AIDS最新文献

{"title":"Hazardous alcohol use, sexual behavior, and recent and undiagnosed HIV across 11 Eastern and Southern African countries.","authors":"Domonique M Reed, Leigh F Johnson, Katherine Keyes, Jesse Knight, Jeffrey W Imai-Eaton","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004577","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Quantify hazardous alcohol prevalence among individuals at risk of acquiring HIV and its association with sexual behaviors, and recent and undiagnosed HIV in 11 Eastern and Southern African countries.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Secondary analysis of 16 nationally representative household surveys (2015-2023).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included sexually active individuals aged at least 15 years. Alcohol use patterns were classified using the AUDIT-C (nondrinkers; low-risk drinkers; hazardous nonbinge drinkers; hazardous binge drinkers). Outcomes included sexual risk behaviors, recent HIV infection, and undiagnosed HIV infection. Survey-weighted alcohol use prevalence and logistic regression were estimated by gender, adjusting for sociodemographic covariates. We estimated the proportion of recent and undiagnosed infections arising from excess risks associated with alcohol use patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analyses included 251 931 participants. Across countries, 5.8-21.1% reported hazardous binge drinking, and 3.7-15.7% reported hazardous nonbinge drinking, with large gender differences. Sexual risk behaviors increased with drinking severity among men and women. Alcohol use was associated with higher odds of undiagnosed HIV infection; adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.32 (1.16-1.50) for low-risk drinkers to 1.52 (1.34-1.72) for hazardous binge drinkers among men, and 1.28 (1.13-1.46) to 1.55 (1.31-1.82) among women. Removing alcohol-associated excess risk reduced undiagnosed HIV by 15.1% (10.9-19.4%) among men and 5.8% (4-7.9%) among women. Estimates for recent infections followed a similar pattern but with larger uncertainty.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hazardous alcohol use was associated with HIV risk in Eastern and Southern Africa. Reaching individuals with hazardous alcohol use with effective HIV prevention could reduce risk, and interventions to reduce alcohol use among heavy drinking populations may improve overall health, including HIV-related outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"1734-1744"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148374293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residential mobility and health among people with HIV: a scoping review.","authors":"Lauren C Zalla, Sydney Langer, Jacqueline E Rudolph, Amrita Rao, Catherine R Lesko","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004565","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To synthesize the available evidence and identify gaps in the literature on residential mobility and health among people with HIV.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Scoping review.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included original research articles, reviews, editorials and commentaries that addressed residential mobility among people with HIV and that were published in English or Spanish between 2010 and 2025. We extracted key information including the study population, study design, definition of residential mobility, measurement of residential mobility, health outcomes, and main results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 17 original research articles and 7 review articles or commentaries meeting the inclusion criteria. Definitions of residential mobility and measurement approaches differed across the included studies. Only 8 studies measured contextual factors, such as the distance moved or reason for moving, and 5 studies compared residential mobility across subgroups of people with HIV. In three tracing studies, residential mobility was the most frequently reported reason for loss to clinic. Associations with other care continuum outcomes, including treatment initiation, adherence, viral suppression, and mortality, were mixed, highlighting the complex and context-dependent relationship between mobility and health among people with HIV.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While residential mobility is recognized as an important driver of care continuum outcomes among people with HIV, further research is needed to elucidate the relevant causal pathways and identify opportunities for intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"1690-1702"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13423071/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148215921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vascular risk drives cognitive decline over 10 years in people aging with well controlled HIV.","authors":"Marie-Josée Brouillette, Susan C Scott, Marianne Harris, Réjean Thomas, Fiona Smaill, Graham Smith, Shariq Haider, Scott L Letendre, Lesley K Fellows, Nancy E Mayo","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004576","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize long-term cognitive trajectories in adults aging with well controlled HIV and identify baseline predictors of cognitive decline.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective, multicenter longitudinal cohort study with repeated cognitive assessments for up to 10 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Positive Brain Health Now enrolled HIV+ adults aged ≥35 years without dementia and followed at 9-12-month intervals across two study phases (2013-2018; 2019-2024). Cognitive performance was assessed using the Brief Cognitive Ability Measure (B-CAM). Group-based trajectory modeling identified patterns of cognitive change among participants with at least one visit in each phase. Baseline predictors of declining trajectory membership were examined using generalized estimating equations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two cognitive trajectories were identified: one stable and one declining. Although no decline was detected during the initial 3-year follow-up, 47% of participants exhibited decline over up to 10 years, with an estimated 0.35-0.5 SD difference in B-CAM scores between trajectories. The strongest baseline predictors of decline were higher cognitive performance (floor effect), higher Framingham Risk Score and peripheral artery disease [odds ratio (OR) [95% CI]: 2.84 [1.35-5.98] and 3.07 [2.06-4.57]], and older age, lower education, needing academic support, cannabis use, anxiety, low motivation, detectable plasma HIV RNA, and higher VACS Index 1.0 scores. Nadir CD4 + count and HIV duration were not independently associated with decline.