Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the impact of climate change on PCB-153 exposure in Arctic seabirds with the nested exposure model†","authors":"Lovise Pedersen Skogeng, Pierre Blévin, Knut Breivik, Jan Ove Bustnes, Igor Eulaers, Kjetil Sagerup and Ingjerd Sunde Krogseth","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00584H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00584H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >At the same time Arctic ecosystems experiences rapid climate change, at a rate four times faster than the global average, they remain burdened by long-range transported pollution, notably with legacy polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The present study investigates the potential impact of climate change on seabird exposure to PCB-153 using the established Nested Exposure Model (NEM), here expanded with three seabird species, <em>i.e.</em> common eider (<em>Somateria mollissima</em>), black-legged kittiwake (<em>Rissa tridactyla</em>) and glaucous gull (<em>Larus hyperboreus</em>), as well as the filter feeder blue mussel (<em>Mytulis edulis</em>). The model's performance was evaluated using empirical time trends of the seabird species in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, and using tissue concentrations from filter feeders along the northern Norwegian coast. NEM successfully replicated empirical PCB-153 concentrations, confirming its ability to simulate PCB-153 bioaccumulation in the studied seabird species within an order of magnitude. Based on global PCB-153 emission estimates, simulations run until the year 2100 predicted seabird blood concentrations 99% lower than in year 2000. Model scenarios with climate change-induced altered dietary composition and lipid dynamics showed to have minimal impact on future PCB-153 exposure, compared to temporal changes in primary emissions of PCB-153. The present study suggests the potential of mechanistic modelling in assessing POP exposure in Arctic seabirds within a multiple stressor context.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 5","pages":" 1317-1330"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/em/d4em00584h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of pathogens and human fecal markers in stormwater across a highly populated urban region†","authors":"Joshua A. Steele, Amity G. Zimmer-Faust, Thomas J. Clerkin, Adriana González-Fernández, Sarah A. Lowry, A. Denene Blackwood, Kayla Raygoza, Kylie Langlois, Alexandria B. Boehm, Rachel T. Noble, John F. Griffith and Kenneth C. Schiff","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00578C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00578C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Microbial contamination of urban stormwater, rivers, and creeks during rainstorms is a persistent and widespread problem. Remediation of these waters has proven to be challenging since there are many potential sources for the fecal indicator bacteria on which water quality is regulated. Microbial source tracking markers have allowed for improved identification and quantification of the sources of contamination, but the majority of the source-attributed microbial targets are not responsible for causing the illnesses associated with waterborne human fecal contamination. Thus there is a need to better understand the relationships of human pathogens and human fecal markers in stormwater. In this study, we used a spatially-intensive sampling approach (31 sites) across southern California for the analysis of stormwater. During three storms from 2021–2023, we used droplet digital PCR to quantify the human fecal markers HF183 and Lachno3 along with human adenovirus, human norovirus, <em>Campylobacter</em> spp., and <em>Salmonella</em> spp. This spatially intensive sampling design captures information from a 5900 km<small>²</small> area with ∼22 million people. We detected human markers HF183 and Lachno3 genes at 90% and 97% of the sites; concentrations ranged from below detection to 10<small>⁴</small> and 10<small>⁵</small> gene copies per 100 mL, respectively. We found variable concentrations of human bacterial and viral pathogen genes. HF183 was significantly correlated to human adenovirus and Lachno3. Lachno3 was also significantly correlated with <em>Salmonella</em>. We reported PCR inhibition in 83–90% of the samples but found that separating sediment and adding proteinase K during lysis improved DNA/RNA extraction efficiency and reduced inhibition.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 5","pages":" 1354-1367"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143955864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study to assess the vascular developmental toxicity of anticarcinogen toremifene in zebrafish (Danio rerio)†","authors":"Juan Liu, Huiyun Wang, Chun Yang and Tingzhang Hu","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00614C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00614C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Due to the increasing burden of disease and demand for medicines, more and more pharmaceutical compounds are appearing in the environment. Toremifene (TOR), a first-line drug in the therapy of breast cancer, is widely used in the treatment of related diseases. However, the toxicity assessment of TOR is insufficient. Here, a model organism zebrafish and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to investigate the effects and mechanisms of TOR on angiogenesis. The results showed that TOR exposure reduced hatching and survival rates, and increased the malformation rate. TOR inhibited angiogenesis by inducing nuclear condensation in zebrafish endothelial cells and impeding cell migration, resulting in vascular malformation in zebrafish embryos. TOR