Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis最新文献

{"title":"Density functional theory and molecular dynamics analysis of oxadiazole derivatives as corrosion inhibitors in hydrochloric acid media (HCl)","authors":"Amal Roua,&nbsp;Anouar Ameziane El Hassani,&nbsp;Asmae Fitri,&nbsp;Adil Touimi Benjelloun,&nbsp;Mohammed Benzakour,&nbsp;Mohammed Mcharfi,&nbsp;Karim Tanji","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02815-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02815-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we investigated the corrosion inhibition mechanisms of three newly identified oxadiazole derivatives in a hydrochloric acid (HCl) medium for mild steel. A range of computational approaches, including three semi-empirical methods, Hartree–Fock (HF), and density functional theory (DFT), were employed to identify the most suitable method for analyzing these derivatives. Among these approaches, DFT at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level was determined to be the most appropriate. Solvent effects were incorporated using the self-consistent reaction field (SCRF) with the polarizable continuum model (PCM). Key quantum chemical reactivity descriptors, such as E_HOMO, E_LUMO, energy gap, electronegativity (χ), and hardness (η), were calculated to assess molecular reactivity on both global and local scales. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were also performed on the iron (110) surface to explore the adsorption behavior of the inhibitors. Results indicate that the inhibitor 6-MMOPP exhibits superior surface coverage and corrosion inhibition performance compared to 5-MOPP and 4-BPOMP. Additionally, Fukui function analysis suggests that the primary adsorption site for the 4-BPOMP inhibitor is the bromine atom. The theoretical findings strongly agree with experimental data, highlighting 6-MMOPP as the most effective corrosion inhibitor among the compounds studied.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 3","pages":"1861 - 1886"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized via the sol–gel method in acidic and neutral media","authors":"Souad Laghrib,&nbsp;Chems Eddine Gherdaoui,&nbsp;Ouafia Belgherbi,&nbsp;Naziha Benaskeur,&nbsp;Mokhtar Boudissa,&nbsp;Arjunan Kanagaraj,&nbsp;Noufel Aouffa","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02816-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02816-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Titanium oxide (TiO₂) is widely employed in medical and environmental applications, sensors, and photocatalysis due to its exceptional optical and chemical properties. However, the efficiency of current organic contaminant treatment technologies remains limited, particularly in achieving high photocatalytic activity under controlled conditions. This study addresses this gap by synthesizing TiO₂ powders using the sol–gel method in acidic and neutral media, investigating the effects of annealing temperature and solution nature on their structural, morphological, and optical properties, as well as their photocatalytic performance in methylene blue (MB) degradation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that at annealing temperatures above 400 °C, only the anatase phase was observed, whereas increasing the temperature to 700 °C led to the predominant formation of the rutile phase in both media. Crystallite size increased with temperature, influencing the material’s photocatalytic efficiency. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of characteristic TiO₂ chemical bonds, some of which disappeared at elevated temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated the formation of spherical TiO₂ nanoparticles, while UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) demonstrated a bandgap energy reduction from 3.33 to 3.29 eV in acidic medium and from 3.17 to 3.13 eV in neutral medium with increasing temperature. Photocatalytic activity tests showed that TiO₂ powders synthesized in neutral medium exhibited superior degradation efficiency compared to those prepared in acidic medium, attributed to their smaller crystallite size. The catalysts prepared at 500 °C in acidic conditions and at 700 °C in neutral conditions demonstrated the highest MB degradation efficiency, with corresponding rate constants. Scavenger tests identified hydroxyl radicals (OH⋅) as the dominant reactive species responsible for MB degradation. These findings highlight the influence of synthesis conditions on TiO₂ properties and provide insights for optimizing photocatalysts for organic pollutant removal.