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among adults aging with well controlled HIV, cognitive decline, when present, progressed slowly and was driven primarily by vascular risk factors, suggesting that, in the current treatment era, vascular comorbidities may play a greater role in cognitive decline than traditional HIV-related factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"1745-1754"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148395589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal patterns of kidney function in children with HIV: insights from group-based trajectory modeling.","authors":"Soumya Tiwari, Viswas Chhapola, Srashti Garg, Shivani Jindal, Dinesh Kumar Agrawalla, Neha Gaur, Harshita Gosainwal, Praveen Kumar, Anju Seth","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004592","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Kidney dysfunction is increasingly recognized in children with HIV (CWH). We aimed to identify longitudinal patterns of kidney function in a hospital-based cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) data for up to 12 years after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in CWH (aged ≤18 years) who were under active follow-up. Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was used to identify eGFR trajectories. Model selection was based on Bayesian Information Criterion, log Bayes factor, entropy, significance of polynomial terms, minimum group size (≥5%), and posterior probabilities (≥0.70). Multinomial logistic regression examined associations between trajectory membership and predictors, including age at ART initiation, nutritional status, WHO stage, baseline CD4 percentage, adherence, viral load, and tenofovir use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 202 CWH (63.9% boys), age at ART initiation was 4.1 ± 3.1 years. Three trajectories were identified: static (53.5%), early-decline (34.5%), and late-decline (12.0%). The early-decline group showed a steady reduction in eGFR from early follow-up, while the late-decline group demonstrated an initial rise followed by progressive decline. Proteinuria was more frequent in both decline (adverse) trajectories. Older age at ART initiation independently predicted membership in both adverse trajectories, whereas lower baseline CD4 percentage was associated with the late-decline group. Each year delay in ART initiation increased the relative risk of early- and late-decline trajectories by 30% and 50%, respectively, although the relationship was nonlinear.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Distinct eGFR trajectories highlight heterogeneity in kidney function among CWH. Delayed ART initiation and lower baseline CD4 percentage are associated with adverse kidney function trajectories.</p>","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"1642-1650"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148676756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between current CD4 counts and subclinical myocardial injury by cardiac magnetic resonance in HIV: independence from cardiovascular risk factors.","authors":"Yinwen Gan, Yi Zhan, Renfang Zhang, Yang Tang, Youming Chen, Ai Shang, Jiaye Tao, Jie Shen, Jun Chen, Fei Shan","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004561","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the association between immune status and subclinical myocardial injury by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in people with HIV (PWH), independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This prospective study enrolled 98 PWH without known cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 91 Framingham Risk Score (FRS)-matched non-HIV controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Myocardial function and tissue characteristics were assessed by CMR, including native T1/T2 mapping, extracellular volume fraction (ECV), and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). Immunologic and treatment-related variables included duration of HIV infection, duration of ART, HIV viral load, current and nadir CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell counts, and CD4/CD8 ratio. Linear and logistic regression analyses adjusted for FRS and heart rate evaluated associations between immunologic parameters and CMR findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PWH demonstrated elevated global native T1, T2, ECV, and LGE, with reduced global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global circumferential strain (GCS) compared with non-HIV controls (all P  < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, current CD4 + T-cell counts correlated negatively with global native T1 ( β  = -0.361, P  < 0.001) and ECV ( β  = -0.318, P  = 0.001). Current CD4 + cell count <200 cells/μl was independently associated with elevated native T1 [odds ratio (OR), 7.199; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.373-37.746; P  = 0.020] and elevated ECV (OR, 5.152; 95% CI, 1.260-21.062; P  = 0.023).