAC, IKDC), cartilage regeneration (T2 cartigram), adverse event incidence, patient satisfaction (standardized questionnaires, Likert scale), and quality of life (EQ-5D). Ethical considerations follow the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice, with institutional review board approval and participant informed consent ensured. Confidentiality and data security comply with regulations, and a data safety monitoring board oversees trial safety. Results will be shared via peer-reviewed journals, presentations at international orthopedic conferences, and detailed summaries for stakeholders and participants. The trial is registered under clinical trial registry of India/2024/04/065284. Findings emphasize patient-centered advancements in knee osteoarthritis management.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;This trial aims to refine regenerative strategies for knee OA by comparing subchondral vs intra-articular BMAC injections, addressing long-term efficacy, safety, and treatment standardization to guide targeted interventions. This trial wil","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"15 3","pages":"106020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12781674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145954131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of short and long-term laboratory and instrumental findings in COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Tuscany.","authors":"Caterina Silvestri, Cristina Stasi, Francesco Profili, Simone Bartolacci, Emiliano Sessa, Danilo Tacconi, Liliana Villari, Laura Carrozzi, Francesco Dotta, Elena Bargagli, Sandra Donnini, Luca Masotti, Laura Rasero, Federico Lavorini, Francesco Pistelli, Davide Chimera, Alessandra Sorano, Miriana D'alessandro, Martina Pacifici, Caterina Milli, Fabio Voller","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.107220","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.107220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The World Health Organization defined long coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as the continuation or development of new symptoms 3 months after the initial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, with these symptoms lasting for at least 2 months with no other explanation.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the potential laboratory and instrumental findings (short-term and long-term) resulting from COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal observational COVID-19 cohort study (March 1, 2020-March 1, 2021) was carried out on patients ≥ 18 years old who were admitted to the University Hospitals of Pisa, Siena and Careggi and the Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Sud Est and USL Centro Toscana and were subjected to follow-up. Follow-up was conducted between 0 day and 89 days, 90 days and 179 days, 180 days and 269 days, 270 days and 359 days, and more than 360 days after hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 2887 patients (58.5% males, average age 66.2 years) hospitalized in the study period (March 1, 2020-March 1, 2021) carrying out at least one follow-up examination within 12 months of discharge, a total of 1739 patients (705 males, average age 66 years) underwent laboratory tests, of whom 714 patients (470 males, average age 63 years) underwent spirometry. Some laboratory test results remained above the threshold even at follow-up beyond 360 days (C-reactive protein: 36%, fibrin degradation fragment: 48.8%, gamma-glutamyl transferase: 16.8%), while others showed a return to normal range more quickly in almost all patients. Alterations in liver enzymes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, lymphocytes and neutrophils were associated with the risk of requiring oxygen therapy or forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity alterations at follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Alterations in liver enzymes, hematocrit or hemoglobin, lymphocytes and neutrophils were associated with risk outcomes (need for oxygen therapy or spirometry alterations). These imbalanced conditions may contribute to pulmonary dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"15 3","pages":"107220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12781665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145954185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential role of nanopharmacology in reducing neuroinflammation associated with hypertension and metabolic disorders.","authors":"Virna Margarita Martín Giménez, Sebastián García Menéndez, Raúl Lelio Sanz, Máximo Schiavone, Leon Ferder, Felipe Inserra, Walter Manucha","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.106743","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.106743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertension disrupts cerebral blood flow, leading to endothelial dysfunction, breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and inflammatory cell infiltration. This cascade triggers glial cell activation, increases oxidative stress, and causes pro-inflammatory cytokine release, creating a neurotoxic environment. In this context, we explore the intricate connection between hypertension, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration, as well as how hypertension interacts with other metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes, to further worsen neuroinflammation. Additionally, we discuss the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, the impact of the microbiome, and the potential contribution of chronic infections in exacerbating neuroinflammation. It is essential to emphasize the potential of nanotechnology to transform therapeutic approaches. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems can enhance the bioavailability and selectivity of antihypertensive drugs, antioxidants, and neuroprotective compounds, enabling targeted delivery across the BBB. By combining effective blood pressure management with nanotechnology-enabled therapies that modulate inflammation, oxidative stress, and protein aggregation, we can explore new avenues for preventing and treating hypertension and metabolic disorder-associated neurodegenerative conditions. Ultimately, hypertension significantly contributes to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration by promoting neuronal cell death, primarily through impaired cerebral blood flow and disruption of the BBB. The interaction of hypertension with metabolic disorders exacerbates these effects. However, advancements in our understanding and new technologies reveal promising nanopharmacological approaches for targeted drug delivery to the brain, thereby improving treatment outcomes, enhancing adherence, and reducing side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"15 3","pages":"106743"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12781661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145954076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of multi-drug-resistant organisms in a tertiary healthcare institute in North India: Implications for regional public health.","authors":"Harshita Singh, Ananya Ashwairya Patel, Pradeep Pandy, Balram Ji Omar, Amber Prasad, Vanya Singh, Prakhar Sharma, Mukesh Bairwa, Rakesh Kumar Sihag, Ashutosh Tiwari, Deepak Rajput, Manish Kulshrestha, Sandeep Saini, Ajay Kumar, Bhaskar Sarkar, Bhanu Duggal, Ankit Agarwal, Nidhi Kaeley, Gaurav Dhingra, Prakash Mahala, Vishnu Yesodharan, Himanshu Chauhan, Deepa Kumari, Suman Choudhary, Ashok K Sharma, Rakhi Yadav, Prasan Kumar Panda","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.107184","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.107184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an escalating global health threat, disproportionately impacting low-income and middle-income countries like India. The rise of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) complicates treatment, increases healthcare costs, and contributes to higher morbidity and mortality. In India, factors such as antibiotic misuse, over-the-counter availability, and self-medication have exacerbated this crisis. Despite the urgency, regional data on MDRO prevalence remains limited.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the burden and distribution of MDRO infections identified at a tertiary healthcare institute in North India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study analyzed inpatient data from All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Rishikesh using the E-hospital database from May 2021 to February 2024, except 2022. All inpatients with culture-confirmed MDRO infections were included. Patient charts and discharge summaries were reviewed. Data analysis was performed using Jamovi software, with descriptive statistics summarizing demographics. The <i>χ</i>² test was used to assess associations between MDROs and various factors. Ethical approval was obtained, and patient confidentiality was maintained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 820 participants having 1106 MDROs. The majority of patients were aged 35-64 years, with a male predominance (57.6%). Most cases were from Uttar Pradesh (49.1%) and Uttarakhand (47.6%), with Bijnor and Haridwar districts reporting the highest burden from their respective states. <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (<i>K. pneumoniae</i>) (30.6%), <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (16.7%), and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) (16.7%) were the most common MDROs. Urine was the most frequent sample type (51.0%), with <i>K. pneumoniae</i> as the leading pathogen. Infections varied significantly across departments (<i>P</i> < 0.001), with General Medicine and Surgery reporting the highest burden. <i>E. coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella spp.</i> were most prevalent in these departments respectively. MDRO prevalence fluctuated over time, with significant variations by quarter (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Following the second coronavirus disease 2019 wave, there was a rapid surge in MDROs, which stabilized after approximately three months. The overall mortality among patients harboring MDROs was 25.9%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the burden of MDROs among patients at AIIMS Rishikesh, with <i>K. pneumoniae</i> as the predominant pathogen. Strengthening antimicrobial stewardship and infection control measures is essential to combat rising AMR, with department-specific, and pathogen-specific stewardships.