Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts最新文献

{"title":"Limonene emission dynamics of personal care products from different surface materials.","authors":"A Charmchi, P S J Lakey, M Shiraiwa, C L Faiola","doi":"10.1039/d6em00038j","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6em00038j","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important precursors to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and ozone. Fragranced personal care products (PCPs) have been identified as important contributors to VOC emissions in urban and indoor environments, particularly as a source of limonene, which has high SOA mass yields. However, the factors controlling fragranced PCP emission dynamics from different surface types remain unclear. This research quantified the emission dynamics of limonene evaporation from different fragranced PCP types spread across different surface materials. To conduct the study, an equal mass of body wash, lotion, shampoo, and shower scrub was evenly spread across a standardized surface area of glass, silicone, or fabric. The PCP-covered surfaces were placed in a mason jar that was flushed with clean air, and headspace samples were collected every 5-15 minutes on multi-bed adsorbent cartridges. The samples were analyzed <i>via</i> offline thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). Eight different monoterpenoids were identified across all PCP types, with limonene accounting for over 80% of the measured emissions in most products. Limonene also dominated the atmospheric oxidant reactivity of the emissions for all products except body wash, which had a significant oxidant reactivity contribution from linalool. The results illustrate that limonene emission dynamics from PCPs were more dependent on the surface material rather than the type of PCP, where silicone (<i>e.g.</i>, permeable material) had the slowest emission rate and served as a limonene reservoir. These results will help improve models of indoor air quality by providing information on VOC emission dynamics from different types of indoor surfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" ","pages":"2415-2423"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148663064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avian activity alters the speciation and coupling of inorganic sulfur and reactive iron in wetland sediments.","authors":"Zhaoran Li, Junchao Gao, Yaoting Guan, Zheng Wang, Shenwei Cheng, Yanqing Sheng","doi":"10.1039/d6em00496b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6em00496b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian activity introduces exogenous organic matter into sediments <i>via</i> excreta, profoundly influencing the cycling of key elements such as sulfur and iron. However, its impact on sulfur-iron coupling processes and associated environmental effects remains unclear. This study was conducted in the Bird Paradise National Wetland Park to analyze the vertical distribution and coupling relationship of sulfur and iron. Results showed notable differences in the vertical distribution of inorganic sulfur and reactive iron in sediment cores from the high-bird-density area (X1) and the low-bird-density area (X2). The pronounced enrichment of Acid-Volatile Sulfide (AVS) in core X1 may be associated with enhanced sulfate reduction driven by labile organic matter from avian guano. However, the rapid accumulation and aging of AVS may have inhibited the conversion of AVS into pyrite (chromium-reducible sulfur nearly stagnated at 25-40 cm), shifting the sulfur-iron cycle from \"progressive pyritization\" to \"short-term AVS accumulation and long-term suppressed pyritization\". This shift weakened the buffering capacity of reactive iron against sulfide (a 12.2% decrease relative to X2 core), reduced the sediment's resilience to sulfide impacts, and increased potential ecological risks. These findings provide an important reference for the ecological conservation and environmental management of bird habitats.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporating bioaccessibility into human health risk assessment of halogenated flame retardants: from external exposure to bioaccessible dose.","authors":"Bingyu Du, Mengfan Kan, Zhongwen Zhang, Jinxiang Han","doi":"10.1039/d6em00314a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6em00314a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) are persistent contaminants of global concern. Current assessments of the human health risks of HFRs largely rely on total environmental concentrations, which reflect external exposure rather than the fraction available for uptake. Addressing this limitation requires bioaccessibility, defined as the fraction released from an ingested matrix and made available for absorption, distinct from bioavailability and internal dose. Despite its relevance, bioaccessibility has not been systematically integrated into HFR risk assessment. Based on evidence from 176 studies, this critical review evaluates how bioaccessibility can refine exposure estimation for legacy and alternative HFRs. HFRs are widely detected in water, soil, dust, air, and food. While BDE-209 remains dominant, alternatives such as DBDPE and BTBPE show increasing occurrence with regional variability. Human exposure occurs mainly <i>via</i> dietary intake, dust exposure, and dermal contact, with infants and e-waste workers at higher risk. Bioaccessibility varies markedly (11-94%) depending on physicochemical properties (<i>e.g.