{"title":"Explicit solutions for some two-step kinetics problems involving reversible isomerization","authors":"Alejandro Perez Paz","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02840-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02840-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present explicit solutions to various two-step kinetics model systems involving reversible isomerization. The first problem consists of the isomerization followed by a zeroth-order process. Exact expressions for the area under the curve and the peak, termination and crossing times were also derived and found to involve the Lambert <i>W</i> function. We discuss in detail the passage to the irreversible limit and test it on the initial stages of alcohol elimination in humans. The solution of the generalized problem where both isomerizing species can simultaneously undergo a zeroth-order irreversible transformation is also presented. The exact solution for the consecutive problem that starts with a zeroth-order kinetics and is followed by a reversible isomerization is also obtained. In the second part of this work, we present the explicit solution for the two-step kinetics problem consisting of an irreversible dimerization followed by a reversible isomerization of the dimer complex. Both the homo- and cross-dimerization cases are presented and the solutions were found to involve the exponential integral and the hypergeometric functions, respectively. We comment on the situations where the obtained solutions could be helpful.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 3","pages":"1197 - 1220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The 3rd International Conference on Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","authors":"Gábor Lente","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02835-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02835-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 2","pages":"603 - 605"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis of brønsted and lewis acidic solid catalyst for glucose conversion into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural","authors":"Peng Yu, Rui Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02812-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02812-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Solid acid catalysts containing both Brønsted acidic and Lewis acidic sites were hydrothermally prepared in this work to convert glucose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF). A series of catalysts was synthesized by combining metal salts (CuSO<sub>4</sub>, ZrOCl<sub>2</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, Co (NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>) with 2,4,6-trimethylbenzene-1,3,5-trimethylphosphonic acid (H<sub>6</sub>L) as a ligand in a hydrothermal reaction. Additionally, either 2,2-bipyridyl or 4,4-bipyridyl was added as an auxiliary ligand to adjust the internal structure and enhance the Brønsted acid strength of the catalyst, resulting in solid acid catalysts with varying Lewis acid site content. Catalyst characterization demonstrated that 4,4-bipyridine was more effective in enhancing Brønsted acid strength compared to 2,2-bipyridine. Glucose dehydration was performed to synthesize 5-HMF in a two-phase reaction solvent composed of saturated brine, sec-butanol, and methyl isobutyl ketone (1:1.6:4 ratio) at 463 K. The experiments results indicated that the CoL4 catalyst achieved a conversion yield of 89.1% and exhibited excellent thermal stability. The present study emphasizes the comparison and selection of bipotent acid solid catalysts containing different metal active sites for light use in the dehydration of glucose to 5-HMF.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 3","pages":"1569 - 1582"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boualem Alouche, Abdelkader Dehbi, Salah Bassaid, Ahmed Yahiaoui, Ali Alsalme, Massimo Messori
{"title":"Polypyrrole–ZnCo2O4 hybrid nanocomposite: synthesis, characterization, and enhanced adsorption-photocatalytic performance for methylene blue degradation","authors":"Boualem Alouche, Abdelkader Dehbi, Salah Bassaid, Ahmed Yahiaoui, Ali Alsalme, Massimo Messori","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02825-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02825-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents the synthesis, characterization and adsorption-photocatalytic evaluation of Polypyrrole–ZnCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (Ppy–ZCO) hybrid nanocomposite for Methylene Blue (MB) degradation under UV–light irradiation. ZCO particles were prepared using a sol–gel method, while the Ppy–ZCO nanocomposite was synthesized via in-situ oxidative polymerization. Characterization methods including FT-IR, XRD and SEM, confirmed the successful formation of the nanocomposite and its structural and morphological features. The Ppy–ZCO nanocomposite exhibited superior adsorption compared to pure Ppy and pure ZCO. Adsorption studies revealed favorable isotherm models, with the Langmuir model showing a maximum adsorption capacity of 23.3 mg g<sup>−1</sup>. According to photocatalytic degradation results, Ppy–ZCO nanocomposite has the most photocatalytic activity than pure ZCO and pure Ppy. Maximum MB degradation of 98.55% was recorded for PPy–ZCO at pH = 10 after 180 min of irradiation. These findings highlight the potential of Ppy–ZCO nanocomposite as effective photocatalysts for water treatment applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 3","pages":"1535 - 1552"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Athraa N. Abd, Zaidoon M. Shakor, Firas K. Al-Zuhairi, Farooq Al-Sheikh, Afraa H. Kamel
