{"title":"Explicit solutions for some two-step kinetics problems involving reversible isomerization","authors":"Alejandro Perez Paz","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02840-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02840-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present explicit solutions to various two-step kinetics model systems involving reversible isomerization. The first problem consists of the isomerization followed by a zeroth-order process. Exact expressions for the area under the curve and the peak, termination and crossing times were also derived and found to involve the Lambert <i>W</i> function. We discuss in detail the passage to the irreversible limit and test it on the initial stages of alcohol elimination in humans. The solution of the generalized problem where both isomerizing species can simultaneously undergo a zeroth-order irreversible transformation is also presented. The exact solution for the consecutive problem that starts with a zeroth-order kinetics and is followed by a reversible isomerization is also obtained. In the second part of this work, we present the explicit solution for the two-step kinetics problem consisting of an irreversible dimerization followed by a reversible isomerization of the dimer complex. Both the homo- and cross-dimerization cases are presented and the solutions were found to involve the exponential integral and the hypergeometric functions, respectively. We comment on the situations where the obtained solutions could be helpful.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 3","pages":"1197 - 1220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Imad Eddine Moud, Naima Azouaou, Zahra Sadaoui, Noreddine Boudechiche, Ismail Kyouncu, Hicham Meskher, Mohammed Amin Benbouras
{"title":"Valorization of fast-food waste as an adsorbent for the removal of textile cationic dye: isotherm, kinetic and artificial neural network modeling","authors":"Mohammed Imad Eddine Moud, Naima Azouaou, Zahra Sadaoui, Noreddine Boudechiche, Ismail Kyouncu, Hicham Meskher, Mohammed Amin Benbouras","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02850-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02850-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study investigates the potential of a cost-effective and easily available fast-food waste (FFW), for the removal of Yellow Basic 28 (YB28) dye. The effects of contact time, solution pH, YB28 initial concentration and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption process efficiency were well investigated and optimized by using the artificial neural network (ANN) approach. The optimal ANN structure is the one with a configuration of 4–17–1, featuring 17 neurons in the hidden layer, which achieved the highest correlation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.996) and the lowest MSE (1.2).The optimum adsorption conditions obtained were the following: adsorbent dosage 8 g/L, contact time 60 min, YB28 initial concentration 50 mg/L, ambient temperature (20 °C) and initial pH 5.8. The sensitivity analysis of the ANN indicated that adsorbent dosage was the most influential input. The pseudo first order, pseudo second order and intra-particle diffusion kinetic models were used to describe the kinetic sorption. The obtained results revealed that the adsorption kinetics obeyed the pseudo-second order model and were governed by several steps. The adsorption isotherms were studied by fitting the data to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models. Langmuir isotherm model provided the best fit to the experimental data. A maximum adsorption capacity of 54.37mg/g was found. The constants in each adsorption model were calculated using nonlinear regression. The findings of this study underscore the potential of FFW as a viable solution for the removal of textile dyes from aqueous solutions, thereby contributing to the advancement of water treatment technologies.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 4","pages":"2495 - 2515"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145143140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kai Guo, Aizeng Ma, Jinzhi Li, Lingjiang Kong, Hongquan Liu, Zhongwei Yu, Dadong Li
{"title":"Alkali-acid treated hierarchical Pt/Beta bifunctional catalyst for higher selectivity of multi-branched i-heptane in n-heptane hydroisomerization","authors":"Kai Guo, Aizeng Ma, Jinzhi Li, Lingjiang Kong, Hongquan Liu, Zhongwei Yu, Dadong Li","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02843-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02843-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pt/Beta catalyst was prepared by the impregnation method of introducing Pt atoms on Beta zeolite which post-treated with appropriate concentration alkali-acid. XRD, N<sub>2</sub> adsorption desorption, SEM, TEM, Py-IR, XRF, and MAS NMR were used to characterize the physicochemical properties including textural characters and acidity, and then the isomerization performance of the catalyst was evaluated in a micro fixed bed device using <i>n</i>-heptane as a medal compound. Test and evaluation results indicated that the modified Pt/beta catalyst exhibited higher multi-branched <i>i</i>-heptane yield than the parent sample due to the better structure activity relationship of the catalyst by introducing hierarchical structures and enlarge the channel of Beta zeolite framework. Indeed, the alkali-acid treated Pt/Beta catalysts exhibited 24.6% of the highest multi-branched <i>i</i>-heptane yield which was 9.3% higher than the parent catalyst at the <i>n</i>-heptane conversion rate of 85.0%. The regulation of zeolite on pore hierarchy has obvious advantages in the hydroisomerization process, which can improve the composition of multi-branched isomers with high octane number effectively as well as supply raw materials for the chemical industry.