Agricultural Sciences in China最新文献_第6页

Physiological Responses of Two Wheat Cultivars to Nitrogen Starvation 两种小麦品种对氮饥饿的生理反应

Agricultural Sciences in China Pub Date : 2011-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60154-5

WANG Xiao-li , SHAN Yu-hua , WANG Su-hua , DU Yan , FENG Ke

{"title":"Physiological Responses of Two Wheat Cultivars to Nitrogen Starvation","authors":"WANG Xiao-li , SHAN Yu-hua , WANG Su-hua , DU Yan , FENG Ke","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60154-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60154-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Plants need to be efficient in nutrient management, especially when they face the temporal nutrient defficiencies. Understanding how crops respond to nitrogen (N) starvation would help in the selection of crop cultivars more tolerant to N deficiency. In the present work, the physiological responses of two wheat cultivars, Yannong 19 (YN) and Qinmai 11 (QM), to N starvation conditions were investigated. The two cultivars differed in biomass and N rearrangement between shoots and roots during N starvation. QM allocated more N to roots and exhibited higher root/shoot biomass ratio than YN. However, tissue measurement indicated that both cultivars had similar nitrate content in leaves and roots and similar remobilization rate in roots. Microelectrode measurement showed that vacuolar nitrate activity (concentration) in roots of QM was lower than that in roots of YN, especially in epidermal cells. Nitrate remobilization rates from root vacuoles of two cultivars were also identical. Moreover, vacuolar nitrate remobilization rate was proportional to vacuolar nitrate activity. During N starvation, nitrate reductase activity (NRA) was decreased but there were no significant differences between the two cultivars. Nitrate efflux from roots reduced after external N removal and QM seemed to have higher nitrate efflux rate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 10","pages":"Pages 1577-1585"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60154-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56762375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

DNA Polymorphisms of 5′-Flanking Region of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Gene and Their Association with Reproduction Traits in Goats 山羊胰岛素样生长因子1基因5′侧区DNA多态性及其与繁殖性状的关系

Agricultural Sciences in China Pub Date : 2011-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60158-2

WANG Ping-qing , TAN Ying , ZHANG Bao-yun , CHU Ming-xing , DENG La-mei , FAN Qi , LIU Chong-xu

{"title":"DNA Polymorphisms of 5′-Flanking Region of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Gene and Their Association with Reproduction Traits in Goats","authors":"WANG Ping-qing , TAN Ying , ZHANG Bao-yun , CHU Ming-xing , DENG La-mei , FAN Qi , LIU Chong-xu","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60158-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60158-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Research on the identity of genes and their relationship with traits of economic importance in farm animals could assist in the selection of livestock. In this study, the polymorphisms of insulin-like growth factor 1 <em>(IGF1)</em> gene in 561 goats of ten breeds were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and their association with litter size and birth weight in three breeds were investigated. The effects of <em>IGF1</em> polymorphisms on the breeding value for litter size and birth weight were examined using least square methods. Two deletions (CA) were detected in the microsatellite and two mutations (A1637G, T1640C) were found in 5′-flanking regulatory region. No significant association between the polymorphisms in 5′-flanking region of <em>IGF1</em> and birth weight was found in the three breeds of goats. In Gulin Ma goats, two polymorphisms were found to affect litter size traits. In Chuandong White goats and Guizhou White goats, no significant difference <em>(P<0.05)</em> in litter size between goats carrying different genotypes was observed. Further evaluation and confirmation studies in more goat populations with larger sample sizes are necessary.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 10","pages":"Pages 1609-1617"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60158-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56762476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Specific Expression of a Novel Nodulin GmN479 Gene in the Infected Cells of Soybean (Glycine max) Nodules 新型根瘤素GmN479基因在大豆根瘤感染细胞中的特异性表达

Agricultural Sciences in China Pub Date : 2011-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60146-6

CHENG Xian-guo , WANG Li , WANG He , YU Guo-hong , BAI You-lu , LIU Meng-meng

{"title":"Specific Expression of a Novel Nodulin GmN479 Gene in the Infected Cells of Soybean (Glycine max) Nodules","authors":"CHENG Xian-guo , WANG Li , WANG He , YU Guo-hong , BAI You-lu , LIU Meng-meng","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60146-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60146-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Abstract</h3><p>A novel nodulin gene, <em>GmN479</em> genomic clone composing of 3 630 nucleotides was isolated from mature soybean nodules using GmN479 cDNA as a probe by subtractive hybridization procedure. <em>GmN479</em> encodes 170 amino acids with 2.09 kb nucleotides promoter region, and contains two important upstream promoter elements, one is a conserved “s-acting sequence motif 5′-AAAGAT-3′ controlling nodulin gene expression, and the other is typical CAAT boxes. <em>GmN479</em> gene has a single zmc-fmger C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> domain YS<u>C</u>AF<u>C</u>QRGFSNAQALLGG<u>H</u>MNI<u>H</u> and a conserved motif, QALGGHMN m the zinc-finger with a short leucine repeat in the LDLELRLGL motif closed to C-terminal. These two conserved motifs share respectively higher identity with those in the floral regulator <em>SUPERMAN</em> gene, indicating that <em>GmN479</em> may function as a transcriptional regulator, and is a likely candidate for playing a role in nodule-morphogenesis. Blotting data showed that <em>GmN479</em> is a single copy presenting in the genome of soybean nodule, and its expression profile is similar to that of Lb-a, but it is different from that of ENOD2. GUS staining showed that GmN479 promoter just functions in the infected cells of nodules, indicating that the <em>GmN479</em> is one of the truly symbiotically induced host genes, and belongs to a late nodulin gene. The expression pattern of <em>GmN479</em> gene seems to imply that it may be closely related to the development of the nodule. In a sense, it may be a useful marker for identifying the development of the infected cell system in the nodules of soybean.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 10","pages":"Pages 1512-1524"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60146-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56761899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Relationship Between Grain Yield and Yield Components in Super Hybrid Rice 超级杂交稻籽粒产量与产量成分的关系

