Soil security最新文献

{"title":"Governing soils sustainably in India: Establishing policies and implementing strategies through local governance","authors":"Stephanie Katsir ,&nbsp;A.K. Biswas ,&nbsp;Kshithij Urs ,&nbsp;Narendra Kumar Lenka ,&nbsp;Pramod Jha ,&nbsp;Kim Arora","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Years of chemical-intensive agricultural practices following the Green Revolution in the late 1960s have led to extensive soil degradation in India. This has implications for food security, farmers’ incomes, and the country's economy. However, domestic top-down policy mandates in recent times have favoured practices like natural farming with a view to slow down and eventually halt soil degradation. This is in line with the international Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), one of which is focused on restoring degraded lands (SDG 15.3 aims to strive achieve land degradation neutrality). Taking cue from recent policy mandates on soil and land, this chapter posits the historical significance of the Panchayat — a village-level administrative institution in India — and argues for its involvement in policy implementation for soil rehabilitation at the village level, The article also makes a case for the introduction of an overarching National Soil Policy to encourage natural farming practices and biofertilizer use.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667006224000066/pdfft?md5=d0d24d107684e63e72eb7fb3e654a4f7&pid=1-s2.0-S2667006224000066-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140091235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Institutional arrangements to decarbonise rural land in Australia","authors":"Ian Hannam","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This chapter discusses various institutional arrangements associated with rural decarbonisation law, policy and programs in Australia. Climate change is of significant global and national importance that there are numerous key bodies contributing to the development of sustainable environmental policy and best-practice frameworks. However there remains a need for a long-term approach to the risk-management of the impacts on farmers of various instruments aimed at managing rural decarbonisation and protecting Australia's natural ‘on-farm’ capital advantage. A clear and comprehensive soil carbon management strategy for rural areas in Australia is essential to ensure that rural land holders can access a variety of methods and technologies that will be viable and substantially improve on-farm carbon management and reduce the emission of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. There is a number of ways to address the complexities, uncertainties, fragmented supply chains and the potential unfairness of additionality requirements, which may perversely impact on those who have been good land stewards. There is also a variety of ways to reduce the inefficiencies of the processes applied to approve and supervise the different methodologies. More effective landholder driven engagement is critical to maximise involvement, especially at the farmer and service provider level, and to increase the carbon, biodiversity and farm water schemes available. Fundamentally, there will be many benefits from an institutional system in Australia that can adopt and harmonize across international and national standards and reporting methodologies that transition to the local level and assist farmers to gain access to aligned end-markets, capital and stakeholder support that will improve management of the carbon cycle of rural land for the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667006224000054/pdfft?md5=a93123b708d532c2af499da8906918cc&pid=1-s2.0-S2667006224000054-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139632596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thinking about soil health: A conceptual framework","authors":"Erik Lichtenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper uses a dynamic economic model to take a holistic view of what constitutes soil health. The model considers actions taken over multiple periods of time to maximize the combined value of crop production, environmental quality, and investments in soil characteristics net of the costs of those actions. The model makes it clear that how soil health is assessed depends on the set of services soils provide and on the value that society places on those services. The temporal and spatial variability of those services and their values implies that the characteristics defining healthy soils will be location-specific and time-dependent. An additional implication is that an index of soil health valid for all places and times is unlikely to be feasible, although a soil health index that is “good enough” for specific locations at specific times may well be possible. Empirical evidence indicates that choices about managing soils generally involve tradeoffs, i.e., that “win-win” actions that increase agricultural productivity, improve environmental quality, and build up stocks of desirable soil characteristics are unlikely to occur. Assessments of soil health are most productively conducted by focusing on aspects of agricultural productivity, environmental quality, and soil characteristics of primary importance while ignoring those of secondary importance. Greater interdisciplinary cooperation between economists, soil scientists, and environmental scientists is likely the most fruitful path for making progress in developing methods for measuring soil health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667006224000042/pdfft?md5=4d3140047042f45e631742547c11f6ab&pid=1-s2.0-S2667006224000042-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139636895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Criminal liability for soil pollution in Western Europe and Ukraine: A comparative study","authors":"Roman Movchan ,&nbsp;Dmitriy Kamensky","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Based on acomparative approach, this article examines issues of criminal liability for soil pollution in several Western European countries and Ukraine. National criminal statutes, their elements, forms of culpability in particular, are examined in detail. Based on the research results, certain conclusions are drawn with an eye on improving criminal laws of both European countries and Ukraine. In particular, the approach is supported, where: (a) the amount of damage, caused by the land pollution, is formalized; (b) sanctions for intentional and careless actions are properly