AIDS最新文献

{"title":"A blind spot in HIV diagnosis guidelines?","authors":"Sierra J Casper, Megan L Fix, Adam M Spivak","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000004084","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":"39 3","pages":"334-335"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143057739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond virologic suppression.","authors":"Brian Conway, Christina Wiesmann, Krit Pongpirul","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000004063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":"39 3","pages":"315-316"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143057743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contextual factors related to the overlap of the overdose and HIV pandemics and their clinical implications.","authors":"Karl Goodkin, Harold A Pollack","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000004092","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":"39 3","pages":"321-323"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143057745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging with HIV and HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment.","authors":"Teresa Bennett, Sharon Walmsley, Reina Bendayan","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000004057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the most effective therapeutic intervention for HIV infection. With improved survival, comorbidities, including neuropsychiatric and HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (NCI) are of increasing concern to aging people with HIV (PWH). The clinical features and the inter-individual variability of the aging process confound the elucidation of the diagnosis and underlying mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in aging PWH. Herein, we review the clinical aspects of HIV-associated NCI in the aging PWH contrasting to the normative neuro-aging seen in people without HIV (PWoH) and address the growing role of biomarkers to predict the onset of age-related diseases in PWH and their clinical significance. There is an urgent need for further research into the role of specific immune brain biomarkers in predicting the aging process and how these biomarkers may assist in understanding the mechanisms and possible prognosis of age-related neurocognitive comorbidities in aging PWH as an endpoint for interventional studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":"39 3","pages":"215-228"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143057741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The benefits and limits of rapid start antiretroviral therapy in 2024.","authors":"Amy Nunn, Renslow Sherer","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000004089","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":"39 3","pages":"312-314"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143057766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of HIV seroconversion in Botswana.","authors":"Yifan Cui, Sikhulile Moyo, Molly Pretorius Holme, Kathleen E Hurwitz, Wonderful Choga, Kara Bennett, Unoda Chakalisa, James Emmanuel San, Kutlo Manyake, Coulson Kgathi, Ame Diphoko, Simani Gaseitsiwe, Tendani Gaolathe, M Essex, Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen, Joseph M Makhema, Shahin Lockman","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004055","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify predictors of HIV acquisition in Botswana.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We applied machine learning approaches to identify HIV risk predictors using existing data from a large, well characterized HIV incidence cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We applied machine learning (randomForestSRC) to analyze data from a large population-based HIV incidence cohort enrolled in a cluster-randomized HIV prevention trial in 30 communities across Botswana. We sought to identify the most important risk factors for HIV acquisition, starting with 110 potential predictors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median 29-month follow-up of 8551 HIV-negative adults, 147 (1.7%) acquired HIV. Our machine learning analysis found that for females, the most important variables for predicting HIV acquisition were the use of injectable hormonal contraception, frequency of sex in the prior 3 months with the most recent partner and residing in a community with HIV prevalence of 29% or higher. For the small proportion (0.3%) of females who had all three risk factors, their estimated probability of acquiring HIV during 29 months of follow-up was 34% (approximate annual incidence of 14%). For males, nonlong-term relationships with the most recent partner and community HIV prevalence of 34% or higher were the most important HIV risk predictors. The 6% of males who had both risk factors had a 5.1% probability of acquiring HIV during the follow-up period (approximate annual incidence of 2.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Machine learning approaches allowed us to analyze a large number of variables to efficiently identify key factors strongly predictive of HIV risk. These factors could help target HIV prevention interventions in Botswana.</p><p><strong>Clinical trials registration: </strong>NCT01965470.