</i>, log <i>K</i>_OW), matrix characteristics, and digestive conditions. Highly brominated congeners (<i>e.g.</i>, BDE-209) generally show low bioaccessibility (<30%), and plastic-bound HFRs are less bioaccessible than dust-associated forms. Cooking can further reduce bioaccessibility. Toxicological evidence links HFR exposure to endocrine disruption, multi-organ toxicity, reproductive effects, and neurodevelopmental deficits. Overall, this review integrates environmental occurrence, exposure pathways, and toxicity within a unified framework. It identifies methodological inconsistencies in bioaccessibility assessment as a key limitation and calls for standardized <i>in vitro</i> approaches. Incorporating bioaccessibility into risk assessment enables a shift from total concentration-based evaluation to bioaccessible dose-based assessment, supporting more accurate regulation and mitigating the cycle of regrettable substitutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for extender oils in thermally generated tyre nanoparticles.","authors":"Joshua Hassim, Siriel Saladin, Chiara Giorio, Adam Boies","doi":"10.1039/d6em00472e","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6em00472e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tyre-derived nanoparticles are an increasingly acknowledged component of road traffic emissions due to their potential health impacts. Although nanoparticle formation from tyres has frequently been attributed to evaporation-condensation processes, the chemical identity of the vapour-phase precursors remains unknown. In this work, we combined controlled thermal generation, solvent extraction, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to investigate thermally generated tyre nanoparticles. Cryomilled passenger car tyre tread was heated in a tube furnace, isolating thermal effects in the absence of mechanical abrasion. A clear onset of nanoparticle formation was observed above approximately 110 °C to 130 °C. Extracting the tyre tread with chloroform reduced cumulative nanoparticle emissions at 200 °C by 99% and 70% for two different tyre samples, indicating that nanoparticle formation at this temperature is dominated by solvent-accessible tyre constituents rather than the cross-linked rubber matrix. ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra of the generated nanoparticles were dominated by aliphatic hydrocarbon signals inconsistent with rubber polymer-derived molecules. Instead, the spectra matched the composition of common tyre extender oils, an essential component of passenger car tyre tread present at mass fractions on the order of 20%. Our results indicate that thermally generated tyre nanoparticles in the pre-pyrolysis regime originate predominantly from mobile, solvent-accessible hydrocarbon species consistent with extender oils. These findings provide a basis for risk assessments and toxicological evaluations of tyre wear nanoparticles, although microscopic temperatures at the tyre-road interface remain unknown and may extend beyond commonly assumed ranges.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13579560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148975042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hidden threats in blood: uncovering the differential retention and limited renal clearance of carcinogenic primary aromatic amines in humans.","authors":"Jiye Zhang, Shiming Song, Qing Zhao, Jingchuan Xue, Le He, You Wang, Ya-Nan Yao, Pablo Gago-Ferrero, Tao Zhang","doi":"10.1039/d5em00956a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5em00956a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary aromatic amines (PAAs) are carcinogenic contaminants with limited toxicokinetic data. We measured 22 PAAs in paired blood and urine samples from 180 adults recruited in Shenzhen, South China. PAAs were frequently detected in both matrices, and total concentrations were higher in blood than in urine (<i>p</i> < 0.001), suggesting matrix-specific distribution. 3,4-Diaminoanisole and aniline were the predominant compounds. Estimated renal clearance differed among PAAs and was the lowest for <i>ortho</i>-anisidine (median: 0.05 mL per day per kg). Lower clearance estimates in females and older adults suggest potential demographic variability, but these patterns should be interpreted cautiously because urine dilution, body weight, urine volume, and hematocrit were not individually measured. Molecular docking indicated possible interactions with hemoglobin and transport-related proteins, but these results are hypothesis-generating. This paired-matrix study highlights the value of blood-urine biomonitoring for screening PAA distribution and elimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148965727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A toxicokinetic model for gill processes affecting the uptake of perfluoroalkyl acids by freshwater fish.","authors":"Zhiji Hu, Jennifer M Sun, Yumin Zhu, Colin P Thackray, Elsie M Sunderland, Fabian C Fischer","doi":"10.1039/d6em00160b","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6em00160b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA) are a well-studied subclass of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Some PFAA bioaccumulate in food webs, and fish consumption is an important vector of human