World journal of experimental medicine最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the impact of hepatitis B immunoglobulin and antiviral interventions to reduce vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus.","authors":"Dhita Prabasari Wibowo, Agustiningsih Agustiningsih, Sri Jayanti, Caecilia H C Sukowati, Korri Elvanita El Khobar","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i4.95960","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i4.95960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health burden. In HBV endemic regions, high prevalence is also correlated with the infections acquired in infancy through perinatal transmission or early childhood exposure to HBV, the so-called mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Children who are infected with HBV at a young age are at higher risk of developing chronic HBV infection than those infected as adults, which may lead to worse clinical outcome. To reduce the incidence of HBV MTCT, several interventions for the infants or the mothers, or both, are already carried out. This review explores the newest information and approaches available in literature regarding HBV MTCT prevalence and its challenges, especially in high HBV endemic countries. This covers HBV screening in pregnant women, prenatal intervention, infant immunoprophylaxis, and post-vaccination serological testing for children.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"14 4","pages":"95960"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11551711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of the impact of primary percutaneous coronary intervention on patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.","authors":"Ayrton I Bangolo, Nikita Wadhwani","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i4.94845","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i4.94845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This comprehensive analysis by Saeed and Faeq investigates the impact of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) on mortality among patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) at the Erbil Cardiac Center. Analyzing data from 96 consecutive STEMI patients, the study identified significant predictors of in-hospital mortality, emphasizing the critical impact of time of hospital arrival post-symptom onset on overall prognosis. Findings indicate that factors such as atypical presentation, cardiogenic shock, chronic kidney disease, and specific coronary complications are associated with higher mortality rates. The study underscores the necessity of prompt medical intervention for improving survival outcomes in STEMI patients, especially in the high-risk subgroup. This research offers valuable insights into optimizing STEMI management and enhancing patient survival rates through effective and timely pPCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"14 4","pages":"94845"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11551710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facing stress and inflammation: From the cell to the planet.","authors":"Jean-Marc Cavaillon, Irshad H Chaudry","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i4.96422","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i4.96422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As identified in 1936 by Hans Selye, stress is shaping diseases through the induction of inflammation. But inflammation display some yin yang properties. On one hand inflammation is merging with the innate immune response aimed to fight infectious or sterile insults, on the other hand inflammation favors chronic physical or psychological disorders. Nature has equipped the cells, the organs, and the individuals with mediators and mechanisms that allow them to deal with stress, and even a good stress (eustress) has been associated with homeostasis. Likewise, societies and the planet are exposed to stressful settings, but wars and global warming suggest that the regulatory mechanisms are poorly efficient. In this review we list some inducers of the physiological stress, psychologic stress, societal stress, and planetary stress, and mention some of the great number of parameters which affect and modulate the response to stress and render it different from an individual to another, from the cellular level to the societal one. The cell, the organ, the individual, the society, and the planet share many stressors of which the consequences are extremely interconnected ending in the domino effect and the butterfly effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"14 4","pages":"96422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11551703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melanocortin 4 receptor mutation in obesity.","authors":"Gumpeny R Sridhar, Lakshmi Gumpeny","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i4.99239","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i4.99239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity is increasingly prevalent worldwide, with genetic factors contributing to its development. The hypothalamic leptin-melanocortin pathway is central to the regulation of appetite and weight; leptin activates the proopiomelanocortin neurons, leading to the production of melanocortin peptides; these in turn act on melanocortin 4 receptors (MC4R) which suppress appetite and increase energy expenditure. MC4R mutations are responsible for syndromic and non-syndromic obesity. These mutations are classified based on their impact on the receptor's life cycle: <i>i.e.</i> null mutations, intracellular retention, binding defects, signaling defects, and variants of unknown function. Clinical manifestations of MC4R mutations include early-onset obesity, hyperphagia, and metabolic abnormalities such as hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia. Management strategies for obesity due to MC4R mutations have evolved with the development of targeted therapies such as Setmelanotide, an MC4R agonist which can reduce weight and manage symptoms without adverse cardiovascular effects. Future research directions must include expansion of population studies to better understand the epidemiology of MC4R mutations, exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying MC4R signaling, and development of new therapeutic agents. Understanding the interaction between MC4R and other genetic and environmental factors will be key to advancing both the prevention and treatment of obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"14 4","pages":"99239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11551707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autologous blood in the management of ocular surface disorders.","authors":"Ayuba Suleman, Gladness Aluyi-Osa, Folorunsho Ashipa, Leopoldo Spadea, Caterina Gagliano, Fabiana D'Esposito, Marco Zeppieri, Mutali Musa","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i4.96412","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i4.96412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autologous blood therapy has emerged as a promising modality in managing ocular surface disorders. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current literature regarding the use of autologous blood in ocular surface disorders, encompassing its physiological basis, clinical applications, techniques, challenges, and future perspectives. The ocular surface, comprising the cornea, conjunctiva, and tear film, plays a critical role in maintaining visual function, and its disruption can lead to various pathological conditions. With its rich composition of growth factors, cytokines, and other bioactive molecules, autologous blood offers therapeutic potential in promoting corneal wound healing, reducing inflammation, and improving tear film stability. Clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of autologous blood therapy in diverse ocular surface disorders, including persistent epithelial defects, neurotrophic keratopathy, and dry eye disease. However, challenges such as variability in treatment response, adverse effects, and optimal patient selection remain areas of concern. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action, refine treatment protocols, and explore synergistic approaches with other therapeutic modalities. Despite these challenges, autologous blood therapy holds promise as a valuable adjunctive treatment option for ocular surface disorders, offering new avenues for improving patient outcomes and quality of life. This review examines the mechanisms underlying ocular surface disorders while discussing existing autologous blood-based therapies for managing these disorders. Current clinical trials are also summarized, and a comparison between autologous blood therapy and conventional eyedrops is attempted. Finally, safe techniques and protocols for autologous blood medicine are elucidated, and adverse effects and future perspectives of this novel therapy are reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"14 4","pages":"96412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11551708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Familial hypercholesterolemia: Current limitations and future breakthroughs.","authors":"Ze Xiang, Jia-Rui Li, Wei-Min Wan, Shu-Hui Li, Jian Wu","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i4.99968","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i4.99968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels due to genetic mutations, presenting with xanthomas, corneal arch, and severe cardiovascular diseases. Early identification, diagnosis, and treatment are crucial to prevent severe complications like acute myocardial infarction. Statins are the primary treatment, supplemented by Ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, though their effectiveness can be limited in severe cases. Over 90% of FH cases remain undiagnosed, and current treatments are often inadequate, underscoring the need for improved diagnostic and management systems. Future strategies include advancements in gene testing, precision medicine, and novel drugs, along with gene therapy approaches like AAV-mediated gene therapy and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats. Lifestyle modifications, including health education, dietary control, and regular exercise, are essential for managing FH and preventing related diseases. Research into FH-related gene mutations, especially <i>LDLR</i>, is critical for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"14 4","pages":"99968"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11551698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oncometabolites in pancreatic cancer: Strategies and its implications.","authors":"Arunima Maiti, Susmita Mondal, Sounetra Choudhury, Arnab Bandopadhyay, Sanghamitra Mukherjee, Nilabja Sikdar","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i4.96005","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i4.96005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic cancer (PanCa) is a catastrophic disease, being third lethal in both the genders around the globe. The possible reasons are extreme disease invasiveness, highly fibrotic and desmoplastic stroma, dearth of confirmatory diagnostic approaches and resistance to chemotherapeutics. This inimitable tumor microenvironment (TME) or desmoplasia with excessive extracellular matrix accumulation, create an extremely hypovascular, hypoxic and nutrient-deficient zone inside the tumor. To survive, grow and proliferate in such tough TME, pancreatic tumor and stromal cells transform their metabolism. Transformed glucose, glutamine, fat, nucleotide metabolism and inter-metabolite communication between tumor and TME in synergism, impart therapy resistance, and immunosuppression in PanCa. Thus, a finer knowledge of altered metabolism would uncover its metabolic susceptibilities. These unique metabolic targets may help to device novel diagnostic/prognostic markers and therapeutic strategies for better management of PanCa. In this review, we sum up reshaped metabolic pathways in PanCa to formulate detection and remedial strategies of this devastating disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"14 4","pages":"96005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11551704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing aryl hydrocarbon receptor dynamics: Unveiling therapeutic pathways in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.","authors":"Chun-Han Cheng, Wen-Rui Hao, Tzu-Hurng Cheng","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i4.98599","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i4.98599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This editorial discusses the insightful minireview by Rahmati <i>et al</i>. The minireview delves into the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the development and progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, highlighting its potential as a promising therapeutic target. The authors concisely summarize the current understanding of how aryl hydrocarbon receptor modulation influences immune responses and the tumor microenvironment, offering fresh perspectives on therapeutic strategies. This editorial aimed to emphasize the significance of these findings and their potential impact on future research and clinical practices for the management of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"14 4","pages":"98599"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11551697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravitreal therapy for the management of diabetic retinopathy: A concise review.","authors":"Atul Arora, Arvind K Morya, Parul C Gupta, Nitin K Menia, Prateek Nishant, Vishali Gupta","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i4.99235","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i4.99235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and may result in irreversible visual loss. Laser treatment has been the gold standard treatment for diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy for many years. Of late, intravitreal therapy has emerged as a cornerstone in the management of DR. Among the diverse pharmacotherapeutic options, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents have demonstrated remarkable efficacy by attenuating neovascularization and reducing macular edema, thus preserving visual acuity in DR patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"14 4","pages":"99235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11551706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives on the extracellular matrix in inflammatory bowel disease and bowel decellularization protocols.","authors":"Caroline Bures de Paulo, Maria Angelica Miglino, Patricia Castelucci","doi":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i4.97179","DOIUrl":"10.5493/wjem.v14.i4.97179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a non-cellular three-dimensional structure present in all tissues that is essential for the intestinal maintenance, function and structure, as well as for providing physical support for tissue integrity and elasticity. ECM enables the regulation of various processes involved in tissue homeostasis, being vital for healing, growth, migration and cell differentiation. Structurally, ECM is composed of water, polysaccharides and proteins, such as collagen fibers and proteoglycans, which are specifically arranged for each tissue. In pathological scenarios, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the deposition and remodeling of the ECM can be altered in relation to the homeostatic composition. IBD, such as Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, can be differentiated according to ECM alterations, such as circulating levels of collagen, laminin and vimentin neoepitopes. In this context, ECM presents particularities in both physiological and pathological processes, however, exploring methods of tissue decellularization is emerging as a promising frontier for new therapeutic interventions and clinical protocols, promoting the development of new approaches to intestinal diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":75340,"journal":{"name":"World journal of experimental medicine","volume":"14 4","pages":"97179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11551702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}