Rare Metals最新文献

{"title":"Scalable synthesis of pitch-derived soft carbon with graphitic nanodomains embedded in amorphous matrix for high-energy pouch-type lithium-ion capacitors","authors":"Heqiang Liu,&nbsp;Xiong Zhang,&nbsp;Chen Li,&nbsp;Shasha Zhao,&nbsp;Yabin An,&nbsp;Yibo Ma,&nbsp;Xianzhong Sun,&nbsp;Kai Wang,&nbsp;Yanwei Ma","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03619-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03619-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Promising energy storage devices, lithium-ion capacitors (LICs), integrate the high energy density characteristic of lithium-ion batteries with the superior power density found in supercapacitors. A key challenge impeding their practical deployment, however, is the kinetic disparity between the cathode’s rapid charge acceptance and the anode’s sluggish reaction rates. Herein, we present a cost-effective strategy to address this limitation through the rational design of pitch-derived soft carbon anodes. By precisely controlling the carbonization process of pitch, the pitch-based soft carbon material (PC800) synthesized at a carbonization temperature of 800 °C exhibits a unique hybrid structure consisting of an amorphous carbon matrix embedded with graphitic nanodomains. This hierarchical structure not only provides abundant active sites and efficient ion diffusion pathways, but also ensures rapid electron transport, thereby enabling excellent rate capability. The PC800 electrode delivers a remarkable reversible capacity of 319.2 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹ and maintains 131.6 mAh g⁻¹ even at 5 A g⁻¹. When assembled into a full-cell LIC with activated carbon cathode, the device achieves a high energy density of 159.4 Wh kg⁻¹ at 246.7 W kg⁻¹ and retains 42.8 Wh kg⁻¹ under a high power density of 11 kW kg⁻¹ (based on the total mass of active materials). Notably, the scaled-up production of PC800 demonstrates excellent structural stability and electrochemical consistency in pouch-type LICs, achieving an energy density of 30 Wh kg⁻¹ based on the overall device mass. This work highlights the feasibility of transforming low-cost pitch precursors into high-performance carbon anodes through structural engineering, thereby enabling the industrial development of advanced LICs with balanced energy and power characteristics. </p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 12","pages":"10108 - 10122"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive review of novel two-dimensional fullerene network: synthesis, theoretical investigations, and applications","authors":"Yong Wang,&nbsp;Ke Zhang,&nbsp;Yang Zhao,&nbsp;Zhen-Hua Wu,&nbsp;Yuan-Yuan Zhou,&nbsp;Shu-Long Li,&nbsp;Xiao-Qiang Wu,&nbsp;Li Li,&nbsp;Chuan Ke,&nbsp;Lin Xu,&nbsp;Jia-Bao Yi,&nbsp;Yong Zhao,&nbsp;Jian-Ping Long,&nbsp;Liang Qiao","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03626-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03626-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials have attracted considerable research attention due to their exceptional electronic and optical properties. Among these emerging materials, a novel 2D fullerene (C₆₀) network-composed of C₆₀ structural units has gained prominence, exhibiting remarkable characteristics that arise from its unique conjugated carbon structure. Despite the increasing interest in 2D fullerene networks, there is a notable lack of comprehensive reviews since the groundbreaking synthesis of these materials in 2022. This review intends to fill this gap by offering a thorough analysis of the recent advancements in the study of the 2D fullerene network, encompassing the synthesis methods, theoretical investigations revealing the physical properties and potential applications, as well as versatile applications ranging from photo-electrochemical catalysis to organic solvent separation. By providing a thorough overview of the current state of research on 2D fullerene networks, this review aims to equip researchers with a valuable resource, enabling them to further investigate the vast potential of this innovative material.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 12","pages":"9726 - 9746"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible graphene–nickel thiophosphate hybrids enabling fast kinetics and ultrahigh capacity for potassium-ion storage","authors":"Hu Wu,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Wan-Dong Li,&nbsp;Long Li,&nbsp;Na Li,&nbsp;Ming Xu,&nbsp;Xu Li,&nbsp;Ting Gao,&nbsp;Huan Wang,&nbsp;Amr M. Abdelkader,&nbsp;Shu-Jiang Ding,&nbsp;Kai Xi,&nbsp;Guo-Xin Gao","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03637-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03637-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exploring high-performance electrode materials are indispensable for the commercialization of potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). Nickel thiophosphate (NPS), a representative ternary metal thiophosphate, holds great promise as an anode due to its high theoretical capacity and distinctive layered structure, yet still facing critical challenges such as rapid capacity decay and sluggish rate performance. Herein, we developed a flexible, self-supporting composite film anode by integrating high-purity NPS nanosheets within a three-dimensional (3D) conductive