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"15 3","pages":"107184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12781631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145954171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating microRNAs and serum proteins in breast cancer patients: Diagnostic relevance and grade-specific expression patterns.","authors":"Safinaz E El-Toukhy, Heba K Nabih, Mahmoud M Kamel, Hossam Elmasry, Sherien M El-Daly","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.108034","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.108034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer is a prominent contributor to female cancer-related mortality. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are essential for effective management.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the diagnostic relevance of a panel of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) independently or in combination with other tumor biomarkers and evaluate their sensitivity and specificity in classifying breast cancer patients by grade.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the present study, we analyzed the aberrant expression of miR-21, miR-221, miR-1246, miR-145, and miR-382, in addition to the tumor biomarkers cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in breast cancer patients with varying grades.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results revealed distinct expression patterns of these miRNAs between grade II and III patients. Specifically, miR-21, miR-221, and miR-1246 were significantly elevated, while miR-145 and miR-382 were downregulated. Elevated serum levels of CA15-3 and 8-OHdG were observed in breast cancer patients compared to healthy controls, with CA15-3 showing greater diagnostic efficacy in differentiating between grades. Our study revealed strong correlations among evaluated miRNAs, suggesting their interconnected roles in breast cancer progression. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for all investigated miRNAs, with miR-21 and miR-1246 showing the highest diagnostic power for differentiating patients from healthy individuals and distinguishing breast cancer grades. Moreover, the combination of multiple miRNAs and conventional tumor biomarkers revealed enhanced diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that circulating miRNAs may play a significant role in distinguishing breast cancer patients based on tumor grade, with superior diagnostic performance over some tumor biomarkers, supporting the development of multi-analyte liquid biopsy approaches in the diagnostic process and personalized management of breast cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"15 3","pages":"108034"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12781697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145954190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytoplasmic and nuclear programmed death ligand 1 expression in peritumoral stromal cells in breast cancer: Prognostic and predictive value.","authors":"Evgeniya Yu Zubareva, Marina A Senchukova, Natalia V Saidler","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i2.102761","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i2.102761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer (BC) continues to occupy a leading position in terms of morbidity and mortality from malignant neoplasms among the female population. One of the promising markers associated with BC progression is programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Previously, we investigated PD-L1 expression in BC <i>via</i> a new antibody against programmed cell death protein 1 ligand 1 (PDCD1 LG1) and reported that high PDCD1 LG1 expression in tumor cells is an independent factor for a high risk of regional metastasis in patients with BC. However, the prognostic significance of PDCD1 LG1 expression in BC stromal cells has not been adequately studied.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To study the features of PDCD1 LG1 expression in BC stromal cells and its relationship with BC clinicopathological characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a prospective single-center observational study, tumor samples from 148 patients with newly diagnosed BC were examined. The tumor sections were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against PDCD1 LG1. In the tumor samples, the PDCD1 LG1-positive lymphocyte (PDCD1 LG1+ LF) score, presence of nuclear PDCD1 LG1 expression in the LFs, PDCD1 LG1 expression in polymorphic cell infiltrates (PDCD1 LG1+ polymorphic cell infiltrates [PCIs]), and cells of the fibroblastic stroma and endothelial cells of the tumor microvessels were assessed. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistica 10.0 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A PDCD1 LG1+ LF score ≥ 3 was detected more often at stages N0 and N3 than at N1 and N2 (<i>P</i> = 0.03). Moderate and pronounced PDCD1 LG1+ PCIs and the presence of PDCD1 LG1+ fibroblastic stroma were associated with negative estrogen receptor status (<i>P</i> = 0.0008 and <i>P</i> = 0.03, respectively), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) BC (<i>P</i> < 0.00001 and <i>P</i> = 0.0005), and luminal B HER2+, non-luminal HER2+ and triple-negative BC (<i>P</i> < 0.00001 and <i>P</i> = 0.004). The risk of metastasis to regional lymph nodes (RLNs) depend on lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and the PDCD1 LG1+ LF score. In the absence of LVI and a PDCD1 LG1+ LF score < 3 or ≥ 3, metastases in RLNs were absent in 66.6% and 93.9% of patients with BC, respectively. In the presence of LVI and a PDCD1 LG1+ LF score < 3 or ≥ 3, metastases in RLNs were detected in 82.6% and 92.7% of patients with BC, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results indicated that the combined assessment of the PDCD1 LG1+ LF score and LVI can improve the accuracy of predicting the risk of metastasis to RLNs in patients with BC.