Recovery of CdS photocatalyst from spent Ni–Cd batteries using a thiosulfate leaching system and UV photolysis precipitation

IF 9.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Rare Metals Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI:10.1007/s12598-024-03185-8

Chao Han, Feng-Ling Liu, Qing Tao, Yong Liu, Qian-Kun Jing, Heinz-Rolf Stock, Guang-Xin Wang, Ning Ma

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Abstract

This study addresses the global problem of the detoxification of cadmium (Cd)-containing solid waste by developing an eco-friendly thiosulfate system for extracting the negative electrode materials from spent Ni–Cd batteries and proposing an ultraviolet (UV) photolysis technology for the green recycling of the Cd in the resultant leached solution. Cd extraction is performed using both simple thiosulfate and cuprous thiosulfate systems, with the cuprous thiosulfate system exhibiting a superior leaching performance (80%), as compared with that of the simple thiosulfate system (36%). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses reveal the formation of copper sulfide on the surface of the Ni–Cd batteries leaching residue, which is confirmed by Cd-leaching kinetics fitting using the shrinking-core model. Following UV exposure, 95% of the Cd precipitates from the leaching solution to form CdS. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization and particle size distribution reveal that the CdS contains 100–150 nm-diameter spherical particles with compact surface structures. Electrochemical performance tests and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectra (UV–Vis DRS) analyses demonstrate that the UV-photolysis product exhibits excellent photoelectric conversion characteristics. Photocatalytic activity tests of the recovered CdS confirm that the photocatalytic degradation ratio of methyl orange is 87%, indicating the successful green recycling of Cd from spent Ni–Cd batteries, which improves its potential application in the field of photocatalysis.

Graphical abstract

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硫代硫酸盐浸出-紫外光解沉淀法从废镍镉电池中回收CdS光催化剂

本研究通过开发一种环保的硫代硫酸盐系统来提取废镍镉电池的负极材料，并提出了一种紫外线光解技术来绿色回收所产生的浸出溶液中的镉，从而解决了含镉固体废物的解毒问题。采用简单硫代硫酸盐和硫代硫酸盐亚铜体系进行镉萃取，硫代硫酸盐亚铜体系的浸出性能（80%）优于简单硫代硫酸盐体系（36%）。x射线衍射（XRD）和x射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析揭示了镍镉电池浸出渣表面有硫化铜的形成，并通过缩核模型拟合cd浸出动力学证实了这一点。紫外线照射后，95%的镉从浸出液中沉淀形成镉。透射电镜（TEM）表征和粒径分布表明，CdS含有直径100 ~ 150 nm的球形颗粒，表面结构紧凑。电化学性能测试和紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）分析表明，紫外光解产物具有良好的光电转换特性。回收Cd的光催化活性测试证实，甲基橙的光催化降解率为87%，表明废镍镉电池中Cd的绿色回收成功，提高了其在光催化领域的应用潜力。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Rare Metals 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

12.10

自引率

12.50%

发文量

2919

审稿时长

2.7 months

期刊介绍： Rare Metals is a monthly peer-reviewed journal published by the Nonferrous Metals Society of China. It serves as a platform for engineers and scientists to communicate and disseminate original research articles in the field of rare metals. The journal focuses on a wide range of topics including metallurgy, processing, and determination of rare metals. Additionally, it showcases the application of rare metals in advanced materials such as superconductors, semiconductors, composites, and ceramics.