AIDS最新文献

{"title":"Hepatitis B core antibody positivity is not associated with risk of transaminase elevation following switch to dual antiretroviral therapy.","authors":"Luca Mezzadri, Alessandro Guido Soria, Alice Ranzani, Sergio Malandrin, Francesca Sabbatini, Silvia Limonta, Anna Cappelletti, Elisa Colella, Nicola Squillace, Ilaria Chiara Giuseppina Caramma, Bianca Monti, Alban Rugova, Annalisa Cavallero, Paolo Bonfanti, Giuseppe Lapadula","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004227","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate whether hepatitis B core antibodies, indicative of possible occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (pOBI), are associated with an increased risk of transaminase elevation in people with HIV (PWH) switching to two-drug regimens (2DR).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included PWH who switched to 2DR since 2018, if they discontinued at least one anti-HBV drug and were HBsAg-negative at baseline. Two cohorts were analyzed: cohort 1 discontinued tenofovir (TFV) but continued lamivudine (3TC), Cohort 2 switched to regimens without HBV-active drugs. Survival analysis, including Cox regression adjusting for potential confounders, was conducted to compare time to grade ≥1 transaminase increase in those with and without pOBI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 167 patients in cohort 1 (35.2% with pOBI), the rate of transaminitis was 4.59 vs. 7.47 per 100 person-years for those with and without pOBI [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.61; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17-1.83; P  = 0.259]. Cox multivariable analysis found no significant association between pOBI and transaminitis (hazard ratio 0.56; 95% CI 0.2-1.5; P  = 0.266), with adjusted models confirming these results. Among 118 individuals in cohort 2 (33.9% with pOBI), transaminitis rates were 8.04 vs. 8.68 per 100 person-years for those with and without pOBI (IRR 0.93; 95% CI 0.19-3.91; P  = 0.763). Cox regression showed no significant association between pOBI and transaminitis (hazard ratio 1.18; 95% CI 0.4-3.6; P  = 0.769), with consistent findings in adjusted models. No HBV reactivation occurred in either cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>pOBI was not associated with risk of transaminase elevation in PWH switching to dual therapies lacking anti-HBV agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"1344-1352"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12262124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143962838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of test-and-treat versus preexposure prophylaxis on elimination of HIV transmission: analysis of 24 HIV prevention trials.","authors":"Anna Garratt, Abinaya Muraleetharan, Cassandra Fairhead, Andrew Hill","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004232","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In 2023, 28.8 million (72%) of 39.9 million people with HIV (PWH) worldwide were on treatment with viral suppression, while 11.1 million (28%) people had viraemia with the risk of onward HIV transmission. That year, there were 1.3 million new HIV infections worldwide. To achieve elimination of HIV worldwide by 2030, we need a combination of intensive HIV testing and treatment, as well as preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We aimed to assess the relative effectiveness of HIV testing and treatment versus PrEP for the elimination of HIV, by comparing the prevalence and incidence of HIV in prevention clinical trials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Systematic reviews for PrEP and HIV vaccine trials in Medline, Embase and Pubmed databases were performed, with search terms 'PrEP', 'HIV' and 'efficacy'. The primary outcome was the rate (ratio) of prevalence at screening compared to the incidence of HIV in the control arm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 5106 records, 19 PrEP and 5 vaccine trials were included. The mean prevalence/incidence ratio was 3.5 (range 0.1-16.1); For every HIV acquisition prevented by PrEP, 3.5 PWH were diagnosed and treated at the screening phase of the trials.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The main benefit of clinical trials of PrEP and vaccines on community viral load was at the screening phase. This analysis underscores the continued importance of testing and treatment for the elimination of HIV transmission worldwide. Funding for HIV testing and treatment should not be diverted to rollout of expensive long-acting antiretrovirals for PrEP, especially in high-prevalence countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"1470-1475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143953097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The lipid research clinics physical activity questionnaire does not accurately measure physical activity in people with HIV.","authors":"Andre P Dos