The review of international organizations最新文献_第9页

Expanding or defending legitimacy? Why international organizations intensify self-legitimation 扩大还是捍卫合法性?为什么国际组织加强自我合法化

The review of international organizations Pub Date : 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11558-023-09498-0

Henning Schmidtke, Tobias Lenz

{"title":"Expanding or defending legitimacy? Why international organizations intensify self-legitimation","authors":"Henning Schmidtke, Tobias Lenz","doi":"10.1007/s11558-023-09498-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-023-09498-0","url":null,"abstract":"Recent decades have seen an intensification of international organizations’ (IOs) attempts to justify their authority. The existing research suggests that IO representatives have scaled up self-legitimation to defend their organizations’ legitimacy in light of public criticism. In contrast, this article demonstrates that IOs intensify self-legitimation to mobilize additional support from relevant audiences when their authority increases. We argue that self-legitimation aims primarily to achieve proactive legitimacy expansion instead of reactive legitimacy protection. We develop this argument in three steps. First, we draw on organizational sociology and management studies to theorize the connection between self-legitimation and an organization’s life stages. Second, we introduce a novel dataset on the self-legitimation of 28 regional IOs between 1980 and 2019 and show that the intensity of self-legitimation evolves in phases. Third, we provide a multivariate statistical analysis and a brief vignette on the African Union, both of which indicate that IOs that shift from unanimity or consensus to majority voting tend to intensify self-legitimation.","PeriodicalId":75182,"journal":{"name":"The review of international organizations","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50164801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Environmental agreements as clubs: Evidence from a new dataset of trade provisions 作为俱乐部的环境协议:来自贸易条款新数据集的证据

The review of international organizations Pub Date : 2023-07-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11558-023-09495-3

Jean-Frédéric Morin, Clara Brandi, Jakob Schwab

{"title":"Environmental agreements as clubs: Evidence from a new dataset of trade provisions","authors":"Jean-Frédéric Morin, Clara Brandi, Jakob Schwab","doi":"10.1007/s11558-023-09495-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-023-09495-3","url":null,"abstract":"Creating intergovernmental environmental clubs is a prominent policy proposal for addressing global environmental problems. According to their proponents, environmental clubs provide an incentive to join them and accept their environmental obligations by generating exclusive “club goods” for their members. Yet, the existing literature considers environmental clubs as a theoretical idea that still has to be put into practice. This article asks whether, in fact, the numerous international environmental agreements (IEAs) containing trade-related provisions provide club goods to their parties. It does so by investigating the effects of these provisions on trade flows among parties compared to flows with non-parties. We introduce an original dataset on 48 types of trade provisions in 2,097 IEAs that we make available with the publication of this article. Based on this new data and a panel of worldwide bilateral trade flows, we find evidence that existing IEAs and their trade-liberalizing content are associated with increased trade among their parties relative to trade with non-parties. We conclude from this finding that systems of IEAs provide club goods to their parties. Uncovering the existence of environmental clubs has significant methodological and policy implications. It is an important first step for future research on the actual effectiveness of clubs in attracting participation and raising environmental standards.\u0000","PeriodicalId":75182,"journal":{"name":"The review of international organizations","volume":"29 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50165100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Migration governance through trade agreements: insights from the MITA dataset 通过贸易协定的迁移治理:来自MITA数据集的见解

The review of international organizations Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11558-023-09493-5

S. Lavenex, Philip Lutz, Paula Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik

引用次数: 1

Chris Humphrey. 2022. Financing the Future: Multilateral Development Banks in the Changing World Order of the 21st Century. (Oxford: Oxford University Press). Laura Francesca Peitz. 2023. The Dual Nature of Multilateral Development Banks: Balancing Development and Financial Logics. (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press) 克里斯·汉弗莱，2022年。为未来融资:21世纪变化中的世界秩序中的多边开发银行。(牛津:牛津大学出版社)。劳拉·弗朗西斯卡·佩茨，2023年。多边开发银行的双重性:平衡发展与金融逻辑。(英国剑桥:剑桥大学出版社)

The review of international organizations Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.1007/s11558-023-09496-2

Christopher Kilby

引用次数: 0

The politics of international testing 国际测试的政治

The review of international organizations Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.1007/s11558-023-09494-4

