Rare Metals最新文献

{"title":"Engineered Hf0.7Ti0.3O2 nanoparticles for efficient radiotherapy on rectal cancer via synergistically enhanced radiation deposition and ROS production","authors":"Juan Du, Yong-Long Ye, Chao Xie, Jun Luo, Kaiwei Xu, Yabing Sun, Liangxue Lai, Wenzhi Ren, Junming Guo, Aiguo Wu, Kaitai Liu","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03595-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-025-03595-2","url":null,"abstract":"Preoperative radiotherapy is a cornerstone of treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer, but intrinsic tumor cell radio resistance remains a primary obstacle limiting therapeutic efficacy. Herein, for the first time, we successfully constructed Hf0.7Ti0.3O2@PEG (HT) nanoparticles by introducing titanium (Ti) into hafnium dioxide (HfO2). These HT nanoparticles synergistically combined the superior X-ray energy deposition capability of Hf and the efficient radiation-induced ROS generation performance of Ti, leading to a 1.4-fold higher ROS yield compared to HfO2. Moreover, HT nanoparticles significantly enhanced radiosensitivity by inducing extensive DNA damage and oxidative stress in tumor cells. This resulted in a tumor inhibition rate of 87.7% ± 2.1% in mouse models. Notably, HT nanoparticles enabled a marked reduction in radiation dose while maintaining therapeutic efficacy and safety, overcoming the major limitation of conventional HfO2 nanoradiosensitizers in ROS generation. This study presents a promising new approach for rectal cancer radiotherapy and holds significant potential for improving outcomes in radioresistant rectal cancer.","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 12","pages":"10461-10474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147334235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural engineering of bimetallic copper molybdate with high energy storage performance for long-life hybrid supercapacitors","authors":"Muneerah Al-Aqeel","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03583-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03583-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Morphologically controlled synthesis of metal oxide-based materials has attracted significant attention to enable the capacity and redox performance of faradaic-type hybrid supercapacitors (H-SCs). In this work, we designed hollow-structured copper molybdate (Cu₃Mo₂O₉) with hollow flowers (CM HFs) and hollow spheres (HSs) were facilely prepared by solvent-mediated hydrothermal method. The aqueous environment in the hydrothermal system facilitates anisotropic crystal growth and self-assembly of nanoplates into three-dimensional CM HFs architecture, which showed high surface area and enhanced electrolyte accessibility. The electrochemical performance revealed that the CM HFs showed better redox behavior with longer charge–discharge times, and lower resistance compared to CM HSs. As a result, the CM HFs showed a higher specific capacitance of 530 F g⁻¹ at 2 A g⁻¹ and faster ion diffusion with a capacitance retention of 94.1% after 10,000 cycles. Moreover, a two-electrode H-SC was fabricated using CM HFs as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode, which achieved a high energy density of 33.24 Wh kg⁻¹ and a power density of 5250 W kg⁻¹ along with excellent cycling stability. Aiding from the high energy storage performance of H-SC, the devices in series successfully powered LEDs, demonstrating their potential for flexible and durable energy storage applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 12","pages":"10070 - 10083"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2D sp2 carbon-conjugated covalent organic frameworks: photocatalytic platforms for solar energy conversion","authors":"Bin Qi,&nbsp;Rongchen Shen,&nbsp;Ziyang Ke,&nbsp;Song Wang,&nbsp;Youji Li,&nbsp;Peng Zhang,&nbsp;Difa Xu,&nbsp;Xin Li","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03604-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03604-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The unique fully conjugated architecture and tunable electronic properties of 2D sp² carbon-conjugated covalent organic frameworks (sp²c-COFs) have established them as promising photocatalysts. This review systematically summarizes the synthetic strategies, photocatalytic applications and performance modulation mechanisms of sp²c-COFs, and provides an outlook on future research directions. First, we introduce the main synthetic methods for sp²c-COFs, including Knoevenagel condensation, Aldol condensation and Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reactions. Subsequently, we discuss in detail their photocatalytic applications in H₂ evolution, CO₂ reduction, H₂O₂ production, pollutant degradation, and selective organic transformations. Additionally, this review comprehensively discusses key photocatalytic regulation mechanisms, revealing how molecular design strategies can precisely control electronic structures, active site accessibility, and interfacial charge dynamics to enhance photocatalytic performance. Finally, we analyze the current challenges in the field and propose future research directions, including the development of novel synthetic strategies, deeper understanding of photocatalytic mechanisms, and the expansion of their applications in energy and environmental technologies. This work provides fundamental insights into structure–property relationships and paves the way for future photocatalytic systems.