disrupted the cytoskeleton, suppressed HUVEC migration, adhesion, activity and division, induced cell cycle arrest, and accelerated apoptosis. qRT-PCR indicated that transcriptional levels of <em>Integrin β1</em>, <em>Rho</em>, <em>ROCK</em>, and <em>MLC-1</em> reduced in the TOR-exposed groups, and western blot indicated that TOR decreased the contents of Integrin β1, Rho, ROCK, MLC, and pMLC in the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway. Collectively, TOR may disturb endothelial cell behaviors by disrupting the cytoskeleton <em>via</em> the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway, ultimately resulting in abnormal angiogenesis. The study increases awareness of the toxicity of TOR to aquatic organisms and raises public concern about the health risks posed by anti-tumor drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 4","pages":" 1169-1183"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfur depletion through repetitive redox cycling unmasks the role of the cryptic sulfur cycle for (methyl)thioarsenate formation in paddy soils.","authors":"José M León Ninin, Carolin Lisbeth Dreher, Andreas Kappler, Britta Planer-Friedrich","doi":"10.1039/d4em00764f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4em00764f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inorganic and oxymethylated thioarsenates form through the reaction of arsenite and oxymethylated arsenates with reduced sulfur, mainly as sulfide (S^II-) but also as zerovalent sulfur (S⁰). In paddy soils, considered low-S systems, microbial reduction of the soil's \"primary\" sulfate pool is the principal S^II- source for As thiolation. Under anoxic conditions, this primary pool is readily consumed, and the precipitation of iron (Fe) sulfides lowers S^II- availability. Nonetheless, sulfate can be constantly replenished by the reoxidation of S^II- coupled with the reduction of Fe^III phases in the so-called cryptic S cycle (CSC). The CSC supplies a small secondary sulfate pool available for reduction and, according to previous studies, As thiolation. However, sulfate concentrations commonly found in paddy soils mask the biogeochemical processes associated with the CSC. Here, we depleted a paddy soil from excess S, Fe, and As from a paddy soil through repetitive flooding and draining (<i>e.g.</i>, redox cycling). After 10, 20, and 30 such cycles, we followed thioarsenate formation during an anoxic incubation period of 10 days. Higher S/As ratios increased As thiolation contribution to total As up to 10-fold after 30 cycles. During the anoxic incubation, the depleted soils showed a transient first phase where the reduction of the primary sulfate pool led to inorganic thioarsenate formation. In the second phase, methylthioarsenate formation correlated with partially oxidized S species (S⁰, thiosulfate), suggesting CSC-driven sulfate replenishment, re-reduction, and thiolation. Methylthioarsenates formed even as inorganic thioarsenates de-thiolated, indicating thermodynamic preference under S-limited conditions. This study highlights the role of the CSC in sustaining thioarsenate formation in low-S systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental behavior, risks, and management of antidepressants in the aquatic environment","authors":"Yingying Liu, Jiapei Lv, Changsheng Guo, Xiaowei Jin, Depeng Zuo and Jian Xu","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00793J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00793J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Antidepressants are increasingly detected in aquatic environments due to their incomplete removal in wastewater treatment, raising significant concerns about their ecological impacts. This review focuses on the three most widely used classes of antidepressants—tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). It systematically explores their physicochemical properties and how these properties influence their environmental fate, including sorption, mobility, and bioaccumulation in aquatic ecosystems. The sublethal effects of these antidepressants on aquatic organisms, particularly their impacts on behavior, reproduction, and development, are critically analyzed, highlighting potential threats to biodiversity and ecological stability. Key knowledge gaps are identified, including the long-term impacts of chronic low-dose exposure, the role of bioactive metabolites, and the combined toxicity of antidepressants with other contaminants. The review underscores the importance of advanced wastewater treatment technologies, environmentally mindful prescribing practices, and public awareness campaigns as essential measures to mitigate these risks. By addressing these challenges, this study aims to inform future research and guide sustainable environmental management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 5","pages":" 1196-1228"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of antibiotic resistance genes in livestock manure and receiving environment reveals non-negligible risk from extracellular genes†","authors":"Rui Xin, Fengxia Yang, Yuanye Zeng, Meiqi Zhang and Keqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00570H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00570H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), extracellular and intracellular, collectively constitute the complete resistome within farming environments. However, a systematic analysis of extracellular ARGs (eARGs) and intracellular ARGs (iARGs) remains missing. This study characterized eARGs and iARGs in livestock manure and examined their effects on the agricultural soil receiving them. The findings indicated differences in DNA concentration and the ratios of iDNA and eDNA across various manures, with chicken manure demonstrating the