Rie Kijima, Phillip Y. Lipscy

{"title":"The politics of international testing","authors":"Rie Kijima, Phillip Y. Lipscy","doi":"10.1007/s11558-023-09494-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-023-09494-4","url":null,"abstract":"How does quantifying and ranking national performance influence state behavior? Cross-national assessments in education, such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) promoted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), have become increasingly prominent in recent years. However, cross-national assessments are politically contentious, and their impact remains underexplored. We argue that assessment participation has a meaningful, positive impact on education outcomes and evaluate three hypotheses related to elite, domestic, and transnational mechanisms. Our mixed-method approach draws on a panel dataset covering all cross-national assessments and all countries as well as an original survey of education officials directly responsible for planning and implementation in 46 countries. We find that assessment participation increases net secondary enrollment rates even after accounting for potential self-selection. The magnitude of this increase is large: on a global basis, it is equivalent to improved access to higher education for 27–32 million students annually. The empirical evidence suggests elite-level mechanisms are primarily responsible for these findings.","PeriodicalId":75182,"journal":{"name":"The review of international organizations","volume":"28 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50165103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introducing the Intergovernmental Policy Output Dataset (IPOD). 介绍政府间政策产出数据集。

The review of international organizations Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11558-023-09492-6

Magnus Lundgren, Theresa Squatrito, Thomas Sommerer, Jonas Tallberg

{"title":"Introducing the Intergovernmental Policy Output Dataset (IPOD).","authors":"Magnus Lundgren, Theresa Squatrito, Thomas Sommerer, Jonas Tallberg","doi":"10.1007/s11558-023-09492-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11558-023-09492-6","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing recognition that international organizations (IOs) formulate and adopt policy in a wide range of areas. IOs have emerged as key venues for states seeking joint solutions to contemporary challenges such as climate change or COVID-19, and to establish frameworks to bolster trade, development, security, and more. In this capacity, IOs produce both extraordinary and routine policy output with a multitude of purposes, ranging from policies of historic significance like admitting new members to the more mundane tasks of administering IO staff. This article introduces the Intergovernmental Policy Output Dataset (IPOD), which covers close to 37,000 individual policy acts of 13 multi-issue IOs in the 1980-2015 period. The dataset fills a gap in the growing body of literature on the comparative study of IOs, providing researchers with a fine-grained perspective on the structure of IO policy output and data for comparisons across time, policy areas, and organizations. This article describes the construction and coverage of the dataset and identifies key temporal and cross-sectional patterns revealed by the data. In a concise illustration of the dataset's utility, we apply models of punctuated equilibria in a comparative study of the relationship between institutional features and broad policy agenda dynamics. Overall, the Intergovernmental Policy Output Dataset offers a unique resource for researchers to analyze IO policy output in a granular manner and to explore questions of responsiveness, performance, and legitimacy of IOs.Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11558-023-09492-6.","PeriodicalId":75182,"journal":{"name":"The review of international organizations","volume":" ","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10242228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9769884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The comparative constitutional compliance database 比较宪法遵从数据库

The review of international organizations Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11558-023-09491-7

Jerg Gutmann, Katarzyna Metelska-Szaniawska, Stefan Voigt

{"title":"The comparative constitutional compliance database","authors":"Jerg Gutmann, Katarzyna Metelska-Szaniawska, Stefan Voigt","doi":"10.1007/s11558-023-09491-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-023-09491-7","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces a novel database that measures governments’ compliance with national constitutions. It combines information on de jure constitutional rules with data on their de facto implementation. The individual compliance indicators can be grouped into four categories that we aggregate into an overall indicator of constitutional compliance: property rights and the rule of law, political rights, civil rights, and basic human rights. The database covers 175 countries over the period 1900 to 2020 and can be used by researchers interested in studying the determinants or the effects of (non)compliance with constitutions. Our investigation of the stylized facts of constitutional compliance reveals a long-term increase in compliance, which occurred primarily around the year 1990. The Americas experienced the steepest increase in compliance, but also Africa and Europe improved particularly at the end of the Cold War. Democracies – particularly those with parliamentary and mixed systems – show more constitutional compliance than nondemocracies, among which military dictatorships perform the worst. Constitutional design also matters: Constitutions that allow for the dismissal of the head of state or government for violating constitutional rules are being complied with more.","PeriodicalId":75182,"journal":{"name":"The review of international organizations","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50165108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Public preferences for international law compliance: Respecting legal obligations or conforming to common practices? 公众对遵守国际法的偏好:尊重法律义务还是遵循惯例?