{"title":"Enhancing cellulose extraction from palm fronds using acidic and alkaline pretreatment: a kinetic study","authors":"Athraa N. Abd, Zaidoon M. Shakor, Firas K. Al-Zuhairi, Farooq Al-Sheikh, Afraa H. Kamel","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02828-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02828-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study employed alkali and acidic pretreatment methods to extract cellulose fibers from palm frond biomass. Also, the TGA is employed to quantify the proportions of the primary constituents: hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. Each of these components decomposes at a characteristic temperature, allowing for an estimation of their percentages in the sample. Three first-order independent parallel reactions were predicted having hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin as the major constituents while multi-component kinetic modeling was applied to compute the kinetic parameters of each component, activation energy, and pre-exponential factor, at each peak temperature. As a result, One-dimensional Diffusion (D1) was found to be the best-representing TGA of the palm frond biomass decomposition. The compositions of palm frond waste were 31, 30.65, and 37.71% of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. The obtained activation energies of the hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin were 75.98, 77.25, and 130.27 kJ/mol. Acid and alkali pretreatment was utilized to increase the cellulose content in biomass but the alkaline treatments generally yielded higher cellulose contents with less degradation compared to acidic treatments.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 3","pages":"1583 - 1604"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Physical characterizations of nano-particles α-MoO3: Eosin degradation under visible light","authors":"Nesrine Koriche, Razika Brahimi, Mohamed Trari","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02809-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02809-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>α-MoO<sub>3</sub> was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the pattern revealed a single phase in the orthorhombic system (<i>SG</i>: Pbnm). Three strong vibrations at 439, 806 and 977 cm<sup>−1</sup> in the FT-IR spectrum are associated to the elongation mode of Mo–O, Mo–O-Mo and Mo = O bonds. MoO<sub>3</sub> with a light blue color absorbs in the visible region with a gap (E<sub>g</sub>) of 2.77 eV. It corresponds to the electrons transition from the valence band formed by (O<sub>2</sub>: <i>2p</i>) to the conduction band deriving from Mo<sup>6+</sup>:<i>4d orbital</i>. A further electronic transition of 1 eV, corresponds to the internal transfer of charges between Mo<sup>6+</sup>/Mo<sup>5+</sup>. The linearization of the Arrhenius equation: log σ as a function of 10<sup>3</sup>/T indicated a semiconductor behavior of MoO<sub>3</sub> with an activation energy of 0.036 eV. The variation of the thermoelectric power (S) of MoO<sub>3</sub>, in the temperature range studied, indicated an <i>n</i>-type behavior with electrons as majority of carriers. The extrapolation of the fitted line to infinite capacity (C<sup>−2</sup> = 0) yielded a flat band potential (E<sub>fb</sub>) of 0.29 V<sub>SCE</sub>. The photoactivity of MoO<sub>3</sub> was studied by varying different parameters under visible light: the dose of MoO<sub>3</sub>, the initial concentration of EOS, pH of working medium and light intensity. The optimal conditions: 0.7 mg/mL of MoO<sub>3</sub>/E0S with intensity of 8.5 mW cm<sup>−2</sup> at pH ~ 4 allowed to obtain a photocatalytic oxidation efficiency of 53%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 3","pages":"1673 - 1684"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photochemical processes in aqueous benzoquinone and anthraquinone solutions studied by spectrophotometry","authors":"Krisztina Csonka, Panna Lukács, Katalin Ősz","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02810-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02810-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we focus on the experimental and theoretical limitations and advantages of using spectrophotometric technique to study a homogeneous, liquid-phase photochemical reaction. 1,4-Benzoquinone and anthraquinone derivatives dissolved in water were examined in a PhotoCube™ photoreactor under illumination with 365, 395, 457, 500, 523, 595, 623 nm, or white light. Derivatives with different electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents were studied. The photosensitivity of 1,4-benzoquinone solutions is known. However, a different kind of product was formed during storage in the dark than under illumination. Using classical matrix rank analysis and the M<sup>3</sup> method (which uses the steps of Gauss-Jordan elimination), the number of light-absorbing particles in each photochemical reaction was determined. In general, one of the colored particles is the quinone, and the other is a constant ratio mixture of hydroquinone and hydroxyquinone formed as a product, which are weak acids, so their protonation/deprotonation also occurs as the pH of the solution changes, thereby increasing the number of colored particles. This effect was previously avoided by using buffers or pH–stat technique. In the case of the 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone derivative, photochemical kinetic measurements at various temperatures were carried out in a diode array spectrophotometer with polychromatic light source. The reaction was only slightly accelerated by increasing the temperature from room temperature to 45 °C.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 2","pages":"625 - 646"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11144-025-02810-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wirda Udaibah, Didi Dwi Anggoro, Aji Prasetyaningrum, Abdullah Bafaqeer, Nor Aishah Saidina Amin