Agricultural Sciences in China Pub Date : 2011-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60149-1

HUANG Min, ZOU Ying-bin, JIANG Peng, XIA Bing, Md Ibrahim, AO He-jun

{"title":"Relationship Between Grain Yield and Yield Components in Super Hybrid Rice","authors":"HUANG Min, ZOU Ying-bin, JIANG Peng, XIA Bing, Md Ibrahim, AO He-jun","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60149-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60149-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Chinese super hybrid rice breeding project has developed many new varieties with great yield potential. It is controversial which yield component should be emphasized in super hybrid rice production. The present study was conducted to compare super hybrid rice with common hybrid and super inbred rice and analyze contributions of yield components to grain yield of super hybrid rice under experimental conditions, and evaluate relationships between grain yield and yield components of super hybrid rice in farmer's paddy fields. Field experiments were done in Changsha, Guidong, and Nanxian, Hunan Province, China, from 2007 to 2009. Eight super hybrid varieties, one common hybrid variety, and one super inbred variety were grown in each location and year. Rice production investigation was undertaken in high-yielding (Guidong), moderate-yielding (Nanxian), and low-yielding (Ningxiang) regions of Hunan Province, China, in 2009. Grain yield and yield components were measured in both the field experiments and rice production investigation. Super hybrid rice varieties outyielded common hybrid and super inbred varieties across three locations and years. Yield potential has been increased by 11.4% in super hybrid rice varieties compared with common and super inbred varieties. The higher yield of super hybrid varieties was attributed to improvement in panicle size. Panicles per m<sup>2</sup> had the highest positive contribution to grain yield with the exception under yield level of 10.0 to 12.0 t ha-<sup>1</sup>, and was positively related to grain yield in farmer“s field at all of the high-, moderate-, and low-yielding regions. Our study suggests that panicle per m<sup>2</sup> ought to be emphasized in super hybrid rice production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 10","pages":"Pages 1537-1544"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60149-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56762268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 105

Transgenic Pigs Carrying a Synthesized Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene Yield High Level of co-3 PUFAs 携带合成脂肪酸去饱和酶基因的转基因猪产生高水平的co-3 PUFAs

Agricultural Sciences in China Pub Date : 2011-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60157-0

REN Hong-yan , ZHENG Xin-min , CHEN Hong-xing , LI Kui

{"title":"Transgenic Pigs Carrying a Synthesized Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene Yield High Level of co-3 PUFAs","authors":"REN Hong-yan , ZHENG Xin-min , CHEN Hong-xing , LI Kui","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60157-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60157-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential for normal growth in mammals, especially the co-3 PUFAs, which play important roles in preventing several life-threatening diseases, such as coronary heart disease and diabetes. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the <em>sFat-1</em> gene from <em>Caenorhabditis briggsae</em> could be functionally expressed in transgenic pigs, and whether the transgenic could synthesize high quality co-3 PUFAs endogenously. In this study, a gene construct consisting of CMV promoter and 1.9 kb cDNA of co-3 fatty acid desaturase gene <em>(sFat-1)</em> from <em>C. briggsae</em> was injected into the male pronucleus of pig embryos by micro injection. The piglets were screened for the transgene by PCR, Southern blot and reverse transcription-PCR analysis. Pigs that give positive results were mated with wild-type pigs to produce the next generation and the transmission of transgene was examined by PCR analysis. Fatty acids compositions of various tissues in the transgenic pigs were then analyzed by gas Chromatograph. A total of 878 embryos were transferred into 42 recipients, among which 29 successfully got pregnant and gave birth to a total of 162 piglets, and 8 of them were identified to be transgenic. Fatty acid compositions in the transgenic pigs were altered, and the levels of co-6: co-3 ratios were decreased from 14.53 in the control to 2.62 in <em>Fat-1</em> transgenic pigs. A number of primary sFa/-./-transgenic pigs were bred in this study, which lays the foundation for cultivation of new varieties of transgenic pigs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 10","pages":"Pages 1603-1608"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60157-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56762461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Cytological Behavior of Hybridization Barriers Between Oryza sativa and Oryza officinalis 米与稻杂交屏障的细胞学行为

