Soil security最新文献

{"title":"Soil carbon tonne-year accounting: Crediting the additional time-integrated amount of carbon captured in soil","authors":"Budiman Minasny,&nbsp;Alex.B. McBratney","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration has become a critical component of climate change mitigation strategies, offering a natural and economically viable means to mitigate atmospheric CO₂ levels. Current practices in SOC sequestration auditing face limitations due to the requirement for carbon permanence, which can discourage landholders from participating due to long-term commitments and uncertainties. We propose the concept of the Soil Carbon Tonne-Year as a new unit of measurement for assessing SOC sequestration, focusing on the time-integrated amount of carbon stored in the soil. Soil carbon tonne-year measures SOC stock across different operational soil carbon pools (such as Mineral Associated Organic Carbon and Particulate Organic Carbon), each with its own mean residence time. This approach, based on physical rather than economic or climatic metrics, aims to offer a more accurate, flexible, and realistic method of accounting for SOC. Our examples suggest that the Soil Carbon Tonne-Year approach could significantly enhance management flexibility, potentially increasing land value and leading to sustainable gains over the long term.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667006224000273/pdfft?md5=836e67db7414939cb46b9ce6f04e8d04&pid=1-s2.0-S2667006224000273-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141483100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing soil capacity and condition for “habitat of biodiversity” in the Lower Namoi Valley","authors":"Yijia Tang ,&nbsp;Budiman Minasny,&nbsp;Alex McBratney,&nbsp;Ho Jun Jang","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Soil Security Assessment Framework (SSAF) has been proposed and developed as a concept to quantitatively ensure a sustainable future for soil, thereby supporting ecosystem sustainability. Evaluating the habitat of biodiversity quantitatively, particularly concerning bacterial communities, is crucial yet challenging, especially for the often-overlooked rare species. This study aims to utilise SSAF to assess the capacity and condition of soil function – the habitat of biodiversity, by examining bacterial communities to understand soil security within Lower Namoi Valley, NSW, Australia. We selected four indicators: relative abundance and alpha diversity of both soil abundant and rare bacterial communities, for capacity and condition, using the pedogenon concept. Our findings indicate significant variations in soil capacity and condition within the valley. Aggregating the indicators as utility scores revealed that the study area has a moderate capacity, with many regions in good condition relative to capacity, especially in less disturbed areas. Specifically, agricultural practices led to a significant increase in conditions for abundant bacterial communities but a decrease in rare bacterial communities. Less disturbed areas exhibited higher scores for rare sub-communities, suggesting better preservation of biodiversity. The study highlights the significant impact of human activities on soil habitat of biodiversity function in the Lower Namoi Valley. By integrating the analysis of abundant and rare microbial biodiversity into the soil security assessment framework, this study offers insights for soil management, advocating practices that support soil biodiversity to ensure long-term ecosystem sustainability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667006224000261/pdfft?md5=28af5b3acd15a834d8f27ff780aaede0&pid=1-s2.0-S2667006224000261-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141483099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional and farm level droughts characteristics for southwestern Uganda during 1981–2017","authors":"Moses A. Ojara ,&nbsp;Sylvia Namumbya ,&nbsp;Bob Alex Ogwang ,&nbsp;Paul T.S. Limbu","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An increase in drought events associated with rising temperatures indicates that Uganda is facing a growing challenge from climate variability. Despite these challenges, there is a lack of comprehensive information on how climate variability affects soils, particularly drought characteristics. In an effort to address this limitation, this study utilised high-quality, in-situ climate data and soil Available Water Capacity (AWC) specific to south-western Uganda. The study employed the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and the Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) to assess drought occurrences over the period 1981–2017. Notably, the results from the 3-month SPEI indicated higher frequencies across all drought categories. Meanwhile, the 12-month SPEI exhibited more stabilised negative and positive truncations for drought and wet events, respectively. Analysing the temporal evolution of monthly PDSI values for five major soil mapping units revealed distinct patterns. Moderate droughts were observed over Lixic Ferralsols between 1981 and 1992 and between 1998 and 2008. Extreme drought events occurred during the first 5–7 months of 2017. Luvisols exhibited prolonged negative truncation levels, indicating a water deficit during several periods: 1982–1984, 1990–1994, 1998–2000, 2010, and 2012–2014. Histosols experienced drought conditions from 1982 to 1986, interspersed with wet events in 1988, 1997, 1999–2002, and 2005. The study emphasises the differential response of soil units to drought and wet conditions. As a result, the research