{"title":"An enhanced production of biomethane from cellulose photoreforming driven by titania morphological modification","authors":"Wirda Udaibah, Didi Dwi Anggoro, Aji Prasetyaningrum, Abdullah Bafaqeer, Nor Aishah Saidina Amin","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02821-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02821-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article studies the influence of titania morphology on the biomethane production from cellulose through photoreforming. First, TiO<sub>2</sub> P25 was modified to titania nanotube (TiNT) via short-time hydrothermal reaction. It was confirmed by SEM and TEM that the nanotube morphology of titania could be obtained after heating at 150°C for 7 h. The XRD patterns of the produced powders showed the existence of anatase crystalline phases, with no appearance of rutile. Our mesoporous TiNT had the surface area twice larger than commercial TiO<sub>2</sub> P25 and its bandgap energy was 3.23 eV, which was smaller than TiO<sub>2</sub> P25. Its electron lifetime was longer than TiO<sub>2</sub> P25 (6.82 × 10<sup>–8</sup> s). Due to the better character of TiNT, its cellulose photoreforming to biomethane through TiNT was three times higher than that of TiO<sub>2</sub> P25. The photoreforming by TiNT was 17020 μmol g<sup>−1</sup> catalyst, while by TiO<sub>2</sub> P25 was 6560 μmol g<sup>−1</sup> catalyst. In this work we also proposed the mechanism of cellulose photoconversion. Overall, TiNT can be a potential photocatalyst in biomass photoreforming reaction.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 3","pages":"1605 - 1621"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cengiz Çesko, Osman Üner, Barış Kocabıyık, Ünal Geçgel, Hyrije Koraqi, Hayal Kika
{"title":"Methylene blue adsorption by Quercus cerris acorn shell based activated carbon: equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies","authors":"Cengiz Çesko, Osman Üner, Barış Kocabıyık, Ünal Geçgel, Hyrije Koraqi, Hayal Kika","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02819-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02819-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study demonstrates that <i>Quercus cerris</i> acorn shell-derived activated carbon can serve as an effective and promising adsorptive material for the cationic Methylene Blue removing from aqueous solution via adsorption technique. The study explored how adsorbent concentration, temperature, initial adsorbate concentration, contact time, and pH influence MB adsorption onto QCAC. QCAC dosages of 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 105 mg/50 mL provided nearly 99.70% MB removal efficiencies for 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mg/L MB solution concentrations. It was found that the adsorption of MB on QCAC is notably impacted by solution pH, and that higher temperatures enhance the adsorption process, particularly at lower adsorbent concentrations. Adsorption properties were characterized by utilizing various adsorption isotherms, e.g. Temkin, Langmuir, Freundlich, and Jovanović and by utilizing various kinetic models such as pseudo-first-order, and pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion models via their non-linear forms. When using non-linear version of isotherm models isotherm model, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm aligned well with the experimental data. The study evinced that the adsorption kinetics of QCAC by MB adapted well to kinetic model for pseudo-second order and the application of the particle-diffusion model contributed insights into MB adsorption kinetic mechanism on QCAC. Additionally, thermodynamic variables for the MB adsorption on QCAC were assessed, disclosing that MB adsorption process on QCAC was endothermic, reversible, and feasible.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 3","pages":"1495 - 1516"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mingjing Li, Xinyi Wang, Kailun Zhang, Lei Zhang, Siyong Fang, Menglan Ma, Ying Li
{"title":"Effect of organic acid assisted impregnation method on sulfated CeO2/Al2O3 catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3","authors":"Mingjing Li, Xinyi Wang, Kailun Zhang, Lei Zhang, Siyong Fang, Menglan Ma, Ying Li","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02823-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02823-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The CeO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalysts were prepared by organic acid assisted impregnation method and then sulfated by (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> impregnation method. The catalytic activity and K poisoning of catalysts were tested by the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH<sub>3</sub>. The experimental results show that the sulfated CeO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalysts assisted by organic acids have a wider reaction temperature window than the one prepared by traditional aqueous impregnation method. In addition, the sulfated CeO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalyst assisted by citric acid has the best resistance to K poisoning. Multiple characterizations indicate that the coordination effect between organic acids and Ce ions helps to obtain smaller CeO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles and more adsorbed sulfates, which is conducive to improving the catalytic activity of sulfated CeO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalyst. However, loading K causes an increase in the size of CeO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, which suppresses the surface acid sites and redox ability of CeO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalyst and results in the decline of catalytic activity.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>K poisoning mechanism for the sulfated CeO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> assisted by organic acids in NH<sub>3</sub>-SCR reaction</p>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 3","pages":"1259 - 1276"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}