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 12","pages":"9543 - 9587"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The roadmap of carbon-based single-atom catalysts: rational design and electrochemical applications","authors":"Kaiyuan Liu,&nbsp;Liping Wang,&nbsp;Wenxing Chen,&nbsp;Zhiyi Sun,&nbsp;Huilong Geng,&nbsp;Yinqi Li,&nbsp;Ziwei Deng,&nbsp;Shuai Jiang,&nbsp;Boran Zhou,&nbsp;Kedi Yu,&nbsp;Liyuan Wei,&nbsp;Xin Gao,&nbsp;Zhuo Chen,&nbsp;Huazhang Zhai,&nbsp;Zhengbo Chen,&nbsp;Yahe Wu,&nbsp;Dingsheng Wang,&nbsp;Pengwan Chen","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03477-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03477-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon-based single-atom catalysts (SACs) have arisen as a revolutionary category of materials in electrocatalytic energy transformation, due to the atomically dispersed metal active sites, tunable coordination microenvironments, and ideal catalytic efficiency. This review systematically examines the rational design strategies and electrochemical applications on nitrogen-doped carbon-based SACs within a rational design, activity elucidation, and application development framework, focusing on critical reactions including hydrogen evolution, oxygen reduction, nitrogen reduction, oxygen evolution, and CO₂ reduction. Special emphasis is placed on innovative coordination engineering approaches, such as asymmetrical MN_<i>x</i> sites, axial coordination modulation, and bimetallic synergistic sites. These strategies elucidate the mechanisms of symmetry-breaking coordination and multi-ligand coupling in tailoring electronic configurations and intermediate adsorption energetics. Complementary insights from aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations are integrated to establish dynamic correlations between atomic-level structural descriptors (coordination number, bond length/angle) and electronic states (d-band center, charge transfer). This synthesis advances quantitative structure–activity relationship models linking coordination environment–electronic properties–catalytic performance. In the future, prospects center on interdisciplinary integration harnessing high-throughput robotic synthesis, artificial intelligence-driven design, and life cycle assessment frameworks to bridge atomic-scale precision with device-level implementation. Such efforts will accelerate the translation of SACs into transformative solutions for fuel cells, green hydrogen production, and carbon–neutral technologies, ultimately reshaping sustainable energy conversion landscapes.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 11","pages":"7987 - 8132"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145469296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An insight into intrinsic mechanism of voltage decay in Mn-full Li-rich layered cathodes for lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Yong Chen,&nbsp;Xiao-La Li,&nbsp;Xuan-He Yang,&nbsp;Wen-Zhao Huang,&nbsp;Yuan Xiao,&nbsp;Hua-Jun Xu,&nbsp;Juan-Juan Cheng,&nbsp;Dong Luo","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03593-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03593-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The widespread application of Li-rich manganese-based layered oxides (LROs), distinguished by their high energy density and low cost, is significantly constrained by voltage decay. The presently unresolved mechanism underlying this phenomenon impedes the development of effective countermeasures. Extensive research has established that voltage decay originates from irreversible oxygen release and structural evolution, but the relationship between these two factors remains incompletely characterized. This study investigates the impact of oxygen (O) redox and transition metal (TM) redox on voltage decay using Ni/Co-free Mn-full Li-rich layered oxides (MFLROs), which mitigates the confounding effects of concurrent Ni/Co redox and O redox. Electrochemical analysis demonstrates that stabilizing the O redox through Ti doping significantly inhibits voltage decay. Critically, multiple ex/in situ measurements and first-principles calculations reveal irreversible oxygen release as the dominant factor driving voltage decay. This insight establishes a foundational framework for addressing voltage decay in future research. </p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 12","pages":"9876 - 9886"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flow-engineered multiscale porous electrode design for promoting bubbles removal efficiency toward high-current–density hydrogen evolution reaction","authors":"Qing-Peng Sun,&nbsp;Ting-Ting Wang,&nbsp;Lu-Yi Shi,&nbsp;Yue Deng,&nbsp;Shao-Fei Zhang,&nbsp;Jin-Feng Sun,&nbsp;Jian-Li Kang,&nbsp;Tian-Tian Li,&nbsp;Man Li,&nbsp;Qi-Feng Mu","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03586-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03586-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Large-scale