exposure. However, mechanistic studies investigating the relative importance of branchial uptake, tissue partitioning, and renal excretion of PFAA in fish are limited. We developed a mechanistic toxicokinetic (TK) model to examine gill transport as a potential rate-limiting step for PFAA uptake and elimination in fish. The model simulates laboratory conditions and explicitly accounts for transport across the aqueous boundary layer (ABL) at the gill epithelial membrane and co-transport with dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Modeled bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for PFAA containing 4-10 perfluorinated carbons (<i>η</i>_pfc) agreed with laboratory data within one standard deviation of the median. BCFs were most sensitive to by tissue binding (normalized sensitivity coefficients [NSCs] across PFAA: 69% to 102%). Elimination half-lives were sensitive to both tissue binding (57% to 76%) and effective gill permeability (-30% to -96%). ABL thickness at the gill epithelial membrane, rather than the epithelial membrane itself, determines the diffusion barrier for short-chain PFAA (<i>η</i>_pfc < 6) and was the most sensitive parameter (97%) affecting elimination half-lives. The gills accounted for 5-47% of tissue-bound PFAA, driven by binding to proteins and partitioning to phospholipids. At an aqueous DOC concentrations of 100 mg L^-1, modeled BCFs decreased by up to 22%. Together, these results suggest tissue binding and gill permeability are both important for PFAA bioconcentration, and that uptake and exchange are affected by flow-dependent transport across the ABL at the gill epithelial membrane.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13555787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148910347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiological characterization, combustion-related enrichment, and screening-level dose assessment of coal and coal ash from the Karapınar lignite basin (Türkiye).","authors":"Neslihan Ünal-Kartal, Süleyman Fatih Özmen","doi":"10.1039/d6em00005c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6em00005c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the natural radionuclide contents of coal from the Konya-Karapınar Neogene basin and laboratory-simulated coal ash, their distribution and enrichment characteristics within the coal ash, and the associated radiological risks. To this end, the activities of ²³⁸U, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K were determined by gamma spectrometry in 15 coal samples taken from five boreholes and their ash phases, and the enrichment behaviour during combustion was evaluated. The activities of ²³⁸U, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K in the coal samples averaged 99.2 ± 8.1, 35.1 ± 2.5, and 313 ± 18 Bq kg^-1 respectively. After combustion, these values increased on average by 3.33, 2.55 and 2.56 times on an ash basis, reaching 328 ± 23, 82.3 ± 6.6 and 710 ± 40 Bq kg^-1. The relative enrichment factor values for ²³⁸U range from 0.71 to 1.47, with an average of 1.06, indicating that uranium is generally retained in the ash. While ²³⁸U is controlled by secondary enrichment in organic matter-rich, sulphidic microenvironments, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K are associated with detrital/inorganic minerals. Radiological indices revealed that the radium equivalent activity of ash (500.0 Bq kg^-1) exceeds the international safety threshold and that the absorbed gamma dose rate (232.1 nGy h^-1) is approximately four times the global average. In the screening-level modelling conducted with RESRAD-ONSITE (v7.2) for the residential farmer scenario, it was determined that the maximum total dose for uncontrolled surface ash accumulation reached 0.164 mSv y^-1 at year 23.2. Although the elevated natural radioactivity in Karapınar coal ash requires careful management, the estimated doses under the modeled exposure scenario remain within acceptable limits and do not pose a significant risk to public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148910325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The occurrence of legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) deposited along a latitudinal transect in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.","authors":"Daniel Persaud, Trevor C VandenBoer, Bryan K Place, Kate A Edwards, Susan E Ziegler, Christine Spencer, Amila O De Silva, Cora J Young","doi":"10.1039/d6em00257a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6em00257a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atmospheric deposition samples were collected across four sites of the Newfoundland and Labrador Boreal Ecosystem Latitudinal Transect (NL-BELT) to better understand the sources and fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Both total and wet deposition samples were collected between October 2013 and August 2016. Perfluoroalkylcarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkylsulfonic acids (PFSAs) were detected consistently in deposition samples. The median PFCA homologue concentration across the sampling sites was 300 pg L^-1, with concentration values ranging from <LOD to 10 000 pg L^-1. The PFSAs were two orders of magnitude lower than PFCAs, with a median concentration of 3 pg L^-1. Concentrations (pg L^-1) were converted to annual flux using volume, sampler area, and duration (ng m^-2 a^-1). The