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 3","pages":"1725 - 1745"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalytic activity of tungsten-doped titanium dioxide-supported platinum catalysts in the sequential hydrogenolysis of glycerol: effect of support calcination temperature","authors":"Chao Yu,&nbsp;Changlin Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02822-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02822-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two Pt-WO_x/TiO₂ catalysts with the same content of Pt and WO_x were prepared by impregnation-calcination method and treated with WO_x/TiO₂ supports at different temperatures, and their catalytic performance in the preparation of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) by selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol was studied. The catalysts were characterized by N₂ adsorption–desorption, CO chemisorption, Thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, NH₃-temperature-programmed desorption, H₂-temperature-programmed reduction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that the Pt-WO_x/TiO₂ catalyst with high temperature treatment had the highest activity, with a glycerol conversion rate of 71.4% and a selectivity of 36.4% for 1,3-PDO at 160 °C and 4 MPa, while the catalyst treated with low temperature was only 5.2% and 10.6%. In this regard, increasing the treatment temperature of the catalyst did not change the crystalline phase structure of TiO₂, but changed the diameter structure of the catalyst pore, improved the crystallinity of the catalyst support and the dispersion of Pt particles on the surface, reduced the amount of acid in the catalyst, and enhanced the interaction between Pt, WO_x and TiO₂ in the catalyst.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 3","pages":"1479 - 1494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygen removal from poor-quality refined edible oil to produce hydrocarbon-type biofuels using the hydrotreating process","authors":"Emiliano Hernández-Castro,&nbsp;Ignacio Elizalde-Martínez,&nbsp;Felipe Sánchez-Minero,&nbsp;Carmen Reza-San Germán,&nbsp;Román Ramírez-López,&nbsp;Carmen Monterrubio-Badillo","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02820-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02820-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present investigation reports the removal of oxygen from triglycerides and free fatty acids contained in low-quality refined commercial palm oil to produce green hydrocarbons. The process variables were 360 to 390 °C, 2 and 3 h of reaction time, operating at 75 bar of initial hydrogen pressure, in the presence of 4 wt% of CoMo sulfide catalyst supported on alumina, stirring the reaction mixture at 800 rpm. The characterization techniques for liquid products were nuclear magnetic resonance, simulated distillation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence; the density and viscosity of the reaction products were also determined while the absence of aromatics was established by FTIR. It was observed that at lower temperature and reaction time the green diesel fraction was favored, while at high severity the quality of the bulk liquid products improved in terms of density, viscosity and sulfur content, and also more light distillates, i.e. naphtha and kerosene, were produced at the expense of the diesel fraction. Therefore, depending on the desired fraction, appropriate reaction conditions should be applied; in the present study, the favored fraction in terms of quality and quantity is green diesel.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 3","pages":"1469 - 1477"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TiO2 nanowire-composited nickel-based electrocatalyst towards enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline solution","authors":"Lehong Xing,&nbsp;Yutong Zhao,&nbsp;Jiayi Liu,&nbsp;Yue Zuo,&nbsp;Xinting Shi","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02818-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02818-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The highly efficient Ni-TiO₂ nanowire (NTw) composite electrode was synthesized by a simple, fast and low cost composite electrodeposition technique for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The unique flocculent structure of Tw increased the specific surface area of the composite electrode and accelerated the rate of material exchange and charge transfer during the HER. When Tw concentration was 7 g L⁻¹, the minimum hydrogen evolution overpotential of the NTw-7 composite electrode was only 167 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm⁻¹, demonstrating the best hydrogen evolution performance. Apart from its good catalytic activity, NTw-7 also exhibited better hydrogen evolution stability. HER durability tests carried out for 50 h did not change significantly (only 4 mV). Furthermore, the OH_ads species on the surface of TiO₂ were helpful for the formation of absorbed H_ads species, which is the rate-determining step for HER. This study presents a new strategy for modified Ni-based metallic oxide composite material.