Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment最新文献

{"title":"Effects of inhibitors and slit incorporation on NH3 and N2O emission processes after urea application","authors":"Hannah Götze ,&nbsp;Caroline Buchen-Tschiskale ,&nbsp;Lea Eder ,&nbsp;Andreas Pacholski","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of urea fertilizers in agriculture is associated with many negative environmental impacts and is a source of ammonia (NH₃) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions. Such losses from urea fertilizer can be avoided by different mitigation techniques. Three different mitigation principles, urease inhibitor (N-(2-Nitrophenyl) phosphoric triamide, 2-NPT) (UI) alone and urease inhibitor in combination with nitrification inhibitors (N-[3(5)-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl) methyl] acetamide, MPA) (NI) and closed slit incorporation of urea fertilizer into the soil, were compared on a sandy loam soil at a soil water level of 70 % water-holding capacity. An in vitro microcosm approach with open dynamic incubation chambers was used to monitor NH₃ emissions over two weeks with NH₃ sampling by washing bottles. N₂O emissions were studied over ten weeks in slow throughflow mesocosms with continuous gas chromatographic (GC) measurements. To get insights into N₂O production and consumption processes, gas samples were taken after six weeks and N₂O isotopocules were analyzed by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Slit injection showed the greatest effect on NH₃ emission reduction by 79.6 % (40.6 % by UI, and 46.7 % by UINI) compared to surface applied urea. Minor pollution swapping to N₂O was observed at the beginning of the trial due to incorporation but not in the cumulative emissions over the entire incubation time. The reduction effect of UINI on N₂O emissions decreased over time with no cumulative emission reduction at the end of experimentation. N₂O isotopocules confirmed the high contribution of nitrification to N₂O production. In contrast and bacterial denitrification, nitrifier denitrification and fungal denitrification were involved on a much lower level and N₂O reduction to N₂ was not pronounced. All NH₃ mitigation measurements where effective to decrease NH₃ emissions while their effects on N₂O emission varied over time. Factors as crop N uptake and rainfall would further modify the overall effect on N₂O emissions and need to be considered for final pollution swapping assessment. Further research on the impact of NI on non-target microbial communities is warranted to elucidate potential environmental consequences and long-term efficacy of inhibitor compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 109307"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142318975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are rice fields less diverse and more invaded by non-native species than less impacted habitats? A test with wetland microcrustaceans","authors":"Maria Bisquert-Ribes ,&nbsp;Emili García-Berthou ,&nbsp;María Ariadna Redón-Morte ,&nbsp;Juan Rueda ,&nbsp;Francesc Mesquita-Joanes ,&nbsp;Xavier Armengol","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Freshwater ecosystems are subject to multiple human stressors, which can make them more susceptible to invasions. Even protected areas established to safeguard freshwater wetlands can be vulnerable to invasions, particularly when they include disturbed environments such as rice fields, which function as colonization pathways for invasive aquatic organisms. In this study, we compared the microcrustacean communities across three habitat types (rice fields, marshes and limnocrenes) in two protected Mediterranean wetlands during summer and winter seasons, using PERMANOVA, dbRDA and indicator value analyses. We studied the species diversity (alpha and gamma), composition and frequency of microcrustaceans, focusing on invasive taxa. We found 92 microcrustacean species, 16 of which were considered invasive. Although we expected higher microcrustacean diversity in marshes and limnocrenes than in rice fields due to human impact, the latter stood out as more diverse than less disturbed habitats. Invasive species played a significant role in accounting for microcrustacean diversity, and they were present across all habitats, in similar proportions. Species composition remained relatively stable between winter sampling campaigns but varied in summer and among habitats. Although more invasive species were selected as indicators of rice fields, their presence in less disturbed environments challenged expectations. Despite the absence of seasonal and habitat differences in the proportion of invasive species found, our study underscored the potential of rice fields as invasion pathways for protected wetlands and the capacity of invasive species to colonize less impacted environments. Addressing microcrustacean invasions is crucial for wetland conservation and ecosystem function, even if their ecological impacts are not fully understood. Integrated management strategies should focus on prevention and