{"title":"Reflections on a journey as sleep researcher and geriatric psychiatrist.","authors":"Charles F Reynolds","doi":"10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad032","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>After first recalling the origins of my interest in sleep and dreams at UVa (1969) and my MD thesis at Yale on sleep in mood disorders (1973), I will describe my service to the field of sleep disorders medicine, through various roles in the American Sleep Disorders Association, the Institute of Medicine, the National Institute of Mental Health, and the DSM-5 Task Force of the American Psychiatric Association. I will then present the broad themes of my contributions to psychiatric sleep research, focusing on the neurobiology of sleep as a dimension of the risk and protective architecture for depression in older adults, as a bridge to diagnostic and treatment issues in later-life depression, and to clinical and translational neuroscience addressing the intersections of sleep, aging, and mind/brain health. Throughout this narrative, I highlight many relationships with mentors and mentees. All of my scientific activity has been team-based, providing the social matrix for the physician-scientist I have become. This paper is part of the Living Legends in Sleep Research series, which is sponsored by Idorsia Pharmaceuticals and Jazz Pharmaceuticals.</p>","PeriodicalId":74808,"journal":{"name":"Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society","volume":"4 1","pages":"zpad032"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10636810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89720968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tripping on the edge of consciousness.","authors":"James M Krueger","doi":"10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad039","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herein the major accomplishments, trials and tribulations, and epiphanies experienced by James M. Krueger over the course of his career in sleep research are presented. They include the characterization of a) the supranormal EEG delta waves occurring during NREMS post sleep loss, b) Factor S as a muramyl peptide, c) the physiological roles of cytokines in sleep regulation, d) multiple other sleep regulatory substances, e) the dramatic changes in sleep over the course of infectious diseases, and f) sleep initiation within small neuronal/glial networks. The theory that the preservation of brain plasticity is the primordial sleep function is briefly discussed. These accomplishments resulted from collaborations with many outstanding scientists including James M. Krueger's mentors (John Pappenheimer and Manfred Karnovsky) and collaborators later in life, including Charles Dinarello, Louis Chedid, Mark Opp, Ferenc Obal jr., Dave Rector, Ping Taishi, Linda Toth, Jeannine Majde, Levente Kapas, Eva Szentirmai, Jidong Fang, Chris Davis, Sandip Roy, Tetsuya Kushikata, Fabio Garcia-Garcia, Ilia Karatsoreos, Mark Zielinski, and Alok De, plus many students, e.g. Jeremy Alt, Kathryn Jewett, Erika English, and Victor Leyva-Grado.</p>","PeriodicalId":74808,"journal":{"name":"Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society","volume":"4 1","pages":"zpad039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10632728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89720970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siobhan Sutcliffe, Peinan Zhao, Luisa Klaus Pilz, Megan Oakes, Antonina I Frolova, Erik D Herzog, Sarah K England
{"title":"Risk of pre-term birth as a function of sleep quality and obesity: prospective analysis in a large Prematurity Research Cohort.","authors":"Siobhan Sutcliffe, Peinan Zhao, Luisa Klaus Pilz, Megan Oakes, Antonina I Frolova, Erik D Herzog, Sarah K England","doi":"10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad043","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study objective: </strong>To investigate whether poor sleep quality is associated with pre-term birth (PTB) risk, overall and independent of sleep apnea and habitual snoring.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used longitudinal data from the Washington University Prematurity Research Cohort to investigate the association between poor sleep quality (defined as a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index > 5) and PTB, overall and independent of sleep apnea and snoring (defined by the Berlin questionnaire and prior sleep clinic attendance). Associations were investigated for sleep quality early and throughout pregnancy. Stratified analyses were performed by factors previously shown to modify associations between sleep and PTB (race, pre-pregnancy obesity).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 976 eligible participants, 50.1% experienced poor sleep quality early in pregnancy (<20 completed weeks) and 14.2% delivered pre-term (<i>n</i> = 50 without and 89 with poor sleep quality). In multivariable-adjusted analyses, poor sleep quality early in pregnancy was associated with increased PTB risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02-2.14). This association persisted after further adjustment for sleep apnea and snoring (HR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.02-2.20) and in analyses stratified by race. It varied, however, by pre-pregnancy obesity. Among individuals without obesity, no association was observed between poor sleep and PTB (HR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.65-1.79), whereas among those with obesity, a positive association was observed (HR = 2.94, 95% CI = 1.52-5.69, <i>p</i>-interaction = .05). This association was limited to individuals with obesity who experienced poor sleep both earlier and later in pregnancy (HR = 3.94, 95% CI = 1.56-9.99).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that improving sleep quality early in pregnancy may be important for PTB prevention, particularly among individuals with obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":74808,"journal":{"name":"Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society","volume":"4 1","pages":"zpad043"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10642756/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"107593065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bjørn Bjorvatn, Siri Waage, Ståle Pallesen, Daniel J Buysse, Ingvild W Saxvig