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 3","pages":"1833 - 1844"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic degradation of cephalexin antibiotic on TiO2 nanoparticles: insights from kinetics, thermodynamics, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, degradation pathways, and antibacterial activities","authors":"Nur Nabaahah Roslan,&nbsp;Harry Lik Hock Lau,&nbsp;Nur Dina Reshma Jali,&nbsp;Nur Amirah S. Yussof,&nbsp;Muhammad Nur,&nbsp;Hussein Taha,&nbsp;Eny Kusrini,&nbsp;Sutarat Thongratkaew,&nbsp;Kajornsak Faungnawakij,&nbsp;Anwar Usman","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02813-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02813-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study systematically investigates the photocatalytic degradation of cephalexin (CEP), an anthropogenic antibiotic, in aqueous solution using anatase titania nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) activated under 365-nm light. By inspecting the effects of operational parameters, such as irradiation time, CEP concentration, pH of medium, photocatalyst dosage, and temperature, the photocatalytic degradation kinetics, mechanism, and thermodynamics of the antibiotic were described based on the empirical Langmuir–Hinshelwood, Weber-Morris, Arrhenius, and Eyring models. The results revealed two distinct rate constants for CEP photocatalytic degradation; 0.023 min^‒1 and 0.422 min^‒1, with an activation energy of 3.949 kJ mol^‒1. At concentrations up to 20 mg L^‒1, CEP is completely degraded by 0.5 g L^‒1 TiO₂ NPs. The photocatalytic degradation process was accelerated in the presence of H₂O₂. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that CEP degradation is non-spontaneous and endothermic, and reduces disorder on the photocatalyst surfaces. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify the photocatalytic degradants. The proposed degradation pathways of CEP involved the ring opening of the β-lactam moiety, driven by redox reactions of the antibiotic with free radicals generated on the photocatalyst surfaces, followed by hydroxylation, decarboxylation, and demethylation. Antibacterial activity studies suggested that the photocatalytic degradants are less detrimental to the aquatic environment than the parent antibiotic.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 2","pages":"1175 - 1196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic activity of cobalt-doped Cd1-xAl0.2Fe1.8O4 (0,0.3) spinel ferrite for atrazine degradation","authors":"Gabriel Rodríguez-Ortiz,&nbsp;Aseel A. Kadhem,&nbsp;Kinza Fatima,&nbsp;Allah Nawaz Aqeel,&nbsp;Mounir M. Bekhit,&nbsp;Muhammad Furqan,&nbsp;Atif Mujtaba,&nbsp;Tehreem Manzoor,&nbsp;Muhammad Yasar","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02811-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02811-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the photocatalytic degradation of atrazine using cobalt-doped Cd_1-xAl_0.2Fe_1.8O₄ spinel ferrites. Cobalt doping significantly enhances the structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties of ferrites, leading to improved atrazine degradation efficiency. Characterization techniques revealed that Co doping reduced the bandgap, increased the surface area, and altered the particle morphology. The Co_0.3Cd_0.7Al_0.2Fe_1.8O₄ catalyst achieved 97.21% atrazine degradation within 60 min under the following conditions: pH 7, catalyst dosage 20 mg/L, atrazine concentration 10 ppm, temperature 30 °C, and light intensity 100 W. Cobalt doping reduced the bandgap from 2.5 eV for undoped Cd_1-xAl_0.2Fe_1.8O₄ to 2.0 eV Scavenger studies indicated that hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals are the primary reactive oxygen species involved in atrazine degradation. These findings demonstrate the potential of cobalt-doped Cd_1-xAl_0.2Fe_1.8O₄ spinel ferrites as photocatalysts for the effective removal of atrazine from water.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 3","pages":"1653 - 1671"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking superior corrosion inhibition in HCl: thiol-functionalized purine derivatives outperform amino analogues via synergistic electrochemical and quantum mechanisms","authors":"An-Lan Ji,&nbsp;Rui Ding,&nbsp;Xuan Liang,&nbsp;Xiao Liu,&nbsp;Yu-Chen Zhang,&nbsp;Yu-Han Wang,&nbsp;Yu-Lin Zhang,&nbsp;Ming-Di Lei,&nbsp;Yi-Wen Zhang,&nbsp;Jie Fu,&nbsp;Wei-Jie Wang,&nbsp;Jie Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02814-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02814-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The corrosion inhibition performance of purine derivatives (PR, 6N-PR, 2N6N-PR, 2N6S-PR, and 2S6S-PR) on carbon steel in 1.0 M HCl was systematically investigated through electrochemical and quantum chemical approaches. For the first time, this study elucidates the critical role of thiol substituents over amino groups in enhancing inhibition efficiency, with 2,6-dimercaptopurine (2S6S-PR) achieving an exceptional inhibition rate of 85.24% at 0.001 mol/L. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization analyses revealed a mixed inhibition mechanism dominated by anodic passivation, while Langmuir adsorption thermodynamics (<span>(Delta {G}_{ads}^{theta })</span> = − 38.60 kJ/mol for 2S6S-PR) indicated physico-chemical synergistic adsorption. Quantum chemical calculations demonstrated that thiol groups exhibit higher reactivity than amino groups, with the 2-position substitution significantly enhancing π-electron density and planar adsorption activity. Notably, the energy gap (ΔE = 3.25 eV for 2S6S-PR) inversely correlated with inhibition efficiency, highlighting molecular instability as a key driver for strong metal-surface interactions. A novel quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model integrating HOMO, LUMO, and dipole moment parameters exhibited remarkable alignment with experimental data (R² &gt; 0.99), providing a predictive framework for designing high-performance corrosion inhibitors. These findings bridge the gap between molecular structure and macroscopic inhibition behavior, offering a transformative strategy for sustainable acid corrosion protection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 2","pages":"701 - 725"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of a novel porous carbon coating with immobilized TiO2 and its photocatalytic and regenerative properties towards methylene blue removal","authors":"Zhengqi Liang,&nbsp;Yingnan Liu,&nbsp;Yingying Zuo,&nbsp;Yushan Li,&nbsp;Xu Liu,&nbsp;Boxing An,&nbsp;Yonghou Xiao","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02817-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02817-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel porous carbon coating with immobilized TiO₂ (FCIP) was prepared by using foam ceramics as support through dip-coating and low-temperature calcination process. Efficient catalytic degradation towards methylene blue (MB) removal and stable recycling performance over FCIP were achieved under ultraviolet (UV) and natural light without stirring. The porous carbon coating deriving from binder calcining played a significant role in immobilizing TiO₂ and enhancing its photosensitivity and the photocatalytic properties of the FCIP. The photocatalytic performance was improved by ca. 25% compared with the conventional immobilized TiO₂ under UV light. After ten-cycle regeneration, the degradation rate was retained nearly the same as that of the fresh FCIP sample, which indicated a satisfactory regeneration performance. In addition, the degradation rate of MB over FCIP increased with increasing reaction temperature. While the photocatalytic properties changed unremarkably with changing solution pH. The as-prepared FCIP could promisingly serve as an efficient photocatalyst towards MB removal by virtue of its low-cost, energy saving and highly recyclable properties.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 3","pages":"1707 - 1723"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Esterification of free fat acids from waste cooking oil using BiVO4 photocatalysts under visible irradiation","authors":"Camilo Aurélio Brandão Crisóstomo,&nbsp;Fernanda Barbosa Damaceno,&nbsp;João Paulo de Mesquita,&nbsp;Juliana Arriel Torres,&nbsp;Caue Ribeiro,&nbsp;Roberto Ananias Ribeiro,&nbsp;Osmando F. Lopes,&nbsp;Waldir Avansi Jr.,&nbsp;Jânio Santos Almeida,&nbsp;Henrique Aparecido de Jesus Loures Mourão","doi":"10.1007/s11144-025-02808-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11144-025-02808-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Herein, we report the FFA photoesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) using a BiVO₄ and visible irradiation. Despite undergoing treatments under different temperatures (120 °C and 150 °C), both synthesized samples presented high crystallinity and similar morphologies, corresponding to a mixture composed of the scheelite structure of monoclinic and tetragonal phases of BiVO₄. The FFA conversions with the photocatalysts were significantly higher than the non-catalytic reactions. The gas chromatography analysis shows that the products are composed of a mixture of ethyl esters and a low amount of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE). The results demonstrate that the photoesterification of FFA of non-edible vegetable oils can be driven by BiVO₄ photocatalysts under visible irradiation, at regular temperature, reduced ethanol/oil molar ratio, and short times.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":750,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis","volume":"138 3","pages":"1453 - 1467"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}