differentiated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667006224000030/pdfft?md5=f480baa34defa6f3ab6fc76ea0a8af12&pid=1-s2.0-S2667006224000030-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139632516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Staggered Contour Trenches and Hillside Ditches on surface runoff and soil loss on steep slopes in shaded coffee (Coffea arabica), Costa Rica","authors":"Teresa Palominos-Rizzo ,&nbsp;Mario Villatoro-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Darwin Paguada-Pérez ,&nbsp;Alfredo Alvarado-Hernández ,&nbsp;Víctor Cortés-Granados ,&nbsp;Silvia Marín-Araya","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soil erosion is one of the main causes of soil degradation and an important environmental problem, often accelerated by human activities. Different types of soil and water conservation measures (SWCM) have been implemented in worldwide to control soil loss, such as Staggered Contour Trenches (SCT) and Hillside ditches (HD) which are recommended in topographies up to 40 % slope. This study measured the effects of STC and HD, on surface runoff, soil loss, exposed of organic matter and soil moisture content, in a shaded coffee crop with steep slopes in an Entisol soil. Nine runoff plots were installed in Llano Brenes, Costa Rica, in the upper basin of the Jesús María River in a study area with slopes between 50 and 71 ± 7.92 %. We conclude that this study could make an important contribution to research on the use of SWCM on tropical soils with slopes greater than 50 %. Due to the non-compliance of assumptions, a logarithmic transformation of the data was used, and they were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis one-way nonparametric test. Spearman correlation and linear regressions were used to assess the effect of the precipitation and intensity in the soil loss and runoff in each treatment. The amount of organic matter exposed by soil removal was not statistically different between HD and SCT, but both were different to the control (R² = 0.81, <em>P &lt;</em> 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed the rainfall depth contributed more to runoff depth (HD <em>R</em> = 0.62; SCT <em>R</em> = 0.62; Control <em>R</em> = 0.60; <em>P &lt;</em> 0.001) and soil loss (HD <em>R</em> = 0.50; STC <em>R</em> = 0.53; Control <em>R</em> = 0.50; <em>P &lt;</em> 0.001) than other variables. Regression analysis showed that runoff and soil loss were significant (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05) and positively correlated with rainfall depth for each treatment. In this study, HD was shown to be efficient in erosion control on steeper slopes. HD helped reduce soil loss compared to the control, by 88 % in 2018 and 83 % in 2019. HD also reduced runoff generation by 55 % in 2018 and 60 % in 2019 compared to the control. While SCT was not statistically different in the generation of surface runoff and soil loss compared to the control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667006224000029/pdfft?md5=94f899b42d47ba1c566768b0ec6c5585&pid=1-s2.0-S2667006224000029-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139631698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nature's laws of declining soil productivity and Conservation Agriculture","authors":"Rolf Derpsch ,&nbsp;Amir Kassam ,&nbsp;Don Reicosky ,&nbsp;Theodor Friedrich ,&nbsp;Ademir Calegari ,&nbsp;Gottlieb Basch ,&nbsp;Emilio Gonzalez-Sanchez ,&nbsp;Danilo Rheinheimer dos Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soils are critical for agriculture and natural ecosystems and need protection, and adherence to nature's principles. The objective of this work is to understand how nature manages resources and describe management of the 'living soil’ and its soil productivity and use nature's laws as guidelines for the management. These guidelines provide the foundation of modern Conservation Agriculture (CA) systems characterised by three principles: continuous no or minimum soil disturbance, permanent biomass soil cover, and biodiversity in crop rotations, all of which form the basis for the protection against degradation and for sustaining productivity. Historically, soil tillage was considered a necessary component of agriculture, but it is the root cause of soil degradation. Tillage-based agriculture with bare soils and poor cropping diversity violates nature's laws of soil productivity. Reasons for soil tillage are primarily for short-term convenience of farm management. The negative impacts of tillage on soil health and function may appear inconsequential. However, their cumulative effects over time result in major soil degradation and loss in productivity. Tillage in any form and intensity destroys soil biological, physical, chemical, and hydrological properties. Mechanical tillage is not experienced in natural ecosystems. In CA systems, natural conditions are emulated offering similar productivity, economic and environmental benefits to both large and small landowners globally. In 2018/19, CA was practiced on more than 205 million hectares across more than 100 countries. The impacts of climate change and tillage on food production and environmental degradation require the application of nature-based solutions as Conservation Agriculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667006224000017/pdfft?md5=6addb72406326effb18c2f79b9fa5df1&pid=1-s2.0-S2667006224000017-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139549213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protecting the soil is protecting the climate WASWAC and IUSS position paper on the inter linkages of soil and climate change","authors":"José L. Rubio ,&nbsp;Laura B. Reyes-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Ning Duihu ,&nbsp;Edoardo A.C. Costantini ,&nbsp;Rainer Horn ,&nbsp;Miodrag Zlatic","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This position paper elaborates on the significance and implications of the world's soil systems as climate regulators in their still unexploited potential to fight climate change and in the aspiration of modern society aiming at sustainable use of resources and safeguarding of life on the planet.</p><p>The paper stresses the importance of Soil Management and Land Conservation as essential tools for the longevity of civilizations.</p><p>Under the current climate change, there is a close relationship between climate factors and soil performance, but soil influences climate parameters, making it an important climate regulator.</p><p>The text calls for a vision that recognizes soil as a natural system with socio-economic benefits and ecological functions and mentions the European Green Deal and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals as initiatives addressing soil and land issues.