highest eDNA levels (20.7–22.7%). Different ARG subtypes had distinct pollution levels in livestock manure. Generally, except for <em>bla</em><small>_{<em>TEM-1</em>}</small> and <em>bla</em><small>_{<em>OXA-1</em>}</small>, <em>ermC</em>, <em>ermB</em>, and <em>cfr</em>, other ARGs were abundant in eDNA (beyond 10<small>⁴</small> copies per g DW in each sample) and iDNA (beyond 10<small>⁷</small> copies per g DW) of animal manure. The copy numbers of eARGs and iARGs differed in different manures, with swine manure having the highest, ranging from 6.08 × 10<small>³</small> to 4.30 × 10<small>⁸</small> and from 3.21 × 10<small>⁷</small> to 9.51 × 10<small>¹⁰</small> copies per g DW, respectively. Both iARGs and eARGs were more abundant in soil when manure was applied. The impacts of the various manures varied, with chicken manure having the most significant influence. Interestingly, several eARGs were much more abundant in soil than their intracellular counterparts, highlighting the need to regulate and manage both eARGs and iARGs.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 5","pages":" 1331-1340"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metal exposure risk to black-winged stilt (Himantopus himantopus) in a typical industrial city in northwest of China†","authors":"Jinhua Tian, Qin Li, Wenjing Li, Wenzhi Yang and Ying Yang","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00647J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00647J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Heavy metal pollution poses a critical threat to waterfowl, and a quantitative risk assessment model is significant for accurately evaluating the threat level and providing early warning of the potential harm before the situation becomes nonreversible. In this study, the exposure risk of heavy metals to black-winged stilt (<em>Himantopus himantopus</em>) was assessed in three districts (Dawukou District, Huinong District and Pingluo County) of Shizuishan, an important industrial city in northwestern China. The results showed that Cr, Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations in habitat soil or water exceeded the local background levels or the permissible safe limits, which were the main heavy metal pollutants in the habitats. Cd and Cr were the most major heavy metals causing potential ecological hazards in the habitat. The food pathway and soil pathway were the main routes of exposure to heavy metals in waterfowl, and Cr was the priority pollutant in waterfowl conservation in Shizuishan due to the high health risk grade. The combined risks of heavy metals were high in all three districts; however, the potential health hazards to waterfowl in Dawukou District, a region historically associated with coal mining activities that has undergone years of ecological remediation, especially need to focus attention. Our findings provide a scientific basis for waterfowl conservation and their habitat improvement management in industrial cities.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 5","pages":" 1389-1400"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143951289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The multiclass ARKA framework for developing improved q-RASAR models for environmental toxicity endpoints†","authors":"Arkaprava Banerjee and Kunal Roy","doi":"10.1039/D5EM00068H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EM00068H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The continuous quest for the quick, accurate, and efficient methods for filling the gaps in the toxicity data of commercial chemicals is the need of the hour. Thus, it has become essential to develop simple and improved modeling strategies that aim to generate more accurate predictions. Recently, quantitative Read-Across Structure–Activity Relationship (q-RASAR) modeling has been reported to enhance the external predictivity of QSAR models. However, the cross-validation metrics of some q-RASAR models show compromised values compared to those of the corresponding QSAR models. We report here an improved q-RASAR workflow coupled with the Arithmetic Residuals in <em>K</em>-groups Analysis (ARKA) framework. This improved workflow (ARKA-RASAR) considers two important aspects: the contribution of different QSAR descriptors to different experimental response ranges, and the identification of similarity among close congeners based on both the selected QSAR descriptors and the contribution of different QSAR descriptors to different experimental response ranges. A simple, free, and user-friendly Java-based tool, Multiclass ARKA-v1.0, has been developed to compute the multiclass ARKA descriptors. In this study, five different toxicity datasets previously used for the development of QSAR and q-RASAR models were considered. We developed hybrid ARKA models that consist of a combination of QSAR descriptors and ARKA descriptors. These hybrid feature spaces were used to compute RASAR descriptors and develop ARKA-RASAR models. We used the same modeling strategies used to develop the previously reported QSAR and q-RASAR models for a fair comparison. Additionally, these modeling algorithms are straightforward, reproducible, and transferable. A multi-criteria decision-making statistical approach, the Sum of Ranking Differences (SRD), indicated that the ARKA-RASAR models are the best-performing models, considering training, test, and cross-validation statistics. The least significant difference procedure ensured that the SRD values were significantly different for most models, presenting an unbiased workflow. True external validation using a set of pesticide metabolites and predicting their early-stage acute fish toxicity using relevant ARKA-RASAR models was also carried out and yielded encouraging results. The promising results and the ease of computation of ARKA and RASAR descriptors using our tools suggest that the ARKA-RASAR modeling framework may be a potential choice for developing highly robust and predictive models for filling the gaps in environmental toxicity data.