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 4","pages":"2277 - 2295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145143141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Sarabyar, Afshin Farahbakhsh, Hamzeh Ali Tahmasebi, Behrooz Mahmoodzadeh Vaziri, Susan Khosroyar
{"title":"Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of meloxicam and piroxicam using zeolite-supported TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles: a comparative study of the performance and reusability of catalysts","authors":"Sara Sarabyar, Afshin Farahbakhsh, Hamzeh Ali Tahmasebi, Behrooz Mahmoodzadeh Vaziri, Susan Khosroyar","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02848-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02848-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the photocatalytic degradation of Meloxicam (MLX) and Piroxicam (PRX) using zeolite-supported zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles (NPs). The morphology of the composites was characterized using SEM, FTIR, XRD and BET, and photocatalytic activity was assessed through kinetic and reusability studies. The effective factors, including pH, catalyst amount, pollution concentration and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> percentages, on the MLX and PRX degradation were optimized using the experimental design based on the Box-Behanken design. First order kinetics was used to investigate the kinetic of the MLX and PRX degradation. The rate constant for both MLX and PRX degradation using Zeolite/ZnO NPs were 0.0277 ± 0.0038 min<sup>−1</sup> and 0.0275 ± 0.0040 min<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The rate constants using Zeolite/TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs were 0.0286 ± 0.0034 min<sup>−1</sup> for MLX degradation and 0.0305 ± 0.0035 min<sup>−1</sup> for PRX degradation. Besides, the calculated half-life of MLX and PRX degradation using Zeolite/ZnO NPs were 25.01 ± 0.06 min and 25.20 ± 0.08 min, respectively and using using Zeolite/TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs were 24.23 ± 0.07 min for MLX and 22.72 ± 0.07 min for PRX. The reusability of the synthesized photocatalysts indicated that Zeolite/ZnO NPs and Zeolite/TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs can be used for at least six degradation cycles without any meaningful change in their ability. Zeolite/TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs demonstrated superior initial activity and long-term reusability compared to Zeolite/ZnO NPs. Despite a lower synthesis cost for Zeolite/ZnO, its rapid performance decline over multiple cycles renders it less suitable for long-term applications. Based on its sustained high degradation efficiency and reusability, Zeolite/TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs were deemed the more effective photocatalyst for the degradation of MLX and PRX.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 4","pages":"2407 - 2432"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring the influence of magnesium addition on the catalytic performance of Cu–Al mixed oxides in benzaldehyde reduction","authors":"N. Haddad, A. Saadi, A. Löfberg","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02844-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02844-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study investigates the impact of magnesium on the physicochemical properties of CuAlO<sub>x</sub> oxide and its catalytic behavior in the benzaldehyde reduction reaction. A series of catalysts, including CuAlO and CuAl<sub>1-x</sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>O (x = 0.05; 0.1), were synthesized through a hydrothermal method, characterized using multiple techniques: Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), temperature-programmed reduction (RTP), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Their catalytic performance in the reduction of benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol was evaluated under atmospheric pressure within a temperature range of 150–200 °C. Their structural properties during reduction and re-oxidation were examined through in situ X-ray diffraction (HT-DRX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HT-XPS) following specific pretreatments. The baseline CuAlO<sub>x</sub> system exhibits catalytic activity in the benzaldehyde reduction reaction, and