scaffold composed of nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) and single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) via simple vacuum filtration method. The resulting hybrid film features abundant heterointerfaces, which enhance electron/ion transport, accommodate volume changes, and stabilize the electrode structure. As a result, the anode delivers high potassium storage capacity of 643.5 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹ and maintains 163.9 mAh g⁻¹ at 10 A g⁻¹, showcasing excellent rate performance. Full cell assemblies exhibit stable cycling performance with a reversible capacity of 207.8 mAh g⁻¹ after 100 cycles. Combined crystallography and valence state analyses reveal a disordered phase transition in crystalline NPS during potassiation, indicating a dual mechanism involving both conversion and alloying reactions. This study offers valuable insights into the rational design of advanced anode materials for next-generation PIBs.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 12","pages":"10007 - 10019"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygen vacancy–engineered Bi–Mn–Al oxide / reduced graphene oxide heterojunctions for high–performance supercapacitors","authors":"Man Zhang,&nbsp;Zhi-Chao Shang,&nbsp;Lei Wang,&nbsp;Tong-De Wang,&nbsp;Dong-Dong Zhu,&nbsp;Duo Dong,&nbsp;Hai-Tao Xu,&nbsp;Ning Fang,&nbsp;Volker Presser,&nbsp;Ji-Qiu Qi,&nbsp;Sanjith Udayakumar,&nbsp;Liu Zhu,&nbsp;Yan-Wei Sui,&nbsp;Pei-Zhong Feng","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03653-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03653-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work presents a novel approach to enhance the specific energy of supercapacitors by developing Bi₂O₃/Mn₃O₄/Mn₂AlO₄(O_V)/rGO multiphase oxygen vacancy heterostructures via dealloying and hydrothermal self-growth strategy. The synergy between reduced graphene oxide (rGO) heterostructures and oxygen vacancy defects generates an internal polarized electric field that accelerates ion transport and enhances electrochemical response through an interconnected conductive network. This innovation extends the operating voltage from 0.6 to 0.8 V, significantly improving material energy storage. An asymmetric supercapacitor assembled with Bi₂O₃/Mn₃O₄/Mn₂AlO₄(O_V)/rGO//rGO delivers a specific energy of 333 Wh kg⁻¹ and a specific power of 6.3 kW kg⁻¹ at a cell voltage of 4.9 V. At the highest specific power (31 kW kg⁻¹), the specific energy remains at 204 Wh kg⁻¹. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations further validate that the synergy of oxygen vacancies and heterostructures enhances conductivity, narrows the bandgap, and improves surface properties, unveiling novel theoretical perspectives on ion transport dynamics within oxygen vacancy heterostructures.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 12","pages":"10096 - 10107"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high-temperature resistant quasi-solid Sn–air battery with a Ni3(HITP)2-modified Sn anode","authors":"Ya Han,&nbsp;Ying-Jian Yu","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03654-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03654-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tin–air batteries (TABs) exhibit high safety and low cost, and are expected to be used in electric vehicles and portable electronic devices. However, challenges such as the irregular deposition of tin (Sn) particles on Sn anodes, surface passivation, and significant hydrogen evolution have hindered the development of high-performance TABs. To address these challenges, this study introduces quasi-solid TABs (QSTABs) with satisfactory high-temperature resistance. A conductive metal–organic framework (c-MOF), particularly Ni₃(HITP)₂, was synthesized and deposited onto the Sn anode surface. The porous structure of c-MOF increased the specific surface area of the Sn anode, improved electronic conductivity and facilitated the absorption and release of ions during charge and discharge cycling. Theoretical calculations revealed that Ni₃(HITP)₂ provided more electron donor sites to coordinate with Sn²⁺ and inhibited hydrogen release. Additionally, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was incorporated into the organic gel polymer electrolytes (OGPEs) to significantly enhance their water retention, ensuring stable operation of QSTABs between 25 and 50 °C. Notably, QSTABs assembled with CMC-OGPE/Sn@Ni₃(HITP)₂ exhibited a fine cycle life of over 200 cycles at 50 °C. The electronic c-MOF material effectively inhibited metal shedding and side reactions on the Sn anode. These findings provide valuable guidance for developing QSTABs with high-temperature resistance.