Santos, Amanda L Willig, Stephanie A Ruderman, Vitor H F Oliveira, Christine Horvat Davey, Thomas W Buford, Dustin M Long, Barbara Gripshover, Mari Katundu, John D Cleveland, Heidi M Crane, Julia Fleming, Greer Burkholder, Michael S Saag, Allison R Webel","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004226","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the agreement between self-reported physical activity (PA) levels, as measured by the Lipid Research Clinics Physical Activity Questionnaire (LRCQ), and objective measures obtained through actigraphy in people with HIV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional data were analyzed from the 130 people with HIV who completed the LRCQ and wore an actigraphy device for 7-10 days. The agreement between the LRCQ and actigraphy was assessed using various interrater agreement metrics, including Cohen's kappa and percentage agreement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The predominantly male (67.7%) cohort had a mean age of 55.7 ± 10.6 years. The LRCQ categorized 51.5% of participants as low activity; however, 33% of those self-reporting low activity achieved over 150 min of moderate to vigorous PA weekly measured by actigraphy. Agreement metrics indicated a \"fair\" level of concordance: Percentage agreement was 67%, and Cohen's kappa was 0.29 ( P  < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The LRCQ does not accurately capture PA levels in people with HIV compared to actigraphy. This discrepancy suggests potential under- or over-reporting, emphasizing caution in using self-reported data for clinical assessments. Future research should focus on refining PA questionnaires and integrating objective measures to enhance the accuracy of PA evaluations in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"1392-1396"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12254016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of environment and in-utero HIV exposure on neurodevelopment in infants.","authors":"Andrea G Buchwald, Maria M Crespo-Llado, Limbika Maliwichi, Christabell Mdhluli, Victoria Mapemba, Stella Chifumbi, Meraby Funsani, Chimwemwe Kalengo, Gregory R Hancock, Miriam K Laufer, Melissa Gladstone","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004217","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Estimate the independent contributions of in utero HIV exposure and postnatal environment on neurodevelopment at 24 months of age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited mother-infant pairs from 2018 to 2022 during the second trimester of pregnancy in Malawi. Children who were HIV-exposed and uninfected (CHEU) and children unexposed to HIV and uninfected (CHUU) were followed to 24 months of age for neurodevelopmental outcomes. Environmental data was collected at 18 or 24 months.Neurodevelopment was measured using Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool, Communication Development Inventory, and Behavioural Rating Inventory of Executive Functions. Postnatal factors included maternal mental health, home learning environment, observed mother-child interactions, and socioeconomic status (SES). Exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to simultaneously estimate the impact of exposures on latent developmental outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 643 children with 24-month outcome data, 49% of which were CHEU. Three latent factors were identified for neurodevelopment: Language, Executive Function, and Child Development. The factors did not correlate closely with each other and had different biological and environmental drivers. Quality of mother-child interactions was the strongest predictor of Child Development ( P  < 0.001) and maternal mental health was a strong predictor of Executive Function ( P  < 0.001). Despite adjustment for all environmental variables, CHEUs had lower Child Development scores than CHUU ( P  = 0.01).Conclusion: Developmental scores of CHEU were lower than those of CHUU despite high maternal ART use, after accounting for postnatal environment. Despite this, the impact of high-quality maternal-child interactions on child development outweighed the impact of HIV exposure on neurodevelopment in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"1441-1451"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12254019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexually transmitted infections in MSM with tenofovir/emtricitabine-resistant or cabotegravir-resistant HIV.","authors":"Tommaso Clemente, Michele Bellomo, Angelo Roberto Raccagni, Riccardo Lolatto, Sara Diotallevi, Rebecka Papaioannu Borjesson, Chiara Maci, Marcella Negri, Golnaz Torkjazi, Emanuela Messina, Simona Bossolasco, Antonella Castagna, Silvia Nozza, Vincenzo Spagnuolo","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004225","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are associated with an increased risk of HIV transmission, raising concerns in case of virus resistant (R) to the drugs currently approved for preexposure prophylaxis. We explored the incidence of STIs in MSM with HIV (MSMWH) and resistance to tenofovir/emtricitabine (TXF/FTC) and/or cabotegravir (CAB).