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"15 2","pages":"102761"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12019619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating fever of unknown origin definitions in a tertiary care setting: Implications for diagnostic criteria revision.","authors":"Pathik Dhangar, Prasan Kumar Panda, Ravi Kant, Rohit Gupta, Ruchi Dua, Ashutosh Tiwari, Sandeep Saini, Kavita Khoiwal, Yogesh Bahurupi","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i2.101388","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i2.101388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fever of unknown origin (FUO) remains a diagnostic challenge and was originally defined in 1961. Its classic criteria include fever ≥ 38.3 °C (≥ 101 °F) on multiple occasions, fever lasting three weeks or longer, and a diagnosis after one week of inpatient evaluation. However, these criteria may not fully encompass the varied clinical presentations seen in resource-limited settings such as India. The adaptation of FUO definitions to local healthcare contexts is crucial for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and optimizing patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the applicability of revised FUO criteria in a tertiary care setting in India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal-exploratory study at All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh (January 2018-December 2022) analyzed 228 adult patients with fever ≥ 99.1 °F lasting over three days. Patients diagnosed within three days of admission were excluded. Data were collected retrospectively and prospectively using predefined FUO definitions based on durations of nondiagnosis (3-21 days, > 21 days), temperature ranges (99.1 °F-100.9 °F, ≥ 101 °F), and hospitalization durations (3-7 days, > 7 days). Descriptive statistics and comparative tests (Fisher's exact test, <i>χ</i> ² test) evaluated outcomes across definitions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the proposed FUO definitions, Definition B (fever lasting 3-21 days, temperatures between 99.1 °F-100.9 °F, hospitalization > 7 days) predominated (40.8%), while only 2.2% met the classical criteria. Notably, 36.5% of Definition B patients remained undiagnosed after 7-10 days, despite 94% undergoing diagnostic workups within 21 days. Infection emerged as the leading etiology across definitions, without significant variation in outcomes or mortality during hospitalization (<i>χ</i> ² = 27.937, <i>P</i> = 0.142).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adapting FUO criteria to local contexts improves diagnostic accuracy and treatment. Definition B (40.8% prevalence) showed practical utility, with higher mortality in patients discharged on empirical 'Anti-tuberculosis therapy'.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"15 2","pages":"101388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12019626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"miRNA dysregulation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy comorbidities.","authors":"Subhashree Sivakumar, Archana Rajavel, Venkataraman Viswanathan, Evangeline Ann Daniel, Prakash Gangadaran, Raja Natesan Sella","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i2.100548","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i2.100548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. DMD is reported to coexist with other comorbidities, although the occurrence of the triad, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and epilepsy is very rare. Indeed, only one case of the triad has currently been reported. Here, we present a detailed case report of a ten-year-old boy with DMD, ASD, and epilepsy. We also investigated the dysregulation of miRNAs in this unusual triad (represented as DMD++) compared with a healthy individual and a DMD patient (represented as DMD+) without autism.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To understand the differential expression of miRNAs in rare comorbid DMD cases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Sequin Form Board test, Gesell's drawing test, multiplex ligation probe amplification, and Vineland Social Maturity Scale were applied to confirm the DMD and ASD. Total RNA was isolated from samples using TRIzol. cDNA was synthesized using the Mir-X™ miRNA First-Strand Synthesis kit. qRT-PCR was performed using SYBR Advantage qPCR Premix. The results were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's <i>t</i>-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>miR-146a-5p and miR-132-5p showed significant downregulation in both patient samples. miR-199a-5p and miR-146a-3p showed no change in expression between the diseased and controls. miR-132-3p showed downregulation only in the DMD+ sample (0.21 ± 0.04). The decrease in miR-132-3p can result in failed silencing of the phosphatase and tensin homolog-mediated apoptotic pathway, leading to severe skeletal muscle atrophy. Here, the downregulation of miR-132-3p in DMD+ is consistent with severe muscle loss and higher disease progression than that in