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PWH exhibit subclinical myocardial fibrosis and dysfunction despite similar FRS to non-HIV controls. Current CD4 + T-cell counts <200 cells/μl are an independent predictor of subclinical myocardial injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"1612-1623"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148203723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impaired kidney function in people with HIV compared to people without HIV.","authors":"Gabriela Szereda, Natalia Alencar de Pinho, Sylvie Orr, Sophie Abgrall, Sylvie Lemonnier, Antoine Duclos, Cécile Goujard, Olivier Lambotte, Sofiane Kab, Laurence Meyer","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004566","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004566","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The prevalence of impaired kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m 2 ) is higher in people with HIV (PWH) compared to the general population. We aimed to quantify differences in estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) between PWH and HIV-negative individuals in the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort, considering socioeconomic, lifestyle factors, and potentially nephrotoxic/eGFR-modifying drug exposure.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We analyzed baseline data (2012-2021) from the prospective French national cohort study CONSTANCES, including 220 000 participants aged 18-69. PWH were identified through linkage to the French National Health Data System (SNDS) and matched 1 : 4 with same-sex HIV-negative people.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Missing data were handled using multiple imputation by chained equations. eGFR levels were compared by HIV status using linear regression models. Multivariable models were adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle factors, and potentially nephrotoxic/eGFR-modifying drug exposure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study population included 2195 men (439 PWH, 1756 HIV-negative) and 365 women (73 PWH, 292 HIV-negative). PWH had lower education levels, belonged to lower socio-professional categories, and reported more often high-risk substance use than HIV-negative people. In both sexes, living with HIV was associated with lower kidney function. In men, the mean difference in eGFR levels was -7.1 ml/min/1.73 m 2 , 95% confidence interval (CI) [-8.6 ml/min/1.73 m 2 ; -5.6 ml/min/1.73 m 2 ] in the fully adjusted model ( P < 0.001). In women, it was -4.9 ml/min/1.73 m 2 , 95% CI [-8.8 ml/min/1.73 m 2 ; -0.9 ml/min/1.73 m 2 ] ( P  = 0.02). The prevalence of impaired kidney function was 5.6% in PWH vs. 1.0% in HIV-negative people, adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 4.9, 95% CI [2.5-9.7].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Living with HIV is associated with lower eGFR levels after comprehensive adjustment for many confounders. Our findings emphasize the need for regular kidney function assessments and reducing the use of nephrotoxic drugs among PWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"1712-1722"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148215879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV-related stigma, antiretroviral adherence, and viral suppression among women with HIV: the role of anxiety and patient-provider relationship.","authors":"Ekpereka Sandra Nawfal, Diana M Sheehan, Gladys Ibañez, Timothy Hayes, Mary Jo Trepka","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004575","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We examined the mediating effect of anxiety on the associations between HIV-related stigma dimensions (anticipated, enacted, and internalized) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and viral suppression among women with HIV (WHIV), and the moderating effect of patient-provider relationship on the anxiety-mediated effects.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mediation and moderated-mediation analyses were conducted using data collected between June 2021 and March 2022 from WHIV enrolled in the Miami-Dade County Ryan White program ( N  = 561). We applied the Monte Carlo method with 20 000 replications to obtain robust 95% confidence intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 561 WHIV, 342 (61.5%) were adherent to ART, and 463 (91.1%) were virally suppressed. In the mediation model, only the indirect effect of internalized stigma on ART adherence was significantly mediated by anxiety [ β  = -0.087, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.1796, -0.0014], indicating that internalized stigma was associated with higher levels of anxiety symptoms ( β  = 2.823, 95% CI: 2.0099, 3.6359), which in turn was associated with decreased adherence to ART ( β  = -0.031, 95% CI: -0.0616, -0.0002). The indirect effects of all the HIV-related stigma domains on viral suppression through anxiety were not significant. The moderated-mediation index was not significant, suggesting that the patient-provider relationship did not moderate the anxiety-mediated effect on the association between internalized stigma and ART adherence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that interventions focused on addressing both HIV-related stigma, particularly internalized stigma, and anxiety symptoms among WHIV could substantially mitigate the adverse effects of HIV-related stigma on ART adherence.</p>","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"1723-1733"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148395507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential impact of reduced donor funding for HIV programs on Malawi's disease burden.","authors":"Vasiliki Votsika, Sakshi Mohan, Andrew Phillips, Tim Colbourn, Joseph H Collins, Rachel Murray-Watson, Pemphero Norah Mphamba, Bingling She, Tara D Mangal, Timothy B Hallett, Paul Revill, Margherita Molaro","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004568","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>HIV care in Malawi has been primarily funded through overseas development assistance for health, leading to the establishment of vertically-funded supply chains of key HIV medicines and diagnostics. Cuts in this funding could undermine healthcare services and the success of these supply chains.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Using the Thanzi La Onse model, we estimate the potential impact of reduced availability of HIV-related consumables that could result from reduced external funding.