early detection to safeguard native species persistence and the ecosystem integrity of protected wetlands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 109305"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880924004237/pdfft?md5=931732ad27612c3e33137dac0a639d48&pid=1-s2.0-S0167880924004237-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drought timing and degradation status determine the grassland sensitivity to simulated drought events","authors":"Shaoning Li ,&nbsp;Shaowei Lu ,&nbsp;Xijin Wang ,&nbsp;Ziting Chen ,&nbsp;Bin Li ,&nbsp;Na Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaotian Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intensity and frequency of drought are constantly increasing, threatening the ecosystem functions of grasslands. Although drought can generally limit vegetation growth, the effect of drought timings and grassland degradation status remains unclear. We selected three grasslands with different levels of degradation (extremely, moderately and slightly degraded) in northern China and examined the effects of 30-day drought events during different timings (early, middle, and late growing seasons) on soil water content (SWC), vegetation coverages, and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP). We found that by reducing SWC by approximately 22–75 %, drought events led to significant declines in seasonal vegetation coverage, but weaker effects on ANPP. Among different drought timings, vegetation coverages showed the minimum sensitivity to early-season droughts with positive legacy effects and the maximum sensitivity to mid-season droughts with negative legacy effects. Late season drought can lead to negative legacy effects on next spring, but positive legacy effects on next summer. Vegetation compositions in terms of the proportions of degradation indicator plants play an important role in regulating seasonal drought sensitivities in degraded grasslands. Our findings underscore that, to better understand the performance of grassland ecosystems during drought events, we must consider the impact of drought timing and grassland degradation status.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 109312"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142318976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential responses of soil CO2 dynamics along soil depth to rainfall patterns in the Chinese Loess Plateau","authors":"Xiao Yang ,&nbsp;Rui Wang ,&nbsp;Mengdi Yang ,&nbsp;Quanfeng Liu ,&nbsp;Wenju Zhang ,&nbsp;Shengli Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil surface carbon dioxide (CO₂) efflux not only originates from topsoils, but also significantly involves contributions from deeper soil layers. Soil surface CO₂ efflux significantly fluctuated with rainfall patterns in arid and semiarid regions. However, how soil CO₂ dynamics respond at different soil depths to varying rainfall patterns remains largely unclear. To address this gap, we continuously monitored soil CO₂ concentrations, temperature, and moisture content at 10 cm, 50 cm, and 100 cm depths <em>in situ</em> under cropland and orchards located in the semiarid Loess Plateau over a full year. Rainfall events were meticulously recorded, categorizing them into light (&lt;10 mm), moderate (10 mm–40 mm), and heavy (&gt;40 mm) to discern their impact on soil CO₂ dynamics. Specifically, soil CO₂ flux was not affected during light rainfall. Moderate and heavy rainfall decreased soil CO₂ flux at 0–10 cm by an average of 70% and 83%, respectively. This decrease was associated with reduced gas diffusivity across rainfall patterns. For instance, heavy rainfall reduced gas diffusivity by an average of 83% and 53% at 10 cm and 50 cm soil depths, respectively. Furthermore, soil CO₂ concentrations slightly dropped as soil temperature decreased at 10 cm depth during light rainfall. Soil CO₂ concentrations at 10 cm and 50 cm depths initially decreased by up to 15% and subsequently increasing by up to 52% during moderate and heavy rainfall. This response was likely influenced by temperature reductions and subsequent rises in moisture content, with a hysteretic response of soil CO₂ concentrations to temperature. The rapid increase in soil CO₂ concentrations was mainly due to a substantial decrease in gas diffusivity. Notably, heavy rainfall induced a delayed increase in soil moisture content at 50 cm depth and a significant decrease in CO₂ concentration by 16% at 100 cm depth. A substantial decrease in soil CO₂ concentrations in deep soil layers was primarily related to decreased soil temperature. Additionally, the observed soil CO₂ dynamics were partly attributed to biotic factors (microbial biomass carbon and root density) mainly on cropland, but mainly abiotic factors (soil organic carbon and bulk density) under orchards. Overall, these results suggest that reduced gas diffusivity triggered by increased soil moisture content in topsoils and weakened biological processes caused by decreased soil temperature in deep soils typically drive the differential responses of soil CO₂ dynamics to rainfall patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"378 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating a new intercrop model for capturing mixture effects with an extensive intercrop dataset","authors":"Dereje T. Demie ,&nbsp;Daniel Wallach ,&nbsp;Thomas F. Döring ,&nbsp;Frank Ewert ,&nbsp;Thomas Gaiser ,&nbsp;Sofia Hadir ,&nbsp;Gunther Krauss ,&nbsp;Madhuri Paul ,&nbsp;Ixchel M. Hernández-Ochoa ,&nbsp;Rémi Vezy ,&nbsp;Sabine J. Seidel","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cereal-legume intercrops have numerous advantages over monocultures. However, the intercrop’s performance depends on the plant genotypes, management, and environment. Process-based agro-ecosystem models are important tools to evaluate the performance of intercrop systems as field experiments are limited in the number of treatments. The objective of this study was to calibrate and evaluate a new process-based intercrop model using an extensive experimental data set and to test whether the model is suitable for comparing intercrop management strategies. The data set includes all combinations of 12 different spring wheat entries (SW, <em>Triticum aestivum L</em>.) with two faba bean (FB, <em>Vicia faba L</em>.) cultivars, at two sowing densities, in three different environments. The results show that the intercrop model was capable of simulating the absolute mixture (intercrop) effects (AME) for grain yield, above-ground biomass, and topsoil root biomass, for both crops. However, the intercrop model does not perform better than a benchmark that ignores the intercrop effects when simulating plant height, fraction of intercepted radiation, volumetric soil water content, and subsoil root biomass. The intercrop model predicted reasonably well the differences between species and between SW cultivars for grain yield and aboveground plant biomass. Overall, the tested process-based model can be a useful tool for designing and pre-evaluation multiple combinations of crop management, species, and cultivars suitable for intercropping in diverse conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 109302"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142318977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bird’s-eye view: Remote sensing insights into the impact of mowing events on Eurasian Curlew habitat selection","authors":"Barbara Mateos Perez Bianco de Araújo ,&nbsp;Malte von Bloh ,&nbsp;Verena Rupprecht ,&nbsp;Hanno Schaefer ,&nbsp;Senthold Asseng","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eurasian Curlew populations are declining in Europe despite conservation efforts. Mowing practices may attract Curlews to areas with a higher chance of survival, but this potential cannot be assessed due to limited documentation on mowing dates. This study developed a remote sensing method for mowing event detection by applying cloud masking, outlier detection via Isolation Forest, and data smoothing on satellite images to create a Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series. GPS data from the LBV Society for the Protection of Birds and Nature in Bavaria was used to examine changes in Curlews’ field use under mown and unmown conditions in their breeding areas. The developed approach detected 80 % of mowing events in trained data and 84 % in validation data with a <em>±</em> three-day precision. Curlews visited fields significantly less often under unmown conditions and their field use increased substantially shortly after mowing events. Their reaction was stronger later in the season and is likely related to non-territorial behaviour. Fields under regulated mowing contracts showed more intensive Curlew activity than those conventionally managed. The workflow introduced for identifying mowing events through optical satellite imagery was designed with an emphasis on model robustness and on being accessible and reproducible for conservation practitioners and researchers. This simplified method successfully provided insights into factors influencing Curlews’ use of grassland during their stay in their breeding areas. Mowing practices significantly impact their habitat choices, suggesting their use as an innovative conservation approach to recover Curlew populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 109299"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880924004171/pdfft?md5=f3145b18ae8199d40b04aac3662efcfd&pid=1-s2.0-S0167880924004171-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing soil quality and crop yield by increasing dominant bacterial abundance and reducing bacterial diversity under no-tillage with total green manure incorporation","authors":"Hanqiang Lyu ,&nbsp;Aizhong Yu ,&nbsp;Qiang Chai ,&nbsp;Feng Wang ,&nbsp;Yulong Wang ,&nbsp;Pengfei Wang ,&nbsp;Yongpan Shang ,&nbsp;Xuehui Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The abundance and diversity of soil microbial communities are important indicators for evaluating soil health. However, the microbial mechanism by which green manure incorporation affects soil quality and crop yield remains unclear. Field research