Agricultural Sciences in China Pub Date : 2011-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60143-0

FU Xue-lin, LU Yong-gen, Xiang-dong LIU, Jin-quan LI, Xing-juan ZHAO

{"title":"Cytological Behavior of Hybridization Barriers Between Oryza sativa and Oryza officinalis","authors":"FU Xue-lin, LU Yong-gen, Xiang-dong LIU, Jin-quan LI, Xing-juan ZHAO","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60143-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60143-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Abstract</h3><p><em>Oryza officinalis</em> is one of the important wild species in the tertiary gene pool of <em>Oryza sativa.</em> It has a number of elite genes for rice breeding in resistance or tolerance. However, breeding barriers are so serious that the gene transfer is much difficult by sexual cross method between <em>O. sativa</em> and <em>O. officinalis.</em> Characteristics of the breeding barriers were systemically studied in this paper. When both the diploid (AA, 2n=2x=24) and autotetraploid (AAAA, 2n=4x=48) cultivated rice were crossed as maternal parents with <em>O. officinalis</em> (CC, 2n=2x=24), none Fj hybrid seeds were obtained. The young hybrid ovaries aborted at 13-16 d after pollinations (DAP). By rescuing hybrid embryos, <em>in vitro</em> Fj plantlets were obtained in 2x×2x combinations with the crossabilities lower than 0.5%. Lower rates of double-fertilization and abnormal development of hybrid embryo and endosperm were mainly observed in both combinations of 2x×2x and 4x×2x. Free endosperm nuclei in hybrid degenerated early at 1 DAP in a large scale. Almost no normal endosperm cells formed at 3 DAP. Development of a lot of embryos ceased at globular- or pear-shaped stage as well as some degenerated gradually. The hybrid plantlets were both male and female sterility. Due to the abnormal development, a diversity of abnormal embryo sacs formed in hybrids, and hybrid pollen grains were typically abortive. It showed that conflicts of genome A and C in hybrid induced abnormal meioses of meiocytes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 10","pages":"Pages 1489-1500"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60143-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56761798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Analysis of SSRs Information in Capsicum spp. from EST Database EST数据库辣椒品种SSRs信息分析

Agricultural Sciences in China Pub Date : 2011-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60148-X

HUANG Huan-huan, ZHANG Zhong-hua, ZHANG Zheng-hai, MAO Sheng-li, WANG Li-hao, ZHANG Bao-xi

{"title":"Analysis of SSRs Information in Capsicum spp. from EST Database","authors":"HUANG Huan-huan, ZHANG Zhong-hua, ZHANG Zheng-hai, MAO Sheng-li, WANG Li-hao, ZHANG Bao-xi","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60148-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60148-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Abstract</h3><p>SSR markers are useful in pepper linkage mapping and gene location. 446 SSR markers have been reported, but they are insufficient. It is costly to develop SSR markers from DNA library, whereas it seems much easy to find in EST sequences in the GenBank of pepper through internet. In this study, attempts have been made to develop SSR markers in the EST sequences by using bioinformatics. EST sequences were trimmed by ‘est-trimmer.pr software, while 116915EST sequences were obtained without poly ‘A’ or poly ‘T’, ranged between 100 and 700 bp. Using ‘e-PCR’ and ‘del.pl’ softwares, SSR sequences were identified. 2 508 micro satellite loci (larger than 20 repeats) were established and 755 SSR primers were designed using SSR finder software and Primer 3 software. There were 498 (0.43%) mono-, 1 026 (0.89%) di-, 518 (0.45%) tn-, 245 (0.21%) tetra-, 114 (0.10%) penta-, and 107 (0.09%) hexa-nucleotide SSRs. The estimated frequency of SSRs was approximately 1/25.12 kb. According to the distribution of SSRs in pepper, the mean length of pepper SSRs was 22.68 bp and the adenine rich repeats such as A/T, AG, AT, AAG, AAAT, and AAAC were predominant in each type of SSRs (mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexa-), whereas the C/G, CG, CCG repeats were less abundant. 210 primers were tested in 8 pepper cultivars and the PCR result revealed the existence of polymorphism among 127 (60.48%) SSR primers within 8 pepper cultivars. It is confirmed that pepper EST database could be efficiently exploited for availability of SSR markers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 10","pages":"Pages 1532-1536"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60148-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56762252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Effect of Plant Density on Wild Oat Competition with Competitive and Non-Competitive Wheat Cultivars 植物密度对野生燕麦与竞争性和非竞争性小麦品种竞争的影响

Agricultural Sciences in China Pub Date : 2011-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60151-X

Mohammad Armin , Mohammed Asghripour

{"title":"Effect of Plant Density on Wild Oat Competition with Competitive and Non-Competitive Wheat Cultivars","authors":"Mohammad Armin , Mohammed Asghripour","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60151-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60151-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Wild oat <em>(Avena ludoviciana)</em> is one of the worst weeds in wