Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society最新文献

{"title":"Scoping review of the measurement of care environment factors that impact sleep in the rehabilitation, subacute, and aged care settings.","authors":"Olivia B Ogilvy Dunstan, Leila Shafiee Hanjani, Francisca Rodriguez, Veronica Garcia-Hansen, Ruth E Hubbard, Adrienne Young, Claire M Ellender","doi":"10.1093/sleepadvances/zpaf011","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sleepadvances/zpaf011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study objectives: </strong>Unfamiliar environments are often poorly conducive to quality sleep, especially for patients within health and aged care settings. This scoping review aims to map available evidence regarding the sleep environment in rehabilitation, subacute, and aged care settings. It examines how these factors are measured and seeks to identify any reported standard metrics, guidelines, or methodologies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Searches were conducted within PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, and Web of Science from database inception to May 2023. Eligibility criteria included original studies of any design reporting on the measurement properties of care environment factors affecting the sleep of adult patients admitted to rehabilitation, subacute wards, and aged care facilities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-four studies were reviewed that included 5055 participants, mostly (78.4%, 58/74) from aged care facilities. From 102 identified care environment factors, the spectral measurements of light were most reported (65.7%, 67/102), with methodologies varying from actigraphy and illuminance meters to pendant-style light monitors. Other environmental factors (sound, temperature, and air quality/humidity), room characteristics (mattress/bedding, room cohabitation), and hospital functioning (imposed schedules) were measured considerably less often and displayed similar variations in reported units and devices. Eighteen studies reported international, national, and methodological standards or guidelines.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review provides a comprehensive overview of the care environment factors affecting sleep studied within rehabilitation, subacute, and aged care settings. Various units and devices were used in measuring these factors, and standard metrics and methodology were not consistently used. Future care environment studies incorporating interventions that employ standardized devices, units, and methodologies, will thereby enhance the reliability and comparability of findings within this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":74808,"journal":{"name":"Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society","volume":"6 2","pages":"zpaf011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"We choose to go.","authors":"Ralph Lydic","doi":"10.1093/sleepadvances/zpaf024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpaf024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74808,"journal":{"name":"Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society","volume":"6 2","pages":"zpaf024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep and performance.","authors":"Cheryl L Spinweber","doi":"10.1093/sleepadvances/zpaf015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpaf015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>I review the path of my career in sleep. My focus has been on the need for sleep and the relationship between sleep and performance. I have done sleep research in the sleep lab setting and have also taken unique opportunities to measure sleep loss effects on real-world performance. My studies have included long and short sleeper studies, evaluations of various sleep aids, sleep loss effects, jet lag effects, naps, and the consequences of being a poor sleeper. Over the course of my career in sleep, I have also taught about sleep in university and professional educational settings. I am a Board Certified Sleep Medicine Specialist with a private practice, providing diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders in children and adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":74808,"journal":{"name":"Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society","volume":"6 2","pages":"zpaf015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11983271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144061303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protocol for a pilot hybrid type I effectiveness-implementation study to improve help-seeking for sleep disorders in the future healthcare workforce: The Sleep Check Before Shift Work trial.","authors":"Claire Dunbar, Kelly Sansom, Nicole Lovato, Andrew Vakulin, Kelly A Loffler, Katrina Nguyen, Josh Fitton, Shantha M W Rajaratnam, Tracey L Sletten, Gorica Micic, Sally A Ferguson, Sian E Wanstall, Brandon W J Brown, Gillian Harvey, Robert Adams, Amy C Reynolds","doi":"10.1093/sleepadvances/zpaf020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpaf020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep disorders are prevalent in shift workers but are commonly undiagnosed and unmanaged. This poses considerable safety, productivity, and health risks. There is limited education or early intervention to encourage awareness of, and treatment for, sleep disorders in young adults who will transition into careers requiring shift work. This study aims to investigate (a) the <i>clinical effectiveness</i> of simulated shift work exposure and cognitive performance feedback for prompting help-seeking for sleep problems, and (b) the feasibility and acceptability of <i>implementing</i> this intervention for future healthcare workers. A hybrid type I effectiveness-implementation trial will be conducted from June 2024 to December 2025 with prospective healthcare workers currently enrolled in a medicine, paramedicine, or nursing degree. Ninety adults (18-39 years) who self-report sleep disturbances will be recruited and complete a combination of structured clinical interviews, screening questionnaires, remote monitoring technology, and overnight polysomnography (PSG). Participants will be randomized across three conditions, with varying exposure to a simulated transition to night shift without sleep, and cognitive performance feedback. All individuals will attend a diagnostic appointment with a sleep psychologist or sleep physician and discuss help-seeking pathways for their sleep. The primary outcomes will be help-seeking from a health professional for sleep (yes/no), time to help-seeking (days), and road safety-related events over 12 months. Process evaluation will explore the feasibility and acceptability of this approach from the participants' perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":74808,"journal":{"name":"Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society","volume":"6 2","pages":"zpaf020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12062959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of spindle-inspired transcranial alternating current stimulation during a nap on sleep-dependent motor memory consolidation in healthy older adults.","authors":"Maëva Moyne, Manon Durand-Ruel, Chang-Hyun Park, Roberto Salamanca-Giron, Virgine Sterpenich, Sophie Schwartz, Friedhelm C Hummel, Takuya Morishita","doi":"10.1093/sleepadvances/zpaf022","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sleepadvances/zpaf022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the increase in life expectancy and the rapid evolution of daily life technologies, older adults must constantly learn new skills to adapt to society. Sleep reinforces skills acquired during the day and is associated with the occurrence of specific oscillations such as spindles. However, with age, spindles deteriorate and thus likely contribute to memory impairments observed in older adults. The application of electric currents by means of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) with spindle-like waveform, applied during the night, was found to enhance spindles and motor memory consolidation in young adults. Here, we tested whether tACS bursts inspired by spindles applied during daytime naps may (i) increase spindle density and (ii) foster motor memory consolidation in older adults. Twenty-six healthy older participants performed a force modulation task at 10:00, were retested at 16:30, and the day after the initial training. They had 90-minute opportunity to take a nap while verum or placebo spindle-inspired tACS bursts were applied with similar temporal parameters to those observed in young adults and independently of natural spindles, which are reduced in the elderly. We show that the density of natural spindles correlates with the magnitude of memory consolidation, thus confirming that spindles are promising physiological targets for enhancing memory consolidation in older adults. However, spindle-inspired tACS, as used in the present study, did not enhance either spindles or memory consolidation. We therefore suggest that applying tACS time-locked to natural spindles might be required to entrain them and improve their related functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":74808,"journal":{"name":"Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society","volume":"6 2","pages":"zpaf022"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary findings on caffeine intake, screen time, social factors, and psychological well-being: their impact on chronotype and sleep health in Hispanic adolescents.","authors":"Alexander L Wallace, Laika Aguinaldo, Michael L Thomas, Michael J McCarthy, Alejandro D Meruelo","doi":"10.1093/sleepadvances/zpaf019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpaf019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the relationships between caffeine intake, screen time, and chronotype/sleep outcomes in adolescents, with a focus on differences between Hispanic and non-Hispanic groups and the influence of peer network health, school environment, and psychological factors, including perceived stress, depression, and anxiety. Data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study were analyzed using <i>t</i>-tests and structural equation modeling (SEM) to assess behavioral, social, and psychological predictors of chronotype, social jet lag, and weekday sleep duration, incorporating demographic covariates. Hispanic adolescents exhibited a later chronotype (Cohen's <i>d</i> = 0.42), greater social jet lag (Cohen's <i>d</i> = 0.38), and shorter weekday sleep duration (Cohen's <i>d</i> = -0.12) compared to non-Hispanic peers. They also reported higher caffeine intake (Cohen's <i>d</i> = 0.22), though caffeine was not significantly associated with sleep outcomes. Screen time was more prevalent among Hispanic adolescents, particularly on weekday evenings (Cohen's <i>d</i> = 0.27) and weekend evenings (Cohen's <i>d</i> = 0.35), and was strongly associated with later chronotype and greater social jet lag. Higher perceived stress was linked to later chronotype and greater social jet lag, while depressive symptoms were associated with earlier chronotype and lower social jet lag. The SEM model explained 12.9% of variance in chronotype, 10.5% in social jet lag, and 6.2% in weekday sleep duration. These findings highlight disparities in adolescent sleep health but should be interpreted cautiously due to methodological limitations, including low caffeine use and assessment timing variability. Targeted interventions addressing screen time, peer relationships, and stress may improve sleep, while longitudinal research is needed to clarify causality.</p>","PeriodicalId":74808,"journal":{"name":"Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society","volume":"6 2","pages":"zpaf019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A performance validation of six commercial wrist-worn wearable sleep-tracking devices for sleep stage scoring compared to polysomnography.","authors":"An-Marie Schyvens, Brent Peters, Nina Catharina Van Oost, Jean-Marie Aerts, Federica Masci, An Neven, Hélène Dirix, Geert Wets, Veerle Ross, Johan Verbraecken","doi":"10.1093/sleepadvances/zpaf021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpaf021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study objectives: </strong>The aim of this study is to assess the performance of six different consumer wearable sleep-tracking devices, namely the Fitbit Charge 5, Fitbit Sense, Withings Scanwatch, Garmin Vivosmart 4, Whoop 4.0, and the Apple Watch Series 8, for detecting sleep parameters compared to the gold standard, polysomnography (PSG).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-two adults (52 males and 10 females, mean age ± <i>SD</i> = 46.0 ± 12.6 years) spent a single night in the sleep laboratory with PSG while simultaneously using two to four wearable devices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicate that most wearables displayed significant differences with PSG for total sleep time, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, and light sleep (LS). Nevertheless, all wearables demonstrated a higher percentage of correctly identified epochs for deep sleep and rapid eye movement sleep compared to wake (W) and LS. All devices detected >90% of sleep epochs (ie, sensitivity), but showed lower specificity (29.39%-52.15%). The Cohen's kappa coefficients of the wearable devices ranged from 0.21 to 0.53, indicating fair to moderate agreement with PSG.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results indicate that all devices can benefit from further improvement for multistate categorization. However, the devices with higher Cohen's kappa coefficients, such as the Fitbit Sense (κ = 0.42), Fitbit Charge 5 (κ = 0.41), and Apple Watch Series 8 (κ = 0.53), could be effectively used to track prolonged and significant changes in sleep architecture.</p>","PeriodicalId":74808,"journal":{"name":"Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society","volume":"6 2","pages":"zpaf021"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facility-measured nocturnal hypoxemia and sleep among adults with long COVID versus age- and sex-matched healthy adults: a preliminary observational study.","authors":"Haoqi Sun, Rammy Dang, Monika Haack, Kristine Hauser, Jennifer Scott-Sutherland, M Brandon Westover, Sairam Parthasarathy, Susan Redline, Robert J Thomas, Janet M Mullington","doi":"10.1093/sleepadvances/zpaf017","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sleepadvances/zpaf017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study objectives: </strong>Persistent post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, i.e. long COVID, impacts multiple organ systems. While lower blood oxygen is expected when SARS-CoV-2 infects the lungs, hypoxia without pulmonary symptoms may continue after the acute phase. Ventilation and blood oxygen are more vulnerable during sleep, but nocturnal hypoxemia hasn't been studied in people with long COVID in a facility setting using gold-standard polysomnography (PSG).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an observational study with 50 participants (25 long COVID, 25 age-sex-matched healthy controls) using in-laboratory overnight PSG. We calculated the average SpO₂, average SpO₂ after removing desaturations, the respiratory rate in different sleep periods, and the hypoxic costs using all desaturations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that average SpO₂ was lower in participants with long COVID: 1.0% lower after sleep onset (<i>p</i> = .004) and 0.7% lower during REM (<i>p</i> = .002); average SpO₂ after removing desaturations was also lower in participants with long COVID: 1.3% lower after sleep onset (<i>p</i> = .002), 0.9% lower during REM (<i>p</i> = .0004), and 1.4% lower during NREM (<i>p</i> = .003); and respiratory rate was 1.4/minute higher in participants with long COVID during REM (<i>p</i> = .005). There were no significant differences in SpO₂ and respiratory rate before sleep onset, the within-participant change from before to after sleep onset, or hypoxic costs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggest that long COVID had a persistent lower nocturnal blood oxygen saturation, and support the need for a large-scale study of nocturnal hypoxemia in people with long COVID compared to the general population.</p>","PeriodicalId":74808,"journal":{"name":"Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society","volume":"6 2","pages":"zpaf017"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in sleep architecture during recurrent cycles of sleep restriction: a comparison between stable and variable short sleep schedules.","authors":"Tiffany B Koa, Ju Lynn Ong, June C Lo","doi":"10.1093/sleepadvances/zpaf016","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sleepadvances/zpaf016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study objectives: </strong>To examine how sleep architecture changes over successive cycles of restricted and recovery sleep in young adults, and to determine whether sleep-restricted schedules with differing night-to-night variability in sleep durations lead to different sleep physiological responses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this 15-night laboratory-based study, 52 healthy young adults (25 males, age: 21-28) were randomly assigned to one of three sleep schedules: stable short, variable short, or control. They underwent two baseline nights of 8-h time-in-bed (TIB), followed by two cycles of \"weekday\" sleep opportunity manipulation and \"weekend\" recovery (8-h TIB). During each manipulation period, the stable short sleep and the control groups received 6-h and 8-h TIBs each night, respectively, while the variable short sleep group received 8-h, 4-h, 8-h, 4-h, and 6-h TIBs from the first to the fifth night. Polysomnography was conducted every night.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sleep architecture changes induced by both short sleep schedules returned to baseline levels following the first or second recovery night and were largely similar between the first and second periods of sleep restriction. Sleep parameters averaged across each sleep restriction or recovery period showed no significant differences between the two short sleep groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The similar sleep physiological responses in the two sleep restriction periods suggest that in young adults, sleep architecture does not adapt to recurrent weeks of moderate partial sleep loss, and such sleep patterns did not have compounding effects on sleep architecture. Furthermore, overall, increasing night-to-night variability in sleep duration did not have much additional impact on sleep physiological responses relative to a stable short sleep schedule.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial: </strong>Performance, Mood, and Brain and Metabolic Functions During Different Sleep Schedules (STAVAR), https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04731662, NCT04731662.</p>","PeriodicalId":74808,"journal":{"name":"Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society","volume":"6 2","pages":"zpaf016"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12084804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144096197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted dream incubation and dream self-efficacy.","authors":"Westley A Youngren, Adam Haar Horowitz, Victoria West Staples, Michelle Carr, Robert Stickgold, Pattie Maes","doi":"10.1093/sleepadvances/zpaf013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpaf013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This preliminary study investigates the potential for a technique that enables purposeful guiding of dream content (Targeted Dream Incubation; TDI) to change the degree to which an individual feels in control of their dreams (Dream Self-Efficacy; DSE). DSE is a subset of a larger concept of self-efficacy relating to one's belief in their own abilities and competencies. Examining DSE may be quite important, as past research has demonstrated that DSE may be linked to positive treatment outcomes in specific therapies, such as interventions for trauma-related nightmares. Furthermore, prior research has found that decreasing feelings of helplessness related to sleep has been shown to improve insomnia symptoms and daytime fatigue. Thus, our study sought to examine the relationship between TDI and DSE. We enrolled <i>N</i> = 25 participants in a TDI protocol conducted during a predominantly N1 sleep nap, where participants completed surveys before and after a TDI paradigm. Our results revealed that TDI was linked to DSE, with individuals reporting significantly higher levels of DSE after the TDI protocol. These results provide preliminary evidence for a technique (TDI) that could increase DSE with the overall aim of improving the efficacy of specific sleep-related interventions, such as treatments for trauma-related nightmares. Future research should aim to further confirm these results with a control condition and examine the effects of TDI within the context of behavioral sleep interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":74808,"journal":{"name":"Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society","volume":"6 2","pages":"zpaf013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12022959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}