was conducted in the Hexi Corridor to investigate the correlations between microbial communities and soil quality across various green manure management strategies. During the flowering period of common vetch, four management strategies were implemented: tillage with total green manure incorporation (TG), no-tillage with mulching using total green manure (NTG), tillage with only root incorporation (T), and no-tillage with the removal of aboveground green manure (NT), with conventional tillage without green manure as the control (CT). Total green manure incorporation significantly improved the soil quality index (SQI) and maize yield, with NTG demonstrating a more pronounced effect than TG. Soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN) were the primary contributors to the SQI. The relative abundances of the predominant phyla and genera increased in NTG, particularly <em>Actinobacteria</em> and <em>Arthrobacter</em>, which correlated with soil characteristics. Furthermore, the application of NTG and TG resulted in a reduction in bacterial alpha diversity. Regression analysis revealed negative correlations between bacterial alpha diversity and the SOM, TN, and mineral N contents. The diversity of the bacterial community negatively affected SQI. The primary factors contributing to the decrease in bacterial diversity were soil pH, nitrate nitrogen (NO₃⁻-N), and ammonium-nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N). In summary, NTG reduced bacterial diversity, and improved the abundance of dominant bacteria by optimizing soil characteristics, thereby increasing soil quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 109303"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strip intercropped maize with more light interception during post-silking promotes photosynthesized carbon sequestration in the soil","authors":"Huan Yang ,&nbsp;Yahan Su ,&nbsp;Li Wang ,&nbsp;Joann K. Whalen ,&nbsp;Tian Pu ,&nbsp;Xiaochun Wang ,&nbsp;Feng Yang ,&nbsp;Taiwen Yong ,&nbsp;Jiang Liu ,&nbsp;Yanhong Yan ,&nbsp;Wenyu Yang ,&nbsp;Yushan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Photosynthesized carbon assimilation and allocation are crucial for plant responses to environmental changes, such as light. Intercropping typically enhances light interception. However, the effects on photosynthesized carbon allocation and microbial immobilization in intercropping systems remain unclear. We investigated light interception, photosynthetic rate, biomass, grain yield, soil organic carbon (SOC), and performed ¹³CO₂ pulse labeling to trace carbon footprints in the plant-soil system under long-term maize-soybean relay strip intercropping and maize monocropping systems. Results showed that, compared to monocropped maize, intercropped maize exhibited a 15.4 % increase in plant ¹³C fixation and significantly greater belowground carbon allocation, with increases of 52.7 % in roots, 64.1 % in rhizosphere soil, and 81.9 % in bulk soil. These outcomes were attributed to enhancements of 30.2 % in light interception and 16.5 % in photosynthetic rate during the post-silking period. At silking, increased light interception in intercropped maize directly contributed to belowground carbon allocation. During the filling period, the source-sink relationship between limited kernel sink capacity and sufficient source strength regulated belowground carbon allocation, resulting in no significant difference in grain yield between intercropping and monocropping. Additionally, the higher ¹³C content in microbial biomass (by 99.8 %) suggested increased microbial utilization of new carbon, potentially enhancing microbial carbon immobilization under intercropping. After 10 years of cultivation, intercropping resulted in a 13.9 % increase in SOC compared to monocropping. Overall, intercropped maize benefited from enhanced light interception, which facilitated plant carbon fixation and increased photosynthesized carbon sequestration in the soil through improved photosynthesized carbon allocation to the soil and microbial carbon immobilization. These findings demonstrate that strip intercropping cultivation can promote photosynthesized carbon sequestration in soil, thereby enhancing the carbon sink capacity of agroecosystems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 109301"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Riparian buffer strips promote biomass, species richness and abundance of flying insects in agricultural landscapes","authors":"Sabine Birnbeck ,&nbsp;Johannes Burmeister ,&nbsp;Sebastian Wolfrum ,&nbsp;Bernd Panassiti ,&nbsp;Roswitha Walter","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Agricultural intensification is debated as one of the major drivers for the decline of insect biodiversity. Agri-environmental schemes (AES) are a common measure to promote biodiversity in agriculture by granting compensational payments to farmers for environmentally friendly practices. In this study we examined the effect of buffer strips of at least 5 m width, adjacent to small watercourses and drainage ditches, on insect biomass and insect species richness in agricultural landscapes. We selected ten arable fields in each of four regions in lower and upper Bavaria, Southern Germany. 25 out of 40 sites had a buffer strip between arable crops and watercourse. Insects were sampled at three time periods (May/June, June/July and August/September) for two weeks each. In each period two samples were collected (one per week). On each site Malaise traps were set up in 5 and 80 m distance to the embankment of the watercourse. Half of the samples was then subjected to metabarcoding and the other half was classified into different insect groups by morphological identification and the number of the individuals for each group was counted. For hoverflies (Syrphidae), individuals were identified at species-level. Data on vegetation structure (cover of grasses and herbs) in the studied riparian buffer strips was collected and correlated with number of species, abundances and biomass of flying insects. The five taxonomic orders with the highest species richness and individual numbers were: Diptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Hemiptera. Diptera dominated hereby with 34% of all species and 81% of all individuals. On average, mixed models indicated 31% higher insect biomass, 15% higher species richness and 29% higher individual numbers of flying insects in buffer strips at 5 m distance to the watercourse compared to sites with no buffer strip. The effect was even stronger for butterflies (32% higher species species richness, 70% more individuals) and hoverflies (24% higher species richness, 51% more individuals). In the presence of a buffer strip significantly higher numbers were found for total individuals, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Coleoptera. In 80 m distance to the watercourse, the samples of flying insects were not significantly influenced by a riparian buffer strip. This study highlights the importance of buffer strips in agricultural regions and their multifunctional potential in fostering biodiversity additionally to their acknowledged use for water protection. Ideally, buffer strips are rich in herbs and inflorescences and are therefore beneficial for the insect fauna by serving as valuable habitat with high potential connectivity at landscape level.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 109300"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arthropod abundance is most strongly driven by crop and semi-natural habitat type rather than management in an intensive agricultural landscape in the Netherlands","authors":"Iryna Litovska ,&nbsp;Fons van der Plas,&nbsp;David Kleijn","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The intensification of agriculture has been identified as one of the main causes of arthropod declines. To halt the decline of arthropods, changes in farming practices and management of surrounding habitats may therefore be needed. A key challenge is to identify which changes in management approaches are most effective in restoring biodiversity. Therefore, this study examines arthropod abundance and diversity in different agricultural and semi-natural habitats, and among different management types. Arthropods were sampled three times in spring and summer of 2022 and 2023 with emergence traps in 128 unique sites in an intensively farmed area in Western Netherlands. These sites included a variety of crops as well as semi-natural habitats. Our study showed that on average the abundance and diversity of arthropods of several taxa was lower in crop habitats compared to semi-natural habitats. However, these effects strongly varied among crop species. For instance, alfalfa, spelt, spring and winter wheat fields (that often had a high plant cover) supported similar arthropod diversity and abundance levels as semi-natural habitats. Interestingly, in crop fields most variables related to field management, such as herbicide applications or amount of nitrogen fertilizers, did not show any significant relationship with arthropod abundances or diversity. The number of days after cultivation was an exception, and was positively related to total arthropod abundance, Hymenoptera and Collembola abundances, and Coleoptera family diversity. Within semi-natural habitats, number of days after mowing was positively related to total arthropod abundance, Diptera, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera abundances, and Hemiptera family diversity. Additionally, plant cover was positively related to total arthropod abundance. Overall, our findings suggest that crop species and management practices that increase plant cover in spring and early summer are increasing arthropod abundance and, to a lesser extent, higher-taxa diversity in intensively farmed agricultural landscapes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 109298"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016788092400416X/pdfft?md5=e46bda735b93bbe110c3fdf65f127a84&pid=1-s2.0-S016788092400416X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142243637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}