hydrogen production through water electrolysis at high current densities encounters significant challenges due to the sluggish bubble dynamics on tortuous nanoporous electrodes, which lead to increased activation loss and structural degradation. Drawing inspiration from the directional fluid transport properties of pipeline structures, this study introduces a bubble-guiding electrode design by integrating periodic, vertically aligned porous channels into dealloyed nanoporous NiCo alloy (denoted as PA_<i>x</i>-npNiCo, where <i>x</i> refers to the periodic spacing). The vertically aligned macro-channels create a split-path effect for both gas bubbles and electrolyte flow, maintaining stable bubble diffusion velocity and reducing the risk of bubble coalescence. Moreover, nanopores formed through chemical dealloying provide a high density of active sites, significantly boosting hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance. By combining high-speed camera observations with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, the optimized geometry of the flow-engineered channels has been identified, demonstrating exceptional bubble-guiding capabilities. The optimized PA₂₀₀-npNiCo electrode, featuring vertically aligned channels with a 200 µm period and three-dimensional (3D) nanopores on the ligaments, achieves a record current density of 981 mA cm⁻² at a low overpotential of 223 mV, while maintaining long-term stability over 450 h at 500 mA cm⁻². When using PA₂₀₀-npNiCo as both the cathode and anode in an electrolyzer, it requires only 1.97 V to achieve 400 mA cm⁻² and exhibits stable operation for 100 h at 1000 mA cm⁻². This work offers valuable insights into bubble dynamics for HER and highlights the significance of multiscale porous electrode architecture design for broader electrocatalytic gas-evolving applications.</p><h3>Graphic Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 12","pages":"10155 - 10171"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A facile synthesis of ternary PtCuNi nanoalloys as catalysts for the hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions both in alkaline and acidic media","authors":"Ilknur Baldan Isik,&nbsp;Zafer Eroglu,&nbsp;Dogan Kaya,&nbsp;Faruk Karadag,&nbsp;Ahmet Ekicibil,&nbsp;Onder Metin","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03579-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03579-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ternary PtCuNi nanoalloys with different Pt/Cu/Ni ratios were synthesized by using one-pot modified polyol method, and their electrocatalytic performance in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) was investigated in detail. The structural analysis of as-synthesized PtCuNi nanoalloys performed by using Rietveld refinement and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed that they have the cubic crystal phase with a space group of the face-centered cubic (fcc)—<i>Fm</i><span>(overline{3 })</span><i>m</i>, where the increasing Pt ratio increased the lattice parameter to 3.712 Å and decreased the crystal size to 1.59 ± 0.39 nm. All prepared nanoalloys showed a uniform spherical shape with an average particle size between 3 and 9 nm. The Pt₅₈Cu₁₅Ni₂₇ nanocatalyst with an average particle size of 3.62 nm shows that lowest Tafel slopes of 40 and 62 mV dec⁻¹ for HER region both in alkaline and acidic media, respectively. Chronoamperometry tests of Pt₅₈Cu₁₅Ni₂₇ nanocatalysts were performed at −0.3 mV (vs. RHE) in both acidic and alkaline solution displayed that they all exhibited excellent cycle stability. The Pt₅₈Cu₁₅Ni₂₇ nanocatalysts also exhibited the lowest overpotentials (<i>η</i>) at 10 mA cm⁻² of 1.36 V for OER in alkaline solution, while the Pt₉Cu₃₉Ni₅₂ demonstrated the lowest Tafel slopes of 30 and 44 mV dec⁻¹ for OER in both alkaline and acidic media, respectively. The enhanced electrocatalytic activity of the PtCuNi nanocatalysts is attributed to the stabilization of Pt through electron transfer from Cu and Ni in both reaction media, as well as their critical role in facilitating the cleavage of HO–H bonds during water splitting.</p>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 12","pages":"10172 - 10189"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupled graphene capsule enabling fast and stable lithium storage in micron-silicon anodes for lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Rui Zhang,&nbsp;Lin-Shan Zhu,&nbsp;Ye-Wei Yu,&nbsp;Jie Chen,&nbsp;Ping Liu,&nbsp;Chang Lu,&nbsp;Yi-Man Zhang,&nbsp;Zhao-Xin Meng,&nbsp;Yang-Ming Hu,&nbsp;Yong-Qiang Ji,&nbsp;Jie Yu,&nbsp;Pei-Lun Yu,&nbsp;Mei-Sheng Han,&nbsp;Yu-Liang Cao,&nbsp;Zhen-Wei Li","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03598-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03598-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Micron-Si is considered a highly promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity and cost-effectiveness. However, its practical implementation is severely hindered by excessive volume expansion and poor charge transport capability. To address these challenges, we propose a coupled graphene capsule