Tetrahedron chemPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100115
Mikhail A. Emelyanov , Alexander V. Bachinskiy , Yana V. Derkach , Vasiliy A. Chaliy , Alexander F. Smol'yakov , Michael G. Medvedev , Aleksei A. Titov , Victor I. Maleev , Vladimir A. Larionov
{"title":"Design of a chiral molecular pocket in a Ni(II) complex to improve stereoselectivity in the kinetic resolution of racemic epoxides with CO2","authors":"Mikhail A. Emelyanov , Alexander V. Bachinskiy , Yana V. Derkach , Vasiliy A. Chaliy , Alexander F. Smol'yakov , Michael G. Medvedev , Aleksei A. Titov , Victor I. Maleev , Vladimir A. Larionov","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The kinetic resolution of racemic epoxides using the carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) molecule is of significant practical interest because the reaction yields the valuable products – enantiomerically enriched cyclic carbonates (1,3-dioxolan-2-ones), along with the remaining opposite enantiomer of the epoxide. However, one is the main challenges in this direction is the absence of the universal and efficient chiral catalytic systems for the resolution of different epoxides by CO<sub>2</sub> with a high selectivity factor (<em>s</em>). In this context, we herein present a perspective proof-of-concept approach for the improvement of stereoselectivity in the resolution of terminal epoxides by a rational design of an appropriate chiral molecular pocket in a Ni(II) complex based on commercially available (<em>S</em>)-(2-aminomethyl)pyrrolidine and 3,5-di-<em>tert</em>-butylsalicylaldehyde. The obtained chiral Ni(II) complex with iodide-anion catalyzes the kinetic resolution of epoxides by CO<sub>2</sub> with <em>s</em>-factor up to 7.8, while the addition of a suitable chiral ligand to this system, particularly, (<em>S</em>)-(2-anilinomethyl)pyrrolidine led to the increasing of <em>s</em>-factor up to 11.5 in the case of challenging styrene oxide (<em>ee</em> of styrene cyclic carbonate was 82%) which is being one of the best results for this substrate to date. It is gratifying to note that even achiral co-ligands can be used, greatly simplifying the catalytic system. The experimental and spectral data and DFT calculations revealed the mechanism of catalysis and enantioselection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron chemPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100114
Artem A. Antonov , Konstantin P. Bryliakov
{"title":"Direct selective azidation of C(sp3)−H groups","authors":"Artem A. Antonov , Konstantin P. Bryliakov","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic azides are convenient and versatile intermediates for the synthesis of various nitrogen-containing scaffolds, including biologically active compounds, approved drugs, functional materials, etc. Designing general approaches to deliberately chemo-, regio-, and steroselective synthesis of aliphatic azides is an urgent task of synthetic chemistry. Particularly challenging is direct azidation of non-activated C(sp<sup>3</sup>)−H groups, capable of providing ready access to remote and late-stage functionalization of complex targets without need for re-designing existing multistep synthetic procedures. This contribution surveys the C(sp<sup>3</sup>)−H azidation approaches known to date, both non-catalytic and catalytic, including enzyme-mediated ones, with the major focus on the synthetic perspective of these transformations. Essential mechanistic details are briefly discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142742882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron chemPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100107
Bartolo Gabriele
{"title":"Palladium iodide catalyzed oxidative carbonylations","authors":"Bartolo Gabriele","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the first publication in 1992, the PdI<sub>2</sub>/KI-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation reaction has emerged as a powerful methodology for the multicomponent and sustainable synthesis of high value added carbonylated compounds (esters, amides, lactones, lactams, ureas, oxazolidinones, cyclic carbonates, and so on) starting from simple feedstocks (alkynes, alcohols, amines, etc) in combination with carbon monoxide as the simplest and atom-economical source of the carbonyl group. The main feature of this methodology is related to the possibility to catalytically assembly several simple units in an ordered sequence to produce carbonylated derivatives in a selective way under conditions that employ the greenest and most convenient oxidation agent available (that is, oxygen from air) with formation of water as benign coproduct.