Theriogenology wild最新文献

{"title":"Characterization of semen of Baryancistrus xanthellus Rapp Py-Daniel, Zuanon & Ribeiro de Oliveira, 2011 (Siluriformes, Loricariidae), an endemic catfish species from the Xingu River, Pará, Brazil","authors":"Fábio José Torres de Barros ,&nbsp;George Shigueki Yasui ,&nbsp;Alice Xavier Soares ,&nbsp;Eris de Paula Amorim ,&nbsp;Thaís Pereira Nascimento ,&nbsp;Marina Pereira da Silva ,&nbsp;Michel Martins Bandeira ,&nbsp;Edilberto Leonardo Costa Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Thaís da Silva Lopes ,&nbsp;Leandro Melo de Sousa","doi":"10.1016/j.therwi.2025.100138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.therwi.2025.100138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Baryancistrus xanthellus</em> is an endemic species of the Xingu River, known as “Gold Nugget Pleco”. Its color pattern arouses interest in the aquarium fish trade, making this species highly valued in the global market. Its natural populations suffer ecological impacts due to overfishing and environmental changes especially by the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant. Despite its economic and ecological relevance, conservation efforts including, artificial breeding, becomes necessary, although no record of artificial breeding. The objective of this study is to analyze the sperm characteristics of wild-caught <em>Baryancistrus xanthellus</em> to support ex-situ conservation strategies and facilitate the development of technologies and studies related to the species' reproduction. For this purpose, 10 adult mature males (weight 315.3 ± 17.48 g; standard length 23.06 ± 0.69 cm) were collected during the spawning season (October 2022 to February 2023). Seminal samples were collected without hormonal treatment for using a 1000-µm pipette in the urogenital papillae, and immediately diluted in immobilizing solution. Sperm activation achieved by a 11-fold dilution using distilled water, and motility analysis was conducted using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) from video sequences obtained from the microscope. Data were analyzed considering the significance value of <em>P</em> &lt; <em>0.05</em>, with ANOVA succeeded by Pearson’s correlation test. Surprisingly, the species presented motility duration of 424.80 ± 278.40 s, with a significant decrease on motility after 180 s. Negative correlations were observed between sperm abnormalities, motility and kinetic patterns. However, abnormalities in the midpiece of spermatozoa seem to impair the percentage motile spermatozoa. Males released 75.00 ± 60.09 µL of semen and sperm concentration was 1.10 ± 0.93 × 10⁷ sptz.mL⁻¹. Our study demonstrated that it is possible to collect semen from wild-caught <em>Baryancistrus xanthellus</em> during spawning season, and no hormonal treatment is necessary. A progressive motility of long duration was observed in the species, suggesting good fertilization capacity. All the results showed above are innovative, and the first step for future conservation efforts including germplasm conservation and subsequent <em>in vitro</em> fertilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":75220,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology wild","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When to cryopreserve and when to let it go? A systematic review of priorities in wild animal cryobanking","authors":"James Edward Brereton ,&nbsp;Sarah Louise Spooner ,&nbsp;Susan L. Walker ,&nbsp;Andrew Mooney ,&nbsp;Philippe Wilson ,&nbsp;Gabriela F. Mastromonaco ,&nbsp;Elena Hunter ,&nbsp;Samuel White","doi":"10.1016/j.therwi.2025.100119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.therwi.2025.100119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With increasing numbers of species threatened with extinction, collecting and conserving living samples is important for the long-term conservation of animal populations. Globally, many cryobanks have been developed to preserve animal tissues for future use in wildlife conservation. However, to date, there has been no attempt to review the purpose, priorities and direction of these cryobanks. A systematic review was undertaken using Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar to determine the most common priorities identified in the cryobanking literature. The types of species being recommended for cryobanking, cell types, and recommended numbers of samples and number of individuals were also recorded for cryobanking efforts. Overall, 13,287 papers were identified, of which 794 were selected for full-text review. For wildlife, the most frequently cited priority was to select based on threat level, with convenience sampling and genetic diversity featuring as the second and third most common priorities. In terms of cell type, sperm featured