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 12","pages":"10034 - 10051"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scalable one-pot spray pyrolysis with in situ polymerization for uniform yolk–shell microspheres: novel formation mechanism and application as high-performance potassium-ion battery anodes","authors":"Tae Ha Kim,&nbsp;Sang-Hyun Kim,&nbsp;Jung Sang Cho,&nbsp;Yun Chan Kang,&nbsp;Gi Dae Park","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03636-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03636-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Yolk–shell structures, defined by their core@void@shell architecture, have garnered considerable interest due to their tunable physical and chemical properties, which make them suitable for applications in nanoreactors, drug delivery, energy storage, biosensing, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering. However, conventional synthesis techniques, such as templating and non-templating liquid-phase methods, are often labor-intensive, time-consuming, and challenging to scale. Recently, spray pyrolysis has gained attention as a rapid, one-pot, and continuous synthesis method offering high scalability and production efficiency. This study presents a novel strategy for synthesizing uniform yolk–shell microspheres via spray pyrolysis, augmented by in situ polymerization and the addition of a drying control agent. By systematically varying carbon sources, including citric acid, ethylene glycol, sucrose, and polyvinylpyrrolidone, their influence on particle size distribution and yolk–shell formation were investigated. A novel formation mechanism involving metal–metal oxide–carbon intermediates was proposed to explain the observed morphologies. This approach led to enhanced spherical uniformity and structural consistency, supported by the use of drying control agents. As a case study, nickel oxide yolk–shell particles were synthesized and subsequently converted into nickel sulfide@C microspheres, which exhibited promising performances as anode materials in potassium-ion batteries. Overall, this method provides a scalable, efficient, and versatile route for fabricating yolk–shell structures with customizable features for advanced technological applications.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 12","pages":"9986 - 10006"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delocalized electron‐enhanced photo‐regeneration based on nanosheet g‐C ₃ N ₄ enables reusable electrochemical antibiotic sensing","authors":"Shenglin He, Yi‐Kai Wen, Shulin Gao, Sujuan Hu","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03649-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-025-03649-5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Surface contamination caused by oxidation by‐products severely compromises the signal stability and reusability of electrochemical sensors. However, achieving rapid and complete regeneration of electrode activity under mild conditions remains a challenge. Herein, we develop a delocalized‐electron‐driven photocatalytic regeneration strategy by nanosheet‐like g‐C 3 N 4 with extended π‐conjugation. Compared with bulk g‐C 3 N 4 , the nanosheet structure promotes electron delocalization, facilitates interfacial charge transfer, and enhances the generation of reactive oxygen species, thereby accelerating the photodegradation of surface‐bound fouling species. In‐situ electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy provides strong evidence for the dynamic formation of delocalized electrons and radical intermediates during regeneration. As a result, the sensor exhibits complete signal recovery within 12 min under sunlight and maintains high detection accuracy over 35 regeneration cycles, with a detection limit of ~ 70 nM. This work provides a mild solution to the design of regenerable sensing platforms.","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 12","pages":"10356-10367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147908561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MXene@Montmorillonite heterostructure with fast lithium-ion transport and polysulfide conversion kinetics assisting high-capacitive lithium-sulfur batteries","authors":"Hong-Lian Jian,&nbsp;Zhi-Hong Luo,&nbsp;Xiao-Li Chen,&nbsp;Jiao-Jing Shao,&nbsp;Yan Shi,&nbsp;Long Li,&nbsp;Peng Xu,&nbsp;Ai-Hua Wang,&nbsp;Xue Chen,&nbsp;Guang-Min Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03635-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03635-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lithium-sulfur batteries are one of the most promising next-generation energy storage systems, while their real application is largely limited by the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). Herein, an interlayer based on a heterostructure consisting of MXene and two-dimensional montmorillonite (MXene@MMT) is developed via an electrostatic self-assembly strategy. Such a heterostructure possesses strong adsorption ability for LiPSs and can accelerate the conversion reaction from liquid LiPSs to solid Li₂S in virtue of its strong adsorption, high conductivity, and good catalytic activity. Furthermore, this heterostructure not only effectively blocks the migration of polysulfides, but also provides low energy barrier and rich pathways for Li⁺ transport. Ultimately, the as-assembled Li–S batteries with the MXene@MMT based interlayer deliver a high initial discharge capacity of 1375.5 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1C and long-term cycling stability with 500 mAh g⁻¹ remaining over 500 cycles under a high rate of 2C. In a practical demonstration, the as-sembled soft pack battery achieved an initial discharge capacity of 733 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1C and still retained a high capacity of 402 mAh g⁻¹ after 100 cycles.