{"title":"The association between different sleep health dimensions and sex, age, education, circadian preference, and chronic insomnia: a representative population-based study.","authors":"Bjørn Bjorvatn, Siri Waage, Ståle Pallesen, Daniel J Buysse, Ingvild W Saxvig","doi":"10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad041","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aims were to explore multidimensional sleep health and the different dimensions of sleep health in the adult Norwegian population in relation to sex, age, education, circadian preference, and chronic insomnia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A representative sample of 1028 Norwegians, aged 18 + years completed a cross-sectional web-based survey. Sleep health was measured with the multidimensional RU_SATED scale, which assesses the dimensions of regularity, satisfaction, alertness, timing, efficiency, and duration. Insomnia was assessed with the Bergen Insomnia Scale. Data were analyzed with chi-square tests, <i>t</i>-tests, one-way ANOVAs, and regression analyses, as appropriate. Response rate was 33.5%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sleep health was better in males, with increasing age, and with higher educational level, and was poorer in participants with evening preference and chronic insomnia, compared to their respective counterparts. When investigating the different sleep health dimensions, males scored better than females on satisfaction (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.51 to 0.93), timing (aOR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.49 to 0.88), and efficiency (aOR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.52 to 0.89). Older age was associated with better scores on regularity and satisfaction, whereas young age was associated with better scores on alertness and duration. High educational level was associated with better scores on alertness, timing, and duration. Evening types scored worse than morning types on regularity (aOR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.18 to 0.41), satisfaction (aOR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.26 to 0.53), and timing (aOR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.26 to 0.51). Participants with chronic insomnia scored worse than participants without insomnia on all six sleep health dimensions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sleep health differed significantly in relation to sex, age, education, circadian preference, and chronic insomnia. However, specific group differences were not equally evident in all sleep health dimensions.</p>","PeriodicalId":74808,"journal":{"name":"Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society","volume":"4 1","pages":"zpad041"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10635412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89720969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sleep-inducing effect of Rhynchophylline in <i>EphA4</i> knockout mice.","authors":"Maria Neus Ballester Roig, Valérie Mongrain","doi":"10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad037","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We have recently demonstrated that the alkaloid rhynchophylline (RHY; purified from <i>Uncaria</i> plants) induces sleep and modifies electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity throughout the 24-h day in a vigilance state-dependent manner in wild-type mice. We here asked whether this alkaloid impacts wake/sleep variables in the absence of the cell adhesion protein EPHA4, via ECoG recording in <i>EphA4</i> knockout (KO) mice submitted to the same RHY treatment contemporaneously to the wild-type mice (littermates). We uncover that RHY decreases time spent awake and increases time spent in slow wave sleep in <i>EphA4</i> KO mice and alters the 24-h time course of ECoG activity during wakefulness and sleep states. These observations are similar to the reported effects of RHY in wild-type littermate animals, which strongly supports that RHY-driven sleep alterations are not dependent on the presence of EPHA4.</p>","PeriodicalId":74808,"journal":{"name":"Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society","volume":"4 1","pages":"zpad037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10572089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41242001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Georgie Agar, Chris Oliver, Jayne Spiller, Caroline Richards
{"title":"The developmental trajectory of sleep in children with Smith-Magenis syndrome compared to typically developing peers: a 3-year follow-up study.","authors":"Georgie Agar, Chris Oliver, Jayne Spiller, Caroline Richards","doi":"10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad034","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study objectives: </strong>To determine the trajectory of: (i) objective sleep parameters and (ii) caregiver-reported sleep questionnaire scores over 3 years in children with Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) compared to age-matched typically developing (TD) controls. We also aimed to (iii) describe individual profiles of change in sleep parameters over time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Week-long, overnight actigraphy and questionnaire data from 13 children with SMS and 13 age-matched TD children were collected at Time 1 and Time 2 (3 years later). Independent samples <i>t</i>-tests, paired samples <i>t</i>-tests, and Bayesian analyses were used to compare sleep parameters and sleep questionnaire scores between groups at each time point and compare data within groups to assess change over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sleep parameters were consistently more disrupted in the SMS group than the TD group, with significantly reduced sleep efficiency, increased wake after sleep onset and earlier get up times at both time points. This was mirrored in the questionnaire data, with children with SMS evidencing higher scores for overall sleep disturbance, night waking, and daytime sleepiness. While TD sleep parameters demonstrated expected developmental changes over 3 years, in the SMS group sleep parameters and variability between and within children remained largely stable. However, some children with SMS showed substantial variation in sleep parameters over time. Questionnaire scores remained stable over 3 years in both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, sleep disturbance appears to be a stable feature of SMS, indicative of a divergent sleep trajectory compared to TD peers. Proactive intervention approaches should be considered for poor sleep in SMS.</p>","PeriodicalId":74808,"journal":{"name":"Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society","volume":"4 1","pages":"zpad034"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10559836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41167653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gorica Micic, Branko Zajamsek, Bastien Lechat, Kristy Hansen, Hannah Scott, Barbara Toson, Tessa Liebich, Claire Dunbar, Duc Phuc Nguyen, Felix Decup, Andrew Vakulin, Nicole Lovato, Leon Lack, Colin Hansen, Dorothy Bruck, Ching Li Chai-Coetzer, Jeremy Mercer, Con Doolan, Peter Catcheside
{"title":"Establishing the acute physiological and sleep disruption characteristics of wind farm versus road traffic noise disturbances in sleep: a randomized controlled trial protocol.","authors":"Gorica Micic, Branko Zajamsek, Bastien Lechat, Kristy Hansen, Hannah Scott, Barbara Toson, Tessa Liebich, Claire Dunbar, Duc Phuc Nguyen, Felix Decup, Andrew Vakulin, Nicole Lovato, Leon Lack, Colin Hansen, Dorothy Bruck, Ching Li Chai-Coetzer, Jeremy Mercer, Con Doolan, Peter Catcheside","doi":"10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study objectives: </strong>Despite the global expansion of wind farms, effects of wind farm noise (WFN) on sleep remain poorly understood. This protocol details a randomized controlled trial designed to compare the sleep disruption characteristics of WFN versus road traffic noise (RTN).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a prospective, seven night within-subjects randomized controlled in-laboratory polysomnography-based trial. Four groups of adults were recruited from; <10 km away from a wind farm, including those with, and another group without, noise-related complaints; an urban RTN exposed group; and a group from a quiet rural area. Following an acclimation night, participants were exposed, in random order, to two separate nights with 20-s or 3-min duration WFN and RTN noise samples reproduced at multiple sound pressure levels during established sleep. Four other nights tested for continuous WFN exposure during wake and/or sleep on sleep outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The primary analyses will assess changes in electroencephalography (EEG) assessed as micro-arousals (EEG shifts to faster frequencies lasting 3-15 s) and awakenings (>15 s events) from sleep by each noise type with acute (20-s) and more sustained (3-min) noise exposures. Secondary analyses will compare dose-response effects of sound pressure level and noise type on EEG K-complex probabilities and quantitative EEG measures, and cardiovascular activation responses. Group effects, self-reported noise sensitivity, and wake versus sleep noise exposure effects will also be examined.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study will help to clarify if wind farm noise has different sleep disruption characteristics compared to road traffic noise.</p>","PeriodicalId":74808,"journal":{"name":"Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society","volume":"4 1","pages":"zpad033"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10517905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41158983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David A Kalmbach, Philip Cheng, Anthony N Reffi, Jason C Ong, Leslie M Swanson, Colin A Espie, Grace M Seymour, Mika Hirata, Olivia Walch, D'Angela S Pitts, Thomas Roth, Christopher L Drake
{"title":"Reducing cognitive arousal and sleep effort alleviates insomnia and depression in pregnant women with DSM-5 insomnia disorder treated with a mindfulness sleep program.","authors":"David A Kalmbach, Philip Cheng, Anthony N Reffi, Jason C Ong, Leslie M Swanson, Colin A Espie, Grace M Seymour, Mika Hirata, Olivia Walch, D'Angela S Pitts, Thomas Roth, Christopher L Drake","doi":"10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad031","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Combining mindfulness with behavioral sleep strategies has been found to alleviate symptoms of insomnia and depression during pregnancy, but mechanisms for this treatment approach remain unclear. The present study examined nocturnal cognitive arousal and sleep effort as potential treatment mechanisms for alleviating insomnia and depression via a mindfulness sleep program for pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Secondary analysis from a proof-of-concept trial of 12 pregnant women with DSM-5 insomnia disorder who were treated with Perinatal Understanding of Mindful Awareness for Sleep (PUMAS), which places behavioral sleep strategies within a mindfulness framework. Data were collected across eight weekly assessments: pretreatment, six sessions, and posttreatment. Measures included the insomnia severity index (ISI), Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS), pre-sleep arousal scale's cognitive factor (PSASC), and the Glasgow sleep effort scale (GSES). We used linear mixed modeling to test cognitive arousal and sleep effort as concurrent and prospective predictors of insomnia and depression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most patients reported high cognitive arousal before PUMAS (75.0%), which decreased to 8.3% after treatment. All insomnia remitters reported low cognitive arousal after treatment, whereas half of nonremitters continued reporting high cognitive arousal. Both nocturnal cognitive arousal and sleep effort were associated with same-week changes in insomnia throughout treatment, and sleep effort yielded a prospective effect on insomnia. Lower levels of nocturnal cognitive arousal and sleep effort prospectively predicted reductions in depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study offers preliminary evidence that reducing sleep effort and nocturnal cognitive arousal may serve as key mechanisms for alleviating insomnia and depression via mindfulness-based insomnia therapy. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04443959.</p>","PeriodicalId":74808,"journal":{"name":"Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society","volume":"4 1","pages":"zpad031"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10462399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10123400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}