</p>","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"290-297"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11779586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142575035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumor with multiple lesions in a patient with AIDS.","authors":"Xiu-Mei Zhen, Zhi-Hong Liu, Lu Zhang, Fang Xiao, Bo-Ming Liao","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004051","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumors (EBV-SMTs) represent a rare category of soft tissue tumors that are predominantly seen in individuals with compromised immune systems. Pathologically, EBV-SMT has malignant potential because of its unpredictable nature. These tumors can manifest at various anatomical sites or even multiple lesions in different locations. Among the various forms of EBV-SMT, individuals with HIV infection or AIDS exhibit the poorest survival outcomes. The efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART), either as a standalone treatment or in combination with localized tumor interventions remains uncertain. The highlights of this article are the clinical diversity and various treatment possibilities for multisite AIDS-related EBV-SMT.</p>","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":"39 3","pages":"330-333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143057747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bipolar disorder in people with HIV.","authors":"Cecilie V Vollmond, Malte M Tetens, Jan Gerstoft, Gitte Kronborg, Isik S Johansen, Carsten S Larsen, Anders Porskrog, Michael Dalager-Pedersen, Steffen Leth, Lars V Kessing, Anne-Mette Lebech, Niels Obel, Lars H Omland","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004049","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess whether bipolar disorders are associated with the risk of HIV infection and whether the risk of bipolar disorders is increased among people with HIV (PWH) and their siblings.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Nationwide, population-based, combined matched nested case-control and cohort study of PWH of Danish origin (1995-2021), a comparison cohort from the background population, matched on date of birth and sex, and sibling cohorts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Conditional logistic regression and Cox regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for HIV infection and hazard ratios among PWH for bipolar disorder and receipt of lithium.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 5322 PWH and 53 220 comparison cohort members. In the case-control study, bipolar disorder was associated with an increased risk of HIV infection [aOR: 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2-3.0], especially when injection drug use was the route of infection (aOR: 7.6, 95% CI: 2.0-28.9). In the cohort study, we observed an increased risk of bipolar disorders among PWH, especially in the first 2 years of observation (hazard ratio: 4.2, 95% CI: 2.4-7.4), whereas the risk of receipt of lithium was lower and the CI crossed 1. The 20-year risk of bipolar disorders for PWH was approximately 1%. Siblings of PWH also had an increased risk of bipolar disorder but not to the same degree as PWH and not of receipt of lithium.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bipolar disorders are associated with the risk of HIV infection, and PWH have increased risk of bipolar disorder and receipt of lithium beyond what familial factors could explain.</p>","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"253-260"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142543088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformation of the HIV treatment cascade for people who inject drugs in Ukraine.","authors":"Daniel J Bromberg, Delaney Rhoades, Lynn M Madden, Roman Ivasiy, Anna Meteliuk, Iryna Pykalo, Myroslava Filippovych, Benjamin M Nikitin, Scott O Farnum, Tetiana Fomenko, Sergii Dvoriak, Frederick L Altice","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004056","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ukraine's HIV epidemic, the second-largest in Europe, is concentrated among people who inject drugs (PWID), primarily opioids. Between 2014 and 2021, Ukraine has scaled up opioid agonist therapies (OAT) considerably.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a large cross-sectional biobehavioral survey of PWID in 2020-2021 to compare to an equivalent survey from 2014 to 2015 using representative sampling approaches including random sampling and RDS of PWID with opioid dependence, recruiting those who were: currently on OAT; previously on OAT; and never on OAT. Only PWID who tested positive for HIV were assessed for the proportion linked to care, prescribed antiretroviral therapy (ART), and adherent to ART.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparing samples from 2021 ( N  = 2027) to 2014 ( N  = 1613), there were differences in HIV diagnosis (92.6 vs. 90%), linkage to care (86.5 vs. 85.3%), prescription of ART (95.8 vs. 78.9%), and adherence to ART (93.6 vs. 85.7%), for those patients who had previously been on OAT. In a subanalysis from the 2020 to 2021 sample, having ever touched the OAT treatment system (currently or previously on OAT) had significantly better outcomes at each step of the cascade relative to those who had never been on OAT.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Although OAT had previously been demonstrated to improve HIV treatment outcomes along the HIV care cascade, findings here suggest that OAT has scaled-up along with higher levels of engagement in the HIV care cascade over time. Importantly, but not previously described, is the finding that touching the OAT treatment system, irrespective of retention on treatment contributes to improved HIV treatment outcomes for each step of the cascade.</p>","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"306-311"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Less frequent testing for sexually transmitted infections: do the benefits outweigh the risks for vulnerable populations?","authors":"Iulia Filip","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004106","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"N7-N8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}