strategy with built-in voids to encapsulate micron-Si particles. In this strategy, planar graphene (PG) serves as the capsule matrix, while vertically graphene (VG) is epitaxially grown from defects in PG, forming the coupled graphene capsule. The epitaxially grown VG not only heals the intrinsic defects of PG, thereby enhancing the mechanical robustness of the capsule, but also induces a pronounced tip-enhanced electric field effect due to its high-curvature apexes. This effect significantly facilitates rapid charge transport within the electrode. Benefiting from this strategy, the prepared composite (VG-PG@MSi) exhibits exceptional rate capability (692.3 mAh g⁻¹, 5C) and cycling stability (78.6%, capacity retention, 1000 cycles) at high areal capacity of 4.16 mAh cm⁻². This study not only introduces a new direction for the rational design of carbon coating architectures in silicon carbon anodes but also, for the first time, highlights the essential role of the tip-enhanced electric field effect for improving charge transfer in LIBs.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 12","pages":"9833 - 9849"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12598-025-03598-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spiral engineering for carbon fibers wrapped with CoNi nanoparticle showing great potential in multiband absorption, aerogelation and self-cleaning","authors":"Bo Jiang, Bo Long, Si Chen, Qingguo Li, Chao Zhang, Jin-Cheng Ma, Yaming Zhuang, Yifan Yang, Shuang‐Yan Lin, Yunyun Li","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03594-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-025-03594-3","url":null,"abstract":"Although carbon fiber electromagnetic wave absorbing materials have shown great potential in the field of electromagnetic protection, the currently reported carbon fiber-based absorbers are limited to the manipulation of composition and external structure, lacking the design of intrinsic morphology. To fill the above-mentioned gap, this work presents a spiral carbon fiber compounded with CoNi magnetic nanoparticles (CoNi@SCF). Attributed to its special morphology and dielectric-magnetic synergy, this material offers abundant attenuation mechanisms, demonstrating strong absorption at multiple frequencies with broadband application potential. In particular, the maximum reflection loss and effective absorption bandwidth of CoNi@SCF reach −66.5 dB at 2.9 mm and 6.6 GHz at 2.1 mm, respectively, and the maximum RCS reduction value of 41.5 dB m2 also confirms the actual efficiency. In addition, gelation and hydrophobic modification experiments have been explored to meet the requirements for the employment of magnetic carbon fibers in practical scenarios. Therefore, this work may provide new inspiration for the design and manufacture of novel magnetic carbon fiber absorbers with great stability and multiband absorption performance.","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 12","pages":"10580-10593"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital modeling and intelligent control methods for lithium deposition evolutions","authors":"Yefan Sun,&nbsp;Zhaoxia Peng,&nbsp;Xiaopeng Zhu,&nbsp;Xinkai Zhang,&nbsp;Xinhua Liu,&nbsp;Shichun Yang,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Yan,&nbsp;Justice Delali Akoto,&nbsp;Nadeen S. B. M. Alotaibi,&nbsp;Rui Tan","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03549-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03549-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lithium metal anodes are critical for next generation high energy density batteries due to their ultrahigh theoretical capacity and low electrochemical potential. However, uncontrolled dendritic lithium growth during deposition causes severe issues such as internal short circuits, reduced Coulombic efficiency, and rapid capacity fading, significantly hindering practical application. Conventional experimental methods struggle to capture the dynamic, nanoscale interfacial reactions and complex three-dimensional lithium morphological evolution during cycling. In this context, digital modeling and intelligent control offer promising new avenues for investigating and managing lithium deposition behavior. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in digital characterization techniques, multiphysics modeling, and simulations for lithium metal anodes, focusing on elucidating the thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms behind dendrite nucleation, growth, and suppression. Moreover, we highlight how intelligent regulation strategies—particularly those utilizing machine learning and data driven closed loop feedback, which can guide uniform lithium deposition—enable real-time optimization of interfacial conditions. We envision future directions for digital battery research, emphasizing three transformative trends: \"Reliable data replaces expert experience, Computing power surpasses human brainpower and Machine substitution for human labor\", laying a theoretical foundation for developing safe, long life lithium metal batteries.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 12","pages":"9446 - 9474"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}