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 5","pages":" 1229-1243"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing microplastics, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and other contaminants of global concern in wadable agricultural streams in Iowa†","authors":"Shannon M. Meppelink, Dana W. Kolpin, Gregory H. LeFevre, David M. Cwiertny, Carrie E. Givens, Lee Ann Green, Laura E. Hubbard, Luke R. Iwanowicz, Rachael F. Lane, Alyssa L. Mianecki, Padraic S. O'Shea, Clayton D. Raines, John W. Scott, Darrin A. Thompson, Michaelah C. Wilson and James L. Gray","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00753K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00753K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Microplastics, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), and pesticides may lead to unintended environmental contamination through many pathways in multiple matrices. This statewide, multi-matrix study of contaminants of global concern (CGCs) in agricultural streams across Iowa (United States) is the first to examine multiple CGCs in water, bed sediment, and fish to understand their occurrence in small streams located in regions of intense agriculture activity. Iowa plays a pivotal role in agriculture, with more than 85% of Iowa's landscape devoted to agriculture, making it an ideal location for determining the prevalence of CGCs to provide critical baseline exposure data. Fifteen sites were sampled across a range of predominant land uses (<em>e.g.</em>, poultry, swine); all sites had detections of microplastics in all matrices. Concentrations of PFAS varied but were detected in water and sediment; all fish had detections of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), a type of PFAS. More than 50% of water and bed sediment samples had detections of ARGs. The most frequently detected PPCP was metformin. No sites had a cumulative exposure activity ratio greater than 1.0 for chemical exposures; 13 sites were above the 0.001 precautionary threshold. Toxicity quotients calculated using Aquatic Life Benchmarks were below the 0.1 moderate risk threshold for chemical exposures for all but one site. For fish, all sites exceeded the moderate and high-risk thresholds proposed for microplastic particles for food dilution (both chronic and acute exposures) and all sites exceeded the microplastic moderate threshold proposed for chronic tissue translocation, and two sites exceeded the threshold for acute tissue translocation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 5","pages":" 1401-1422"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/em/d4em00753k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143953054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reversible transformations of sulfamethoxazole and its submoieties by manganese-oxidizing bacteria and biogenic manganese oxides in the presence of humic substances†","authors":"Adam Sochacki, Hana Šubrtová Salmonová, Sylwia Bajkacz, Ewa Felis, Lucie Schneider, Zdeněk Chval, Zuzana Vaňková, Martin Lexa, Michael Pohořelý, Philippe François-Xavier Corvini and Markéta Marečková","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00593G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00593G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Manganese-oxidizing bacteria (MnOB) and biogenic manganese oxides (BioMnOx) play key roles in the breakdown of organic matter (including pollutants) in water and soil environments. The degradation of some organic compounds (such as sulfonamides selected in this study) by BioMnOx in the presence of active MnOB is poorly understood. Thus far, it has been shown that the transformation of sulfonamides by either BioMnOx or MnOB (but thus far not studied in a binary system) can be modulated using naturally occurring redox mediators, such as humic substances, leading to the formation of coupling products of unknown stability. The co-occurrence of sulfonamides, MnOB, BioMnOx, and humic constituents is pertinent to many natural and engineered settings. This study used syringaldehyde, which is a model humic constituent, to investigate the nature of modulation in a binary system of BioMnOx and MnOB for the first time. The MnOB strain <em>Pseudomonas putida</em> MnB6 was cultivated and used in batch degradation tests. Initial tests with eight sulfonamides showed comparably poor degradation. In the next step of this study, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and two SMX submoieties (sulfanilamide (SNM) and 3-amino-5-methylisoxazole (ISX)) were examined. After 48–60 hours in active cultures with BioMnOx, the degradation of all the three substances was negligible. However, syringaldehyde increased the degradation efficiency by 26% for SMX, 58% for SNM, and 27% for ISX. The active culture and BioMnOx synergistically improved degradation, highlighting the importance of BioMnOx regeneration. Removal was partially reversible (10–30%) owing to the retransformation of the reaction products into parent compounds, which was induced by syringaldehyde depletion. Unstable reaction products were conjugates of SMX, SNM, and ISX with syringaldehyde or its oxidation product DMBQ (2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone). This deconjugation likely contributes to process reversibility, potentially negatively impacting the environment and the safety of water and wastewater treatment systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 5","pages":" 1291-1302"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}