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div><p>\u0000A heterostructure in which two-dimensional (2D) montmorillonite (MMT) nanosheets uniformly inserted between MXene layers is developed. Such a heterostructure possesses strong adsorption ability for polysulfides and rich catalytic sites for the polysulfide conversion, as well as provides low energy barrier and rich pathways for lithium ion transport, which finally enhances the electrochemical reaction kinetics and help realize high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 12","pages":"9938 - 9950"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic interfacial molecular design for high-performance and eco-friendly perovskite solar cells","authors":"Xinjing Chen,&nbsp;Yongjia Li,&nbsp;Haoyu Zhao,&nbsp;Wenhui Meng,&nbsp;Dehua Wang,&nbsp;Shufang Zhang,&nbsp;Hai Zhong,&nbsp;Changlin Yao,&nbsp;Qi Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03596-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03596-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is significantly hindered by intrinsic defects in solution-processed polycrystalline films, which promote nonradiative recombination and accelerate material degradation, coupled with environmental issues arising from the potential leaching of toxic lead (Pb) species upon device failure. This work presents a multifunctional molecular interfacial engineering strategy by incorporating 4-chlorophenyl dichlorophosphate (4-CP) to optimize the SnO₂ electron transport layer/perovskite interface. The triple functionality of 4-CP enables synergistic defect passivation, crystallization modulation, and Pb immobilization. Owing to electronegativity differences, the phosphate groups in 4-CP effectively passivate SnO₂ surface oxygen vacancies via strong coordination, while the expelled hydrophobic phenyl rings and C–Cl bonds regulate perovskite grain growth and anchor Pb²⁺. The optimized device achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.25% with increased stability. Remarkably, 4-CP modification reduces Pb leakage by 89%; the Pb²⁺ leaching concentration from 4-CP-modified devices lower than 30 ppb which is far below the safety threshold (50 ppb) of China's Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838–2002). Moreover, the 4-CP-modified devices retained 92% of its initial PCE after rigorous aging (25 °C, 85% RH, 1000 h), demonstrating exceptional operational stability. This multifunctional interface engineering approach provides a groundbreaking pathway toward high-performance, eco-conscious PSCs.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div><p>This study introduces a rationally designed trifunctional molecule (4-CP) that synergistically passivates SnO₂/perovskite interfacial defects, guides perovskite crystallization, and immobilizes toxic Pb²⁺, achieving a record PCE of 25.25% with 89% Pb leakage reduction and exceptional thermal stability, redefining multifunctional molecular engineering for high-performance and eco-safe perovskite solar cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 12","pages":"10123 - 10132"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering metal-based nanomaterials for gas-evolving cancer therapeutics: advances and challenges","authors":"Yanan Zhao,&nbsp;Tianqi Li,&nbsp;Linxuan Wu,&nbsp;Haibo Shao,&nbsp;Xiaoqian Xu","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03650-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12598-025-03650-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cancer is a major ongoing threat to human survival and health worldwide due to its high incidence and mortality. Recently, gas therapy has attracted extensive attention as a novel cancer treatment with good biosafety, high efficiency, and few side effects. Given the low solubility and nontargetability of gas molecules, however, various delivery materials have been developed as gas carriers to increase the therapeutic effects of gas treatment. Nanocarriers based on metallic materials have attracted extensive attention because of their stability and biocompatibility. They can undergo gradual degradation to enable the sustained release of bioactive ions, which exert multiple functions, including interference with tumor cell metabolism and immune regulation. This review focuses on the therapeutic mechanisms of various gases used in tumor therapy, including nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), hydrogen (H₂), oxygen (O₂), and sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and related research progress. The targeted delivery of gas donors and the controlled release of reactive gas are achieved through the structural design and functional optimization of gas delivery metallic nanomaterials, which are regulated by multiple exogenous or endogenous stimuli. Furthermore, synergistic combinations of gas therapy with other cancer treatment modalities, such as radiotherapy (RT), phototherapy, and ultrasonic therapy, are comprehensively summarized. Finally, the existing challenges and potential development possibilities of gas-mediated cancer therapy based on metallic nanomaterials are discussed. This review provides insight into the potential development of antitumor strategies to promote the controlled release of gas molecules on-demand for the effective eradication of tumor tissues.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 12","pages":"9799 - 9821"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}