</div><div>In this Review, I will illustrate the achievements that have been realized in this exciting field of research in the course of the years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Palladium-catalyzed desymmetric coupling reaction between silacyclobutanes and terminal alkynes for the synthesis of silicon-stereogenic allyl vinylsilanes","authors":"Zhi-Yuan Chen , Zi-Lu Wang , Jin-Bo Zhao , Yun-He Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A palladium/TADDOL-derived phosphonate catalyzed desymmetric ring-opening coupling bewteen prochiral silacyclobutanes and alkyl terminal alkynes was developed. This catalytic system facilitates the formation of optically active allyl vinylsilane compounds featuring a quaternary silicon-stereogenic center, achieving good to high yields and moderate to good enantiomeric ratios. This approach significantly broaden the scope of ring-opening desymmetrization reactions involving silacyclobutanes under transition metal catalysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100093"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666951X24000329/pdfft?md5=073e3035c3d6920f145a27af2ba1c7ee&pid=1-s2.0-S2666951X24000329-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron chemPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100110
K.A. Viraj Miyuranga , Kaitlin E. Ashcraft , Spencer P. Pitre
{"title":"A modern approach to intermittent illumination for the characterization of chain-propagation in photoredox catalysis","authors":"K.A. Viraj Miyuranga , Kaitlin E. Ashcraft , Spencer P. Pitre","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photoredox catalysis has become an invaluable tool for the construction of organic molecules, allowing for unparalleled control over radical intermediates enabled by the mild conditions achieved through visible-light activation of a photocatalyst. These reactions can be classified under two distinct mechanistic paradigms: closed photocatalytic cycles, and photoinitiated chain reactions. While optimization strategies for each of these classes of reaction differ significantly, organic chemists still lack a straightforward means for probing chain-propagation. In this work, we report a simple and accessible approach to performing intermittent illumination studies for characterizing chain reactions in photoredox catalysis. Using modern LED technologies to precisely control the rate of sample illumination, we were able to validate the presence or absence of product-forming chain reactions in four previously reported photoredox protocols. Furthermore, this technique also allows for the determination of chain-propagating lifetimes through a simple graphical analysis. Given the operational simplicity and ease of accessibility, we believe this intermittent illumination technique will be of great value to practitioners of the field moving forward.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pd(II)-catalyzed C–H annulation and lactonization of indole-2-carboxamides with hydroxyalkynoates using air as an oxidant","authors":"Kiran Aswale , Rajashaker Bantu , B. Sridhar , B.V. Subba Reddy","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel palladium(II) catalyzed C–H annulation strategy has been developed for the synthesis of a diverse range of furo[3′,4':5,6]pyrido[3,4-<em>b</em>]indole-1,5(3<em>H</em>)-dione scaffolds. This is the first report on the construction of polycyclic carboline frameworks from indole-2-carboxamides and 4-hydroxy-2-alkynoates. This method provides a direct access to fused carbolines that are closely resemble to biologically active <em>β</em>-carboline frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron chemPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100116
Binbin Huang
{"title":"Photo- and electro-chemical strategies for indazole synthesis","authors":"Binbin Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The indazole core is prevalently found in the structures of bioactive molecules, demonstrating promising potential in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery, which therefore has attracted sustained attention from the synthetic community. Over the recent decades, significant progress has been achieved in both organic photocatalysis and electrosynthesis, offering novel approaches for the efficient and sustainable synthesis of various functionalized indazoles. This mini-review highlights the emerging methodological advancements in photo-/electro-chemical synthesis of two common forms of indazole, namely 1<em>H</em>- and 2<em>H</em>-indazoles, which are classified by specific intramolecular bond formation patterns: (1) C–C bond formation, (2) C–N bond formation, and (3) N–N bond formation. The reaction conditions, representative scopes, and mechanistic understandings of these protocols are emphasized, to elucidate the advantages and limitations in current strategies, with an aim to inspire future innovations that may address challenges in modern indazole synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74918,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron chem","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143129867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}