</p><p>The text emphasizes the need for a profound and intelligent radical change in environmental, social, and economic approaches to address climate change. It highlights the responsibility of the current generation to make the right choices for the planet and future generations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667006223000412/pdfft?md5=8778d589e937556d8ab1d37956cf4b58&pid=1-s2.0-S2667006223000412-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139015344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new soil protection legislation for Germany – challenges, conceptual approaches and next steps","authors":"Harald Ginzky","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The chapter provides information on the ongoing legislative process to draft a fundamentally amended soil protection act in order to cope with climate change and adaptation, the maintenance of biodiversity and additional challenges. The current German government has agreed to this endeavor in 2021. First, the chapter offers information on the importance of soils for the society. In addition, the main challenges that soils are facing in Germany, the status quo of the soil legislation and the core deficits of the current regulatory regime will be outlined. The chapter will furthermore inform about the conceptual regulatory approaches under consideration, taking also into account the ongoing deliberations at EU level on an EU Soil Law. It will also be explained how political buy-in should be achieved considering both the ecological and social services of soils and competing interests and stakes. The chapter ends with some conclusions and observations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667006223000400/pdfft?md5=ad30aeb29e26f5ee4aa1730bcc51cab5&pid=1-s2.0-S2667006223000400-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138620165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnopedology, its evolution and perspectives in soil security: A review","authors":"Georgina Pérez-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Carlos Alberto Ortiz-Solorio,&nbsp;Ma. del Carmen Gutiérrez-Castorena","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review examines how Ethnopedology has developed over the last 23 years. It considers its role in soil security and knowledge co-production. Due to its constant interaction with the surrounding environment, indigenous or peasant soil knowledge is detailed, holistic, intergenerational, and even millennia-old. Farmer´s knowledge concerns about climate change, land degradation, soil conservation, sustainable agriculture, and agricultural production constraints have been recently demonstrated. However, this ethnoscience remains marginalised in university curricula, the production of scientific papers, and decision-making. In order to address the major global challenges facing humanity, Soil Security proposes the holistic assessment of soil through five dimensions: capacity, condition, capital, codification, and connectivity; the latter relates the environment to society but is the least developed. The other proposal is the co-production of knowledge, which implies collaboration between technicians and producers to achieve soil development. Integrating Ethnopedology with connectivity studies and the co-production of knowledge can contribute to Soil Security studies and soil sustainability. However, it is necessary to maintain an equal role in knowledge integration. This process should be socially and academically inclusive and always recognise the value of local soil knowledge in solving critical environmental problems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667006223000382/pdfft?md5=2779fbfb3fc66f03cc1ab5fe34c277d5&pid=1-s2.0-S2667006223000382-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138465724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Society's willingness to pay its way to soil security","authors":"Cristiano Franceschinis ,&nbsp;Alex McBratney ,&nbsp;Luisa Eusse-Villa ,&nbsp;Damien Field ,&nbsp;Mara Thiene ,&nbsp;Jürgen Meyerhoff","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soils are a crucial part of terrestrial ecosystems, holding most of the soil carbon, one-quarter of the biodiversity, and are essential for food production. Human forcings, including climate change and land use pressures, threaten the security of the soil for the provision of a whole range of soil functions. Soil capability to carry out important functions has seldom been evaluated in economic terms. Importantly, the existing economic studies have not been embedded in the soil security framework. Therefore, we have limited knowledge of how the general population values these soil functions and whether they wish to see their maintenance and improvement as part of public policy. Consequently, in this study, we aim to contribute to filling this gap by providing an estimation of the value, expressed in monetary terms, that individuals place on several soil functions and compare such values across large regions of two G20 countries. We present here an estimate of willingness to pay for two publicly-funded soil management strategies: the creation of biodiversity credits based on soil microbial diversity and soil carbon insetting for achieving net-zero agriculture. We show via a discrete choice experiment addressing 3,000 citizens that societies in the distant and contrasting regions of Veneto in Italy and New South Wales in Australia are willing to pay for soil security and financially support soil management practices that improve soil functions in their regions. Further analysis shows that the stated willingness to pay corresponds to socio-demographics and attitudes toward soil protection and general environmental concerns. The aggregated monetary value of the selected soil functions for the entire population is $244 M for Veneto and twice as much for New South Wales. Our research findings give decision-makers and resource managers insights into societies' willingness to make trade-offs in favour of increased soil security. In contrast to climate change and loss of biodiversity, soil degradation and loss of soil functions have received much less attention. In this empirical research, we provide evidence of the importance of accounting for soil functions in resource management, as societies benefit from them and are willing to pay for their conservation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667006223000394/pdfft?md5=5b417bcf2ce1530f1dc98c5052e32898&pid=1-s2.0-S2667006223000394-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138480499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}