The review of international organizations Pub Date : 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11558-023-09487-3

Saki Kuzushima, Kenneth Mori McElwain, Yuki Shiraito

{"title":"Public preferences for international law compliance: Respecting legal obligations or conforming to common practices?","authors":"Saki Kuzushima, Kenneth Mori McElwain, Yuki Shiraito","doi":"10.1007/s11558-023-09487-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-023-09487-3","url":null,"abstract":"Despite significant debate about the ability of international law to constrain state behavior, recent research points to domestic mechanisms that deter non-compliance, most notably public disapproval of governments that violate treaty agreements. However, existing studies have not explicitly differentiated two distinct, theoretically important motivations that underlie this disapproval: respect for legal obligations versus the desire to follow common global practices. We design an innovative survey experiment in Japan that manipulates information about these two potential channels directly. We examine attitudes towards four controversial practices that fall afoul of international law—same-surname marriage, whaling, hate speech regulation, and capital punishment—and find that the legal obligation cue has a stronger effect on respondent attitudes than the common practices cue. We also show subgroup differences based on partisanship and identification with global civil society. These results demonstrate that the legal nature of international law is crucial to domestic compliance pull.","PeriodicalId":75182,"journal":{"name":"The review of international organizations","volume":"26 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50165116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The performance of international organizations: a new measure and dataset based on computational text analysis of evaluation reports 国际组织绩效:基于评估报告计算文本分析的新测度和数据集

The review of international organizations Pub Date : 2023-05-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11558-023-09489-1

Steffen Eckhard, Vytautas Jankauskas, Elena Leuschner, Ian Burton, Tilman Kerl, Rita Sevastjanova

{"title":"The performance of international organizations: a new measure and dataset based on computational text analysis of evaluation reports","authors":"Steffen Eckhard, Vytautas Jankauskas, Elena Leuschner, Ian Burton, Tilman Kerl, Rita Sevastjanova","doi":"10.1007/s11558-023-09489-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-023-09489-1","url":null,"abstract":"International organizations (IOs) of the United Nations (UN) system publish around 750 evaluation reports per year, offering insights on their performance across project, program, institutional, and thematic activities. So far, it was not feasible to extract quantitative performance measures from these text-based reports. Using deep learning, this article presents a novel text-based performance metric: We classify individual sentences as containing a negative, positive, or neutral assessment of the evaluated IO activity and then compute the share of positive sentences per report. Content validation yields that the measure adequately reflects the underlying concept of performance; convergent validation finds high correlation with human-provided performance scores by the World Bank; and construct validation shows that our measure has theoretically expected results. Based on this, we present a novel dataset with performance measures for 1,082 evaluated activities implemented by nine UN system IOs and discuss avenues for further research.","PeriodicalId":75182,"journal":{"name":"The review of international organizations","volume":"26 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50165118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Can IOs influence attitudes about regulating "Big Tech"? IOs能否影响监管“大科技”的态度？

The review of international organizations Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.1007/s11558-023-09490-8

Terrence L Chapman, Huimin Li

{"title":"Can IOs influence attitudes about regulating \"Big Tech\"?","authors":"Terrence L Chapman, Huimin Li","doi":"10.1007/s11558-023-09490-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11558-023-09490-8","url":null,"abstract":"Can international organizations (IOs) influence attitudes about regulating \"Big Tech?\" Recent tech sector activity engenders multiple concerns, including the appropriate use of user data and monopolistic business practices. IOs have entered the debate, advocating for increased regulations to protect digital privacy and often framing the issue as a threat to fundamental human rights. Does this advocacy matter? We hypothesize individuals that score high on measures of internationalism will respond positively to calls for increased regulation that come from IOs and INGOs. We further predict Liberals and Democrats will be more receptive to IO and NGO messaging, especially when it emphasizes human rights, while Conservatives and Republicans will be more receptive to messaging from domestic institutions that emphasize antitrust actions. To assess these arguments, we fielded a nationally-representative survey experiment in the U.S. in July 2021 that varied the source and framing of a message about the dangers posed by tech firms, then asked respondents about support for increased regulation. The average treatment effect of international sources is largest for respondents who score high on an index of internationalism and for respondents on the left of the political spectrum. Contrary to expectations, we found few significant differences across human rights and anti-trust framings. Our results suggest the ability of IOs to influence attitudes about tech regulation may be limited in an era of polarization, but that individuals who value multilateralism may still be influenced by IO campaigns.Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11558-023-09490-8.","PeriodicalId":75182,"journal":{"name":"The review of international organizations","volume":" ","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10141810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9689340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0