most frequently in cryobanking literature, potentially due to its ease of use in animal breeding programmes. Somatic cells and stem cells featured more commonly in more recently published literature. Looking ahead, cryobanks should consider their priorities and records to ensure they are collecting samples with a meaningful use for future conservation efforts. Greater collaboration between cryobanks can aid in important sample acquisition and storage and in sharing cryopreservation priorities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":75220,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology wild","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osmotic tolerance and cryopreservation of Jamaican fruit bat (Artibeus jamaicensis) sperm","authors":"Elisha Xiao-Kim ,&nbsp;James K. Graham ,&nbsp;Tony Schountz ,&nbsp;Jennifer P. Barfield","doi":"10.1016/j.therwi.2024.100118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.therwi.2024.100118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assisted reproductive technologies will become increasingly important to preserve bat genetics to prevent the extinction of bat species and provide biomedical models for viral and disease research. However, little is known regarding the ability to preserve bat genetics, including sperm. These experiments were conducted to determine some of the physiological properties of sperm from the Jamaican fruit bat (<em>Artibeus Jamaican’s</em>), and develop a protocol to effectively cryopreserve these sperm. Experiments were conducted to determine the osmotic tolerance of bat sperm, using flow cytometry, to determine how well bat sperm can withstand the osmotic challenges they must endure during the cryopreservation process. Additional experiments tested various cryoprotectants to determine which cryoprotectant preserved sperm most efficiently; and finally, if cryopreserved sperm maintained functionality by binding to the perivitelline membrane. Jamaican fruit bat sperm exhibit a wide osmotic tolerance; greater than 50 % of the sperm survive when exposed to very low (0 mOsm) or very high (1.2 M) osmolalities. In addition, the sperm are not sensitive to cold-shock damage, and can be cooled from room temperature to 5 ºC very quickly while retaining viability. Finally, preserving the cells, using a combination of glycerol and either methyl formamide (MF) or dimethyl formamide (DMF) as the cryoprotectant, resulted in higher percentages of motile sperm (54 %) than sperm frozen in glycerol alone (35 %; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Interestingly, the percentages of sperm with intact membranes following cryopreservation were similar for all cryoprotectant treatments (58–67 %; <em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). Our ability to test sperm functionality after cryopreservation was limited to testing the sperm’s ability to bind the perivitelline membrane, in which higher numbers of sperm cryopreserved with glycerol + MF bound to the membrane (19.6 ± 5.5) than sperm cryopreserved in glycerol alone (12.0 ± 5.2; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, Jamaican fruit bat sperm can effectively withstand membrane damage caused by osmotic issues and cold shock. In addition, bat sperm cryopreserved with a combination of glycerol and amides maintain higher percentages of motile cells, than sperm cryopreserved in glycerol alone; and cryopreserved sperm maintained their ability to bind to the perivitelline membrane.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":75220,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology wild","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case report: Documenting intrauterine single twin death in the European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)","authors":"Sara Elsafadi ,&nbsp;Sandra Milena Bernal-Ulloa ,&nbsp;Reto Giacometti ,&nbsp;Frank Göritz ,&nbsp;Thomas Hildebrandt ,&nbsp;Susanne E. Ulbrich","doi":"10.1016/j.therwi.2025.100130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.therwi.2025.100130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This case report presents a rare occurrence of an intrauterine single twin demise in a captive European roe deer (<em>Capreolus capreolus</em>), representing to the best of our knowledge the first documented instance of this phenomenon in a wildlife species. Ultrasound examination of the reproductive organs of a twin-pregnant doe revealed that one twin was smaller and showed an absent heartbeat compared to the other twin. The viable twin displayed normal development and birth, while the dead twin exhibited signs of intrauterine fetal death. This phenomenon of single twin demise in an ungulate species known for its ability to undergo embryonic diapause highlights the importance of understanding reproductive anomalies in wildlife. Such findings enhance our knowledge of reproductive biology and have implications for wildlife conservation and captive breeding practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":75220,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology wild","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving reproductive technologies for the conservation of the European mink (Mustela lutreola)","authors":"Sonia Ariznavarreta-Alzu ,&nbsp;Carmen Aranda ,&nbsp;Adolfo Toledano-Díaz ,&nbsp;Rosario Velázquez ,&nbsp;Cristina Castaño ,&nbsp;Esther Alba ,&nbsp;Julián Santiago-Moreno","doi":"10.1016/j.therwi.2025.100137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.therwi.2025.100137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The European mink (<em>Mustela lutreola</em>) is the most endangered mammal in Europe. The limited success of its breeding under captive conditions highlights the need to develop appropriate assisted reproduction techniques. In this work, sperm was collected by post-mortem epididymal flushing, by transrectal massage, and by electroejaculation in males administered (or not) oxytocin (0.2 IU i.m.). Morphometric analysis of the sperm heads was performed, comparing spermatozoa retrieved from the cauda epididymides with those collected from ejaculates. Artificial insemination was performed in eight females, and faecal assays of dihydrotestosterone, progestagens and estrogens were carried out. Oxytocin administration improved (P &lt; 0.05) the electroejaculation process in terms of the time and number of electrical stimuli required (P &lt; 0.05); it also improved sperm motility (P &lt; 0.05). The heads of ejaculated sperm were larger than those of epididymal sperms (P &lt; 0.05). Endocrine analyses revealed pseudopregnancy in the inseminated females, possibly due to the use of hCG to induce ovulation. A delay in the timing of insemination relative to ovulation might explain why true pregnancy was not achieved. The present results show that faecal estrogens are a useful marker for determining the most suitable moment to perform artificial insemination. The administration of oxytocin is recommended to improve the electroejaculation procedure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":75220,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology wild","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A potential alternative entire culture system for psittacine embryos and the establishment of a detailed embryonal development table of cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus)","authors":"Alexandra Hampe ,&nbsp;Benjamin Schusser ,&nbsp;Jessica Link ,&nbsp;Michael Lierz","doi":"10.1016/j.therwi.2025.100123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.therwi.2025.100123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to establish an easy-to-use, alternative culture system for oocytes of endangered bird species (psittacids), allowing further oocyte cultivation without its eggshell from oviposition onwards. In such a culture system, eggs of endangered bird species can be cultivated despite defective eggshells, and the associated losses are minimized. It is also possible to conduct research and manipulations on the available germinal disc. Despite many efficient alternative breeding systems, especially for chicken and quail eggs, very few systems efficiently allow the entire embryonic development in a single design from egg laying to hatching. After successfully adaptation of a known an one-stage, alternative culture system with a replacement shell (surrogate) in chicken oocytes, this system was transferred to the smaller oocytes of cockatiels as a model species for psittacids. For better comparability of the culture system results, the Hamburger and Hamilton (1951) stages of classification were established for the cockatiel using 139 freshly laid cockatiel eggs. Afterwards, 68 freshly laid, fertilized cockatiel oocytes were cultured in quail surrogates. The development rate of the oocytes in this system was 89.7 %. Most developmental stages died before hatching. Though, one egg developed until the hatching of a chick and some until shortly before (four vital oocytes of 68 on incubation day 16). The median development of this oocytes was between the 3rd and 4th day of incubation (Hamburger and Hamilton stage 19). From the current point of view, this is the first described application of an alternative, complete culture system to a non-domesticated bird species in the available literature. However, improvement of the method is necessary to use this system in routine applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":75220,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology wild","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proximal-distal anatomical relationships between spermatocysts (Sertoli – germ cell units) and eosinophilic immune system elements in the shark testis: A comparative study of the Greenland shark and thresher shark","authors":"Leon Mendel McClusky","doi":"10.1016/j.therwi.2025.100128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.therwi.2025.100128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite lacking a voluminous testis-associated lymphomyeloid tissue (epigonal organ) in adulthood, the far distally located non-spermatogenic tissue of the wild-captured Greenland shark (<em>Somniosus microcephalus)</em> houses loosely circumscribed, granulocyte-liberating epigonal cell patches<strong>.