recommends implementing water management practices such as irrigation, mulching, conservation tillage, zero tillage, and drainage for all soils to enhance resilience and sustainable agricultural practices in the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667006224000224/pdfft?md5=85e5e3824fef0b7bff1b2a2525813536&pid=1-s2.0-S2667006224000224-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141278782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to missing Conflict of Interest (COI) Statements in previously published articles","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667006224000236/pdfft?md5=208cc6071e00f8a4c5054c387e7a4728&pid=1-s2.0-S2667006224000236-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141395916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure sources, intake pathways and accumulation of lead in human blood","authors":"Hui Huang ,&nbsp;Hui Guan ,&nbsp;Zhuo-Qi Tian ,&nbsp;Ming-Ming Chen ,&nbsp;Kun-Kun Tian ,&nbsp;Fang-Jie Zhao ,&nbsp;Peng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal and its long-term accumulation in human bodies can lead to serious diseases. Investigation on Pb exposure provides an effective intervention opportunity to reduce the blood lead levels (BLLs) of the populations. Although the phase-out of the gasoline has been conducted in many developing countries (e.g., China), the BLLs of these populations are still higher than the alert BLL (5.0 μg/dL) set by World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of USA (CDC). Here, we reviewed the BLLs of the populations in different countries and summarized the sources and intake pathways of blood Pb which were associated with dietary Pb intake and non-dietary Pb intake. Extensive progress has been made in the studies of soil biogeochemistry and the plant biological processes, including the effects of soil pH, redox potential, Fe/Mn oxides, and organic matter on the availability of soil Pb, as well as the mechanisms regulating the Pb absorption by plant root and transport from root to shoot. The oral-nasal respiration and skin infiltration pathways have been specifically identified as the main causes of the increased BLLs of the populations exposed to different Pb sources. In the developing countries, complex dietary and non-dietary Pb intakes increase the BLLs, making intervention strategies to reduce BLLs difficult. This review provides a systematic understanding in the processes and mechanisms of Pb intake from environment to human blood and helps to guide safe strategies to reduce the BLLs and enhance human health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667006224000248/pdfft?md5=9bf8d8d6de1c25e6e88e5f9468c55e1e&pid=1-s2.0-S2667006224000248-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141414739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of soil general and specific functions following loss of microbial diversity: A review","authors":"Xueling Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Huang ,&nbsp;Zhongyi Cheng ,&nbsp;Shuyao Li ,&nbsp;H.A. Mahjoob ,&nbsp;Jianming Xu ,&nbsp;Yan He","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although an alarming rate of global biodiversity loss is occurring, the effects of belowground microbial diversity on soil functioning still remain uncertain and debated across numbers of experiments data. In this context, we synthesize and evaluate the impacts of microbial diversity loss on soil ecosystem functioning from published literatures, and elaborate the probable mechanisms of the different response in terms of soil general and specific functions. The results showed that the loss of microbial diversity decreases both specific (e.g. pollutant degradation, methane metabolism, pathogen control) and general functions (e.g. C and N mineralization, soil respiration, biomass production), indicating that functional redundancy may be overestimated, even for general functions. The processes that drive the link between microbial diversity and ecosystem processes are influenced by environmental factors in the soil (e.g. nutrient condition, pollution stress, moisture content). However, high functional diversity and stability are crucial in explaining the maintenance of soil ecosystem function under the scenario of global biodiversity declining, which involves the process of genotypic/phenotypic functional traits and diversity effects. In summary, our review has implications for an improved understanding regarding the relationship between diversity and general/specific functions, with suggestions for the future research provided.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266700622400025X/pdfft?md5=ae8d1ca288d25ab88e0b22d38f78a7e9&pid=1-s2.0-S266700622400025X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141434971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"We are interested in your definition of soil","authors":"CLS Morgan ,&nbsp;AB McBratney","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100139","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667006224000133/pdfft?md5=8248bc4ac3154add305f4ef7526d5573&pid=1-s2.0-S2667006224000133-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140402730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents and mineralization in the 0 to 50 cm paddy soil layer were masked by different land use history","authors":"Shuirong Tang ,&nbsp;Weiguo Cheng ,&nbsp;Samuel Munyaka Kimani ,&nbsp;Keitaro Tawaraya ,&nbsp;Takeshi Tokida ,&nbsp;Mayumi Yoshimoto ,&nbsp;Hidemitsu Sakai ,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Usui ,&nbsp;Hirofumi Nakamura ,&nbsp;Miwa Y. Matsushima ,&nbsp;Xingkai