DMD++. DMD++ has slower disease progression, and the expression of miRNA involved in inflammatory and apoptotic responses is more similar to that of the control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study shows marked difference in miRNA expression in this rare case of DMD with autism and epilepsy. These miRNAs also serve as regulators of several muscle regeneration, apoptosis, and inflammatory pathways. This study shows the significance of studying miRNAs in such rare cases in a larger cohort to progress in several intervention treatments utilizing miRNAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"15 2","pages":"100548"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12019623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-hypertensive effect of enriched white melon seed protein concentrate biscuit on sodium fluoride exposed rats.","authors":"Olamide Wilson Fasakin, Ayoola Awosika, Sanmi Tunde Ogunsanya, Iyanuoluwa Olushola Benson, Akinyode Isaac Olopoda","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i2.105798","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i2.105798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sodium fluoride (NaF) is a daily necessity consumed as the major ingredient of fluorinated drinking water, milk, salts, mouthwashes, toothpaste, and dentistry medications. However, the use of NaF products has also been associated with increased fluoride anion distribution in the body, leading to hypertension.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study evaluated the antihypertensive effect of sweet orange peels-enriched white melon seed protein concentrate (WSP) biscuit meal in eight-week-old albino rats exposed to NaF for 14 days.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-two (42) male Wistar albino rats were assigned at random into 7 groups of 6 rats per group (control group and six experimental groups). The experimental groups received various treatments that lasted for two weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, hemodynamic parameters were evaluated, rats were sacrificed, blood samples were collected, and the heart was harvested. Blood serum was assessed for cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). At the same time, the heart homogenate was assayed for angiotensin-1 converting enzyme (ACE) activity, proinflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide concentrations, and antioxidant status. Cardiac tissues were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, Masson's Trichrome, and cTnI. Also, the safety of the WSP biscuit diet was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results obtained showed that NaF administration elevated the collagen content of cardiac tissues, activities of ACE, and concentrations of cTnI, CK-MB, LDH, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 1 beta, while there was a reduction in the concentration of nitric oxide and antioxidants; however, their alterations were significantly prevented in WSP-biscuit-fed rats. The WSP biscuit meal is safe for consumption and possesses dose-dependent antihypertensive ability at 10% and 20% inclusion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The WSP biscuit diet may be recommended in diet formulation for the management of individuals or communities that are predisposed to NaF contaminations.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"15 2","pages":"105798"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12019614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers for tracking metabolic changes pre-post nutritional epigenetics diet/intervention to prevent autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders in children.","authors":"Renee J Dufault","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i2.101555","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v15.i2.101555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders is increasing worldwide. Recent studies suggest the excessive intake of ultra-processed food plays a role in the inheritance of these disorders <i>via</i> heavy metal exposures and nutritional deficits that impact the expression of genes. In the case of the metallothionein (MT) gene, biomarker studies show dietary zinc (Zn) deficits impact MT protein levels in children with autism and are associated with the bioaccumulation of lead and/or mercury in children exhibiting autism/attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders symptomology. The impact of dietary changes on lead and mercury exposures and <i>MT</i> gene behavior could be determined using a randomized test and control group design. Pregnant women serving in the test-group would participate in a nutritional epigenetics education intervention/course designed to reduce ultra-processed food intake and heavy metal levels in blood while increasing whole food intake and MT and Zn levels. Changes in maternal diet would be measured using data derived from an online diet survey administered to the test and control groups pre-post intervention. Changes in maternal lead, mercury, Zn, and MT levels would be measured <i>via</i> blood sample analyses prior to the intervention and after childbirth <i>via</i> cord blood analyses to determine infant risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"15 2","pages":"101555"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12019618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}