</strong> These dynamic patches of epigonal cells are coincident with the differentiation and subsequent distribution of two types of intravascular and extravascular eosinophilic granulocytes in the expansive non-spermatogenic tissue, and in the interstitium of notably premeiotic and meiotic stages of spermatogenesis. Their sparse numbers, discreet occurrence, and as a rule within the vicinity of a blood vessel in all examined tissue samples, including a 1960s archival collection of tissues, are indicative of diapedesis whereupon they become ensconced in the tight interstitial spaces of spermatocysts (stage-synchronized germ and Sertoli cell clones)<strong>.</strong> By comparison, an anatomically robust and intimate testis – epigonal association in the thresher shark does not correlate with any type of granulocyte in the testicular parenchyma nor its vasculature, despite that the most proximal eosinophilic epigonal cells nearly abut the basement membrane of some of its spermatozoal cysts (the only cyst stage to reveal this). These findings in <em>Somniosus</em> are discussed in relation to the previously reported protracted phase of disordered internal cellular organization of the Greenland shark’s spermatogonial cysts due to incompletely differentiated Sertoli supportive functions for what should be well-advancing spermatogonial generations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":75220,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology wild","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The epididymal microenvironment in Akodon cursor (Muridae, Sigmodontinae, Akodontini): The lifetime of spermatozoa from production to maturation","authors":"Tatiana Prata Menezes ,&nbsp;Fernanda Carolina Ribeiro Dias ,&nbsp;Nara Clara Lazaroni e Merchid ,&nbsp;Camila Folly Batista ,&nbsp;Camilo Jose Ramirez-Lopez ,&nbsp;Arabela Guedes de Azevedo Viana ,&nbsp;Renner Philipe Rodrigues Carvalho ,&nbsp;Adrielli Ribeiro Araújo ,&nbsp;José Lino-Neto ,&nbsp;Gisele Lessa ,&nbsp;Arlindo A. Moura ,&nbsp;Mariana Machado-Neves","doi":"10.1016/j.therwi.2025.100120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.therwi.2025.100120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sperm fertility in mammals depends on the complexity of several physiological events. The male gamete is produced in the testis and matured in the epididymis, which requires an adequate environment for sperm maturation and survival. This study focused on characterizing the sperm morphology of the small wild rodent <em>Akodon cursor</em> and describing the epididymal environment supporting sperm maturation. Eight <em>A. cursor</em> males were captured from a preserved area of the Atlantic Forest in Viçosa (MG, Brazil). The epididymides were processed for histological, functional, and proteomic analyses, besides sperm quality evaluation. Data were submitted to ANOVA and the <em>post hoc</em> Tukey's test (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The length of <em>A. cursor</em> sperm was 52.71 ± 0.79 μm (mean ± SD), with 5.12 ± 0.07 μm corresponding to the nucleus. Sperm motility and vigor were 45.6 % ± 2.9 and 2.9 ± 0.2, respectively. The duration of sperm transit time in the epididymis was 2.75 ± 0.22 days. Histomorphometrically, the distal cauda had the highest tubular and luminal diameter, whereas the epithelial height was higher in the initial segment than in the other regions. Proteomic analysis identified 56 proteins in the proximal epididymal regions of <em>A. cursor</em> related to crucial processes, including cellular homeostasis, flagellar elongation, and the elimination of defective sperm during epididymal transit. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying sperm maturation in this species. In conclusion, the epididymis of <em>A. cursor</em> shares similarities with other rodent species but exhibits unique characteristics, such as shorter sperm transit time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":75220,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology wild","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143288566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key reproductive insights of captive female asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Nepal","authors":"Grihamani Nepal ,&nbsp;Bhuminand Devkota ,&nbsp;Gokarna Gautam ,&nbsp;Himal Luitel ,&nbsp;Chet Raj Pathak ,&nbsp;Amir Sadaula ,&nbsp;Bijaya Kumar Shrestha ,&nbsp;Kamal Prasad Gairhe ,&nbsp;Kiran Raj Rijal","doi":"10.1016/j.therwi.2025.100124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.therwi.2025.100124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Asian elephants are classified as endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. Its population has declined by an estimated 50 percent over the past 75 years and captivity is one of the several reasons. This study aimed to assess key reproductive parameters of captive Asian elephants in Nepal, including fertility status, age at first calving, inter-calving interval, calving seasonality, calf sex ratio, and associated reproductive issues. Data were collected between May and October 2024 from 96 captive female elephants in five protected areas using standardized questionnaire surveys and retrospective records from 1985 to 2024. Among these, only 76 elephants were found matured (10–82 years of age)and became part of this study.A total of 50 % (38/76) elephants had a history of conception and calving, producing 100 calves. The earliest calving age was 11 years, with a maximum of seven parities observed in a single elephant, and one case of twin births. The average age at first calving was 5447 ± 1344 days (14 years 11 months 7 days), while the average inter-calving interval was 1543 ± 771 days (4 years 2 months 23 days). The male-to-female calf ratio was 1.5, and calf survivability was 85 %. Calving was the highest in spring(31 %), followed by autumn (26 %), winter (23 %) and summer (20 %). Dystocia, abortions and neonatal mortality were the major reproductive complications.These findings provide critical insights into the reproductive dynamics of captive Asian elephants, offering valuable information for improving their management and addressing reproductive challenges to support conservation efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":75220,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology wild","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of staining protocols to assess sperm viability in cockatiels (Nymphycus hollandicus)","authors":"D. Fischer ,&nbsp;A. Bublat ,&nbsp;A. Wehrend ,&nbsp;M. Lierz","doi":"10.1016/j.therwi.2025.100129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.therwi.2025.100129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The assessment of sperm viability belongs to the core elements of semen analysis in human and veterinary andrology. In avian medicine various live/dead stains and protocols have been evaluated in a number of commercial poultry and companion bird species. However, viability results are known to differ largely between avian species and the used stains and protocols. Therefore, species specific comparisons of live/dead stains are required, which are absent in numerous bird orders. The aim of this study was to compare the conventional live/dead stains eosin blue 2<strong>%</strong> (EB), eosin yellow-nigrosin 10<strong>%</strong> (EYN), eosin blue-nigrosin 5<strong>%</strong> (EBN), bromphenol blue nigrosin (BBN) and the fluorescence stain SYBR green - propidium iodide (SYBR-PI) in spermatozoa of cockatiels as model for psittacine species. The latter comparison was performed conventionally via cell count as well as using a computer-assisted semen analyzer (CASA). Moreover, all viability stains were correlated to sperm motility values of the same sample, as this has been suggested as suitable method to validate sperm viability. Pairwise comparison between the motility values and the viability values of EB, EYN, EBN, BBN, SYBR-PI were performed immediately, 24 hours and 48 hours after semen collection. Progressive motility values (PMOT) correlated significantly (p &lt; 0.05) with all viability results immediately after semen collection, but PMOT after 24 hours and general motility values only with EB and SYBR/PI. In microscopy EB and SYBR were judged as best suited, because alive and damaged spermatozoa could be effectively distinguished. Conventional and computer-assisted analysis using SYBR/PI demonstrated significant and strong correlations (r_s = 0.939; p &lt; 0.0001). The results of this study, suggest EB and SYBR/PI as suitable stains for viability assessment in cockatiels, while EYN and EBN is not recommendable and BBN seems not suitable at all in psittacine spermatozoa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":75220,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology wild","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}