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We consider a shift in HIV consumable availability from the high levels achieved currently (≥93% for adult ART and ≥85% for HIV tests in relevant facility levels) to levels comparable to those observed within government-funded integrated supply chains in other areas of health (44-76% and 44-73%, respectively). We assume that if key medicines/diagnostics are not available, a patient's care is delayed or interrupted. We measure the consequences in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and AIDS deaths over the period 2025-2040.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A reduction in HIV consumable availability could cause a substantial increase in HIV/AIDS-related DALYs, with projected increases exceeding 144% compared with the status quo. Mortality rises sharply within the first 4-5 years of the simulation, as continuity of care is disrupted for the large cohort of people currently on ART, demonstrating the rapid and severe consequences of reduced access to essential HIV consumables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the risks to HIV programs in Malawi from reduced external funding, emphasising the need for governments to sustain current levels of HIV medicines and diagnostics beyond donor funding.</p>","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"1755-1761"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148300680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cabotegravir and rilpivirine resistance-associated mutations among people with newly diagnosed HIV-1 in the Netherlands.","authors":"Noga Shalev, Ard I van Sighem, Daniela O Bezemer, Suzanne Jurriaans, Jeroen J A van Kampen, Thijs van de Laar, Annemarie J Wensing, Marc van der Valk","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004570","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Pretreatment resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) increase the risk of virological failure during long-acting cabotegravir/rilpivirine (CAB/RPV) treatment. We determined the prevalence of baseline CAB/RPV RAMs in individuals with newly diagnosed HIV-1 infection in the Netherlands.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We performed a retrospective analysis of ATHENA cohort participants diagnosed with HIV-1 in the Netherlands between 2015-2024 who underwent baseline genotypic resistance testing prior to antiretroviral therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Stanford HIVdb mutation analysis program and IAS-USA 2025 drug mutation chart were used to identify CAB/RPV RAMs. Mutations associated with low-level resistance or greater and the integrase substitution IN L74I in HIV-1 subtype A6 were considered clinically relevant. The primary outcome was the proportion of individuals with baseline CAB/RPV RAMs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 2416 participants undergoing baseline resistance testing, 188 (8%) had clinically relevant CAB/RPV RAMs. The most frequently observed RAMs were reverse transcriptase E138A in 76 (40.4%) and IN L74I in 57 (30.3%) participants. The observed prevalence of CAB/RPV RAMs increased significantly over time, from 3.6% in 2015 to 16.7% in 2024 ( P  < 0.00001), coinciding with a rise in HIV-1 subtype A6 infections. In 2024, the standardized prevalence of CAB, RPV, and total baseline RAMs was 3.5%, 5.6%, and 9%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Baseline CAB/RPV RAMs were detected in 8% of people with newly diagnosed HIV-1 infection. The prevalence of CAB/RPV RAMs increased over the past decade, driven by an increase in subtype A6 infections. Changes in HIV-1 subtype distribution and transmitted drug resistance may limit the implementation of long-acting CAB/RPV treatment in the Netherlands and comparable settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"1661-1667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148325279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in cardiovascular disease in people with and without HIV.","authors":"Fanghui Shi, Huiyi Xia, Sharon Weissman, Xiaoming Li, Xueying Yang","doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004567","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000004567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to assess the association between HIV infection and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence, with a focus on sex differences and the role of immune status.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study using electronic health records from the All of Us (AoU) Research Program. We identified people with HIV (PWH) and matched them to people without HIV (PWoH) using propensity score matching (PSM) (1 : 5) by sex, age, and race/ethnicity. The matched cohort was then restricted to participants who were free of CVD before the index date.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used Cox proportional hazards models, including an interaction term between sex and HIV status, to assess sex differences in the association between HIV status and incident CVD, adjusting for potential confounders. Subgroup analyses evaluated effect modification by viral suppression (HIV RNA < 50 copies/ml) and preserved immune function (CD4 + cell count >500 cells/μl).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After PSM, we identified 4803 PWH without preexisting CVD and matched them with 24 276 PWoH. Compared to their matched PWoH, women with HIV had an elevated adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for CVD [aHR = 1.933, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.709-2.188] than men with HIV (aHR = 1.435, 95% CI: 1.313-1.568). In subgroup analyses, compared with women without HIV, women with HIV remained at higher risk of CVD despite viral suppression (aHR = 1.929, 95% CI: 1.565-2.378) or preserved immune function (aHR = 1.813, 95% CI: 1.455-2.259). In contrast, no significant differences were observed between men with HIV and well controlled men without HIV (aHR = 1.133, 95% CI: 0.964-1.332).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Understanding sex-specific drivers of CVD risk is crucial for developing targeted interventions to prevent CVD in women with HIV and men with HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":7502,"journal":{"name":"AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"1703-1711"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148215929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}