median PFCA flux was 170 ng m^-2 a^-1, while the PFSA flux across the sampling sites was 33 ng m^-2 a^-1. Our measurements are among the first to separate the roles of wet and dry deposition, which could be quantified for perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA). We found that dry deposition was variable and could be an important contributor to the total deposition flux for the three PFCAs assessed. Our analysis of homologue correlations, molar concentration ratios, and model comparisons suggests that most PFCAs are formed indirectly through the oxidation of precursor compounds. Air mass back trajectory and major ion analysis, conversely, indicate that direct transport and/or marine aerosol are minor contributors in this region. These observations highlight the complex mechanisms responsible for the transport and deposition of PFAAs along the remote NL-BELT.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148890406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the long-range environmental transport potential of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes: a critical review.","authors":"Shihe Xu, Kathleen P Plotzke, Michael J Whelan, Rita M Seston","doi":"10.1039/d6em00508j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6em00508j","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long-range environmental transport potential (LRETP) is a key scientific factor underlying recent discussions about whether certain organic chemicals may warrant consideration as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Here, we review the evidence base for the LRETP of cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (cVMSs). The majority of cVMSs are released into the air, with smaller fractions entering surface water (<i>via</i> wastewater) and soil (<i>via</i> sewage sludge). Transport distances of cVMSs in water are likely to be low due to high combined loss rates for volatilisation, hydrolysis and net deposition of sediment-associated material. In contrast, the long-range atmospheric transport potential (LRATP) of cVMSs is likely to be high due to very high volatility and moderate reaction rates, compared with advection. However, the potential for deposition from air to surface media (<i>e.g.</i> in remote regions) is much less certain. Multimedia models suggest that cVMSs are likely to have long characteristic travel distances (CTDs) in air (2500-7800 km), although empirical travel distances (ETDs) are shorter (1000-2500 km) and potential for deposition is low. Field evidence for atmospheric deposition is often confounded by local contamination, analytical artefacts and (in the case of biota) uncertainties in diet, exposure locations and migration paths. The overall weight-of-evidence suggests that deposition from air to surface media in remote regions is very low for cVMSs.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148878630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemistry and radiation risk of radium isotopes and heavy metal contamination in groundwater of Dhaka City, Bangladesh.","authors":"Nafis Faruque, Saiful Islam, Jannatul Ferdous, Tasrina Rabia Choudhury, Tajnin Jahan, Pradip K Bakshi","doi":"10.1039/d5em01059d","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5em01059d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study addresses the urgent need to evaluate groundwater security in a fast-growing megacity challenged by complex geogenic and anthropogenic threats. Thus, the main objective was to study the occurrence, geochemical behavior and radiation risk of radium isotopes (²²⁶Ra and ²²⁸Ra) and heavy metal contamination in groundwater samples of Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Hydrochemical analysis showed that reverse ion-exchange and silicate weathering control the groundwater chemistry rather than evaporation trends. Heavy metals were at low-to-medium levels of pollution according to the contamination index (<i>C</i>_d); however, the Heavy Metal Evaluation Index (HEI) identifies isolated areas of significant contamination. Notably, mercury (average 1.97 ± 0.16 µg L^-1) exceeds safety thresholds. The ³H activities suggested that the groundwater was young and hosted in unconsolidated sand-rock aquifers radiologically. Combined radium activities were above the USEPA threshold (0.185 Bq L^-1) and ²²⁶Ra, ²²⁸Ra and ⁴⁰K were above WHO guidelines, with higher ²²⁸Ra activity. The spatial distribution analysis showed relatively higher radium enrichment in the northern and north-eastern parts of the studied area. Radium mobilization was governed by the reduced adsorption capacity controlled by ambient redox conditions, elemental concentrations, and the natural processes such as α-recoil, mineral dissolution and desorption from aquifer materials. The annual effective doses were higher than the WHO limits and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) indicates ²²⁸Ra as the main radiological risk. Broader implications highlight significant, interrelated geochemical and radiological health risks to Dhaka's water supply. These results give crucial details for the sustainable management of groundwater operations, especially in areas where groundwater resources are limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" ","pages":"2187-2207"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148395389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}