Xu ,&nbsp;Toshihiro Hasegawa","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Global warming can accelerate soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition resulting in faster carbon (C) loss and positive climate-C feedback. Previous studies on response of SOM decomposition to climate change mainly focus on plow soil layer. However, the effects of elevated CO₂ and soil warming on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents and mineralization are rarely studied in subsoil layer. In this study, soil samples were collected from the 0–50-cm paddy soil layer of the Tsukuba free-air CO₂ enrichment experimental site with elevated CO₂ (+200 ppm) and soil warming (+2 °C), Japan, after 5-year rice growth season. The amounts of SOC, TN, δ¹³C, and δ¹⁵N were analyzed. A 4-week anaerobic incubation experiment was conducted to measure C decomposition and N mineralization potentials. Due to the intrinsic variation in SOC and TN contents in soil layers and fields, the effects of elevated CO₂ and soil warming on C decomposition and N mineralization potentials could not be determined here. However, the effect of elevated CO₂ on δ¹³C was only found in 0‒10-cm soil layer. In the 0–50-cm soil profiles, significant correlations were observed among SOC and TN, δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N, decomposed C and mineralized N, and δ¹³C of decomposed C. The variables associated with soil C and N pools, and dynamics showed large spatial heterogeneity within paddy field, due to variation in the original land use history. Therefore, great caution should be exercised when evaluating the effects of elevated CO₂ and temperature on SOM decomposition and sequestration in paddy soil profiles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667006224000212/pdfft?md5=ca585dcedf83bf7458a68f038d4c7023&pid=1-s2.0-S2667006224000212-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141084027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simple definition of soil","authors":"Destika Cahyana ,&nbsp;Budi Mulyanto","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a simpler definition of soil that reflects three aspects: ontology (what), epistemology (how), and axiology (value), which are related to the construction of the definition. Soil is the loose mineral or organic material comprising three phases solid, liquid, and, gaseous, found on the surface of the earth (ontology), resulting from weathering processes through interactions of the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere (epistemology) serving as a habitat for micro and macro-organisms, plants, and animals, and ultimately supporting human life and civilization (axiology). This simple definition brings more attention to human soil interactions and build sustainable solutions for soil and civilization in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667006224000200/pdfft?md5=58bb918bf06adc9ae773f1c62560d505&pid=1-s2.0-S2667006224000200-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141026081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indica rice \"Takanari\" outcompetes japonica rice \"Koshihikari\" under low fertility conditions in soil developed on a sand dune","authors":"Jean Yves Dukuzumuremyi ,&nbsp;Weiguo Cheng ,&nbsp;Samuel Munyaka Kimani ,&nbsp;Christian Nkurunziza ,&nbsp;Margi Asih Maimunah ,&nbsp;Shuirong Tang ,&nbsp;Yuka Sasaki ,&nbsp;Hideki Murayama","doi":"10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soisec.2024.100144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Significantly, soil fertility and rice variety influence rice growth. Under different conditions, Indica rice \"Takanari (Tak)\" outperformed Japonica rice \"Koshihikari (Kos)\" in terms of N-uptake and biomass production. However, it is still unclear how Tak and Kos respond to rice growth and N-uptake in low-fertility (sandy) and normal (alluvial) soils. Therefore, we conducted a pot experiment at Tsuruoka in the 2022 rice-growing season. Tak and Kos were transplanted individually and interplanted (Tak+Kos) with the main treatments of alluvial soil, sandy, and sand with chemical fertilizers (sand+CF). Rice growth parameters (shoot height, tiller numbers, and leaf color) were weekly investigated, while rice biomass and N-uptake were measured after harvest. Shoot height, rice tillers, leaf color, plant biomass, and N-uptake were significantly different among all treatments. Tak had significantly higher rice biomass and N-uptake than Kos in all treatments for both planting modes. The ratios of aboveground biomass and N-uptake between Tak and Kos in interplanting were higher than their respective ratios in individual planting. The ratios of aboveground biomass in interplanting were higher than in individual planting at 41.7 %, 26.4 %, and 18.4 % in sandy, alluvial, and sand+CF, respectively. Whereas, the ratios of N-uptake in interplanting were higher than in individual planting at 41.9 %, 36.6 %, and 26.6 % in sandy, alluvial, and sand+CF, respectively. Regardless of low growth for both varieties in the sandy, Tak increased the competitive ability of N-uptake and biomass production. Therefore, rice cultivar selection and management of fertilizing practices are required for rice growing in low-soil fertility fields.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74839,"journal":{"name":"Soil security","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667006224000182/pdfft?md5=1743daf09093b5d37d9eed72847fedfb&pid=1-s2.0-S2667006224000182-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141047068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}