these capabilities are significantly enhanced in the presence of magnesium. Indeed, with a high magnesium content, the CuAl<sub>0.9</sub>Mg<sub>O.1</sub> system achieves a conversion rate exceeding 83% and an impressive benzyl alcohol selectivity of up to 95%. The exact role of magnesium remains unclear. However, its presence appears to influence the reducibility of the system, which is slowed down, as observed in temperature-programmed reduction (RTP). Additionally, XRD results suggest the formation of a Cu–Mg–O mixed phase during preparation, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicates the stabilization of copper in the Cu(I) oxidation state on the material’s surface. During the catalytic reaction, a synergistic effect between CuO, Cu–Mg–O, and Cu<sub>2</sub>O phases likely enhances the performance of CuAl<sub>0.9</sub>Mg<sub>0.1</sub>O compared to CuAlO.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 4","pages":"2179 - 2196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145143005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chenglong Wen, Wenwen Shi, Mohong Lu, Jundong Xu, Weihong Zhang, Jie Zhu, Mingshi Li, Chunshan Song, Xiaosong Lu
{"title":"Synthesis of hierarchical SAPO- 11 using carbon materials with varying hydrophilicity as templates for the hydroisomerization of n-decane to its branched isomers","authors":"Chenglong Wen, Wenwen Shi, Mohong Lu, Jundong Xu, Weihong Zhang, Jie Zhu, Mingshi Li, Chunshan Song, Xiaosong Lu","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02846-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02846-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To efficiently convert n-alkanes into their isomers, a series of hierarchical SAPO- 11-based catalysts were synthesized using the carbon materials as hard templates. The hydrophilicity of carbon materials influences their dispersion in the synthetic gel of SAPO- 11. Carbon nanotubes (CN) with different hydrophilicity were obtained by the treatment of sodium hydroxide (SC) and nitric acid (AC). Among them, AC possesses the most oxygen-containing functional groups and the best hydrophilicity, and the SAPO- 11 molecular sieve synthesized using it as the template exhibits the smallest particle size and the largest mesopore volume. Additionally, its corresponding Ni-based catalyst presents the highest conversion (75.5%) and isomer selectivity (89.4%) at 320 °C, 2 MPa, 4 h<sup>−1</sup>, and a H<sub>2</sub> to n-decane volume ratio of 667.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 4","pages":"2211 - 2224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145143006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of micelles on the periodate oxidation of cobalt(II)-trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetate: a kinetic and mechanistic study","authors":"Abhishek Srivastava, Ranjan Kumar Padhy, Rajeev Kumar Dohare, Neetu Srivastava","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02831-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02831-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current study intends to investigate the impact of neutral, cationic, and anionic surfactants on the IO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> oxidation of cobalt(II)-trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetate ([Co<sup>II</sup>CYDTA]<sup>2−</sup>). The kinetics of [Co<sup>II</sup>CYDTA]<sup>2−</sup> oxidation in both aqueous and CTAB micellar mediums is determined by quantifying a spike in absorbance at a wavelength of 538 nm, serving as a measure of the concentration of [Co<sup>III</sup>CYDTA]<sup>−</sup>. In the acidic medium periodate ion predominantly exists as octahedral H<sub>4</sub>IO<sub>6</sub><sup>−</sup> ion. The electron transfer reaction involving [Co<sup>II</sup>CYDTA]<sup>2−</sup> and H<sub>4</sub>IO<sub>6</sub><sup>−</sup> proceeds preferentially through an outer-sphere mechanism via the formation of ion-pair. Throughout the range of concentration analyzed, the reaction exhibits first order dependence both on [Co<sup>II</sup>CYDTA<sup>2−</sup>] and [IO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>]. The observed constancy in reaction rate within the examined pH range supports the dominant presence of the unprotonated form of [Co<sup>II</sup>CYDTA]<sup>2−</sup> and the single species of periodate ion. The linear increase in oxidation rate with the addition of electrolytes indicates a positive salt effect. The CTAB micellar media facilitates an approximate 2.5-fold enhancement in the rate of [Co<sup>II</sup>CYDTA]<sup>2−</sup> oxidation. TX-100 promotes the oxidation of [Co<sup>II</sup>CYDTA]<sup>2−</sup>, while SLS, an anionic surfactant, acts as an inhibitor. The calculated activation parameters further corroborate the suggested mechanistic framework.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 4","pages":"2009 - 2024"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145143002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. R. Jithesh, Robinson P. Ponminiessary, Rajesh Gopinath, Anandaram Sreekanth