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective, cohort study on MSMWH on antiretroviral treatment (ART) with at least one genotyping resistance test (GRT) including integrase.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The following STIs were included in the analysis: Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Chlamydia trachomatis , Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma spp. (only if symptomatic), early syphilis (primary, secondary, or early latent), and mpox infections. Poisson regression modeled incidence rates (IRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 638 MSMWH evaluated: 67 (10.5%) TXF/FTC-R, 4 (0.6%) CAB-R, and 13 (2%) TXF/FTC+CAB-R. During a median follow-up of 9.6 (7.3-11.7) years [5908 person-years of follow-up (PY)], 307 of 638 (48.1%) individuals developed 744 STIs: IR = 12.6 (95% CI = 11.7-13.5)/100 PY. Among 307 MSMWH who developed STIs, 34 (11.1%) had at least one STI at HIV load at least 200 copies/ml [21 (6.8%) ≥1000 copies/ml]. Thirty-two (10.4%) of 307 individuals with at least one incident STI had TXF/FTC-R and/or CAB-R strains; five (15.6%) of these developed STIs at HIV load at least 200 copies/ml (specifically, ≥1000 copies/ml). STI incidence was significantly lower in presence of drug resistance [either TXF/FTC-R or CAB-R: IR = 8.2 (95% CI = 6.2-10.5)/100 PY and incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.6 (95% CI = 0.5-0.8); TXF/FTC+CAB-R: IR = 2.9 (95% CI = 0.8-7.3)/100 PY and IRR = 0.2 (95% CI = 0.1-0.5)].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our cohort of MSMWH, STI incidence was nonnegligible, although reduced, in presence of resistance to TXF/FTC and/or CAB. Discussion of HIV resistance test results should include the risk of sexual transmission uncontrolled by preexposure prophylaxis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"1397-1402"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The health impact of spiritual intimate partner abuse among women living with HIV in Ghana.","authors":"Eric Y Tenkorang","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004221","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Although understudied, anecdotal evidence suggests spiritual/religious intimate partner abuse may be prevalent among women living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa and Ghana. This article examines the prevalence and effects of spiritual/religious intimate partner abuse - spiritual coercion and spiritual control - on the psychosocial (depression) and sexual health (unwanted pregnancies) outcomes of women living with HIV/AIDS in Ghana.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from 1007 women living with HIV who attended Voluntary Counseling and Testing services at two district hospitals in the Lower Manya Krobo Municipality in the Eastern region of Ghana. Descriptive and multivariate logit models were used to examine the prevalence and impact of spiritual intimate partner abuse, measured as coercion and control on depression and unwanted pregnancies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that about 36% of the participants reported spiritual coercion, and 27% experienced spiritual control. Those who experienced spiritual coercion were significantly more likely to report unwanted pregnancies than those who did not. Women who experienced spiritual control were more likely to report depression than those who did not.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest the need to educate Ghanaian women living with HIV about spiritual/religious intimate partner abuse and to screen this type of violence as part of HIV care.</p>","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"1462-1469"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between HIV and cancer risk.","authors":"Tak Kyu Oh, Kyoung-Ho Song, Eunjeong Heo, In-Ae Song","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004210","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to examine whether people with HIV infection (PWH) show different cancer incidences compared to individuals without HIV infection in South Korea.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Population-based cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included all PWH diagnosed with HIV infections in South Korea between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2017. The 2017 PWH number includes both new and previous HIV diagnoses. The prevalence of newly diagnosed AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs) and non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) were evaluated from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2022, as endpoints.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following 1 : 5 propensity score matching, 20 703 PWH and 89 881 controls were included. The incidence rate of ADCs was 165.9 per 100 000 person-years in PWH and 51.8 per 100 000 person-years in the controls. In the Cox regression analysis, PWH had a 3.17-fold higher incidence of ADCs than in the controls (hazard ratio: 3.17, 95% confidence interval: 2.60-3.86; P  < 0.001). The incidence rate of NADCs was 1614 per 100 000 person-years in PWH and 1888 per 100 000 person-years in the controls. In the Cox regression analysis, no significant difference was observed in the incidence of NADCs between PWH and the control group ( P  = 0.101). However, PWH showed a higher incidence of NADCs than in the controls for nasopharyngeal, anal, and nonmelanoma skin cancers; Hodgkin lymphoma; and, leukemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PWH had a greater risk of ADCs than individuals without HIV infection. Among the NADCs, PWH showed a greater risk of nasopharyngeal, anal, nonmelanoma skin cancers; Hodgkin lymphoma; and leukemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"1422-1430"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of test-and-treat versus preexposure prophylaxis on elimination of HIV transmission: analysis of 24 HIV prevention trials.","authors":"Bienvenu Niyongabo, Simeon Tuyishime, Jean Marie Vianney Nkurikiyintwali, Cynthia Mfuranziza","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000004269","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":"39 10","pages":"1484-1485"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144607132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cost of the plunge: the impact and cost of a cessation of PEPFAR-supported services in South Africa.","authors":"Gesine Meyer-Rath, Lise Jamieson, Edinah Mudimu, Jeffrey W Imai-Eaton, Leigh F Johnson","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004272","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Globally, shifts in United States foreign-aid policy have put HIV funding under duress. South Africa is unique in the region because its HIV program is largely domestically funded, although donor funds and partnerships support key components. We estimated the potential epidemiological impact of ceasing provision of services currently supported by PEPFAR and the costs and cost-effectiveness to the South African government (SAG) of potentially taking over these services.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a costed version of Thembisa, a South African HIV transmission model, to simulate four scenarios: a minimum scenario assuming intervention coverage reducing proportional to PEPFAR's funding share of specific activities in 2023; a maximum scenario assuming additional health system impacts; and sub-scenarios either with 3-year recovery (2029-2031) or no recovery to previous coverage. HIV program costs were estimated from the provider perspective (SAG) in 2024/25 US dollars.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over 2025-2028, discontinuing activities currently funded by PEPFAR in South Africa without replacement by SAG would result in 150 000-296 000 additional new HIV infections (29-56% increase) and 56 000-65 000 additional AIDS-related deaths (33-38%). Permanent discontinuation of currently PEPFAR-supported services over the next 20 years increases this to 1.1-2.1 million additional new HIV infections and 519 000-712 000 additional AIDS-related deaths. Sustaining these services would cost an additional $620 million to $1.4 billion between 2025 and 2028. Under a reduced budget, the most cost-effective interventions to preserve are ART and PrEP for key populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Unmanaged PEPFAR exit from South Africa threatens to undo a decade of progress unless services are taken over by other funders, including SAG.</p>","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"1476-1480"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12262123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of children with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam.","authors":"Dewi K Wati, Lam V Nguyen, Quy T Du, Qui D Nguyen, Oanh N Le, Azar Kariminia","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004222","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We describe mortality in children with HIV in Vietnam during the COVID-19 pandemic. We followed 1234 children (median age 11.9 years) at three hospitals during 2020-2023; 260 had COVID-19. Eleven (0.9%) children died, mostly due to poorly controlled HIV. Mortality was higher than in the prepandemic period (2016-2019) (0.29 vs. 0.09 per 100 person-years; P  = 0.033), likely due to decreased access to treatment, testing, and medical intervention during the lockdown, as well as financial difficulties.</p>","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"1331-1333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12254011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}