{"title":"Studies on highly active and low-cost Ni–Fe Bi-metallic catalyst supported on alumina for CO2 hydrogenation reaction","authors":"P. R. Jithesh, Robinson P. Ponminiessary, Rajesh Gopinath, Anandaram Sreekanth","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02847-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02847-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ni–Fe bimetallic catalysts supported on Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> for CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation were prepared using low-cost metal precursors following acid to base precipitation method. The single metal catalysts were also prepared in a similar route for comparison studies. CO<sub>2</sub> methanation activity studies were conducted to screen the catalysts and XRD, N<sub>2</sub> physisorption studies, H<sub>2</sub>-TPR, CO<sub>2</sub>-TPD analysis were performed to corelate catalyst properties with performance. The 15Ni5Fe–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalyst performed better in terms of activity, selectivity and resistance towards coking. The said catalyst also performed very well at low temperatures. Higher Fe loading was found to be detrimental towards methanation performance. The adopted preparation method is easily scalable and suitable for commercial application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 4","pages":"2163 - 2177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on the catalytic performance of Ca-doped Ni/La2Zr2O7 for CO2 reforming methane","authors":"Xiaoping Zhang, Yongqi Han, Changna Jing, Zhengpeng Wang, Chang Yao, Mengwen Yang","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02842-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02842-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A series of Ca-doped Ni/La<sub>2</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation method. The obtained composite metal oxides with high stability of the pyrochlore structure were investigated as the catalysts for the carbon dioxide reforming of methane. The structure, morphology, reduction performance and carbon deposition of the catalyst were studied by XRD, BET, TEM, H<sub>2</sub>-TPR and TG-DSC. The results showed that all catalysts typically exhibited a pyrochlore structure. The crystallinity of the samples with calcium doping was somewhat reduced compared to that without. The increase of specific surface area, pore volume and the existence of its mesoporous structure promoted the dispersion of the active component Ni, which showed good catalytic performance in the methane reforming reaction. Among them, NLZCa6, a catalyst with Ca doping content of 6%, showed excellent methane reforming catalytic performance. Its CH<sub>4</sub> conversion and CO<sub>2</sub> conversion rates reached 85% and 92% at 750 °C. During the 35-h activity evaluation period, the catalyst showed high stability.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 4","pages":"2137 - 2149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of malachite green dye by NiCr2O4/TiO2 heterojunction under solar irradiation","authors":"Dina Chaibeddra, Messaoud Benamira, Mohamed Hamdi, Yassine Azoudj, Hajir Wahbi, Ivalina Avramova","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02839-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02839-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nickel chromite (NiCr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) was synthesized via the co-precipitation method and characterized for its physical and photoelectrochemical properties. Thermal gravimetry (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed the formation of a single-phase cubic structure (space group: Fd-3 m) at temperatures above 850 °C. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed crystallite agglomeration, while diffuse reflectance spectroscopy indicated a direct optical transition with a bandgap energy of 1.76 eV. The material exhibited p-type behavior, with a flat band potential (E<sub>fb</sub>) of 0.57 V vs. SCE, determined from capacitance-potential measurements. To enhance photocatalytic activity, a novel visible-light-responsive NiCr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> heterojunction was synthesized and evaluated for the degradation of malachite green (10 mg/L) at neutral pH. Individually, TiO<sub>2</sub> and NiCr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> achieved degradation rates of 42% and 58% after 180 min. However, the 50 wt %–50 wt % p-n NiCr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> heterojunction significantly improved performance, achieving a 90% degradation rate. This enhancement is attributed to improved charge separation and reduced electron–hole recombination, facilitating the generation of reactive species. Scavenger experiments with EDTA-2Na and ascorbic acid revealed that holes (h⁺) and superoxide radicals (O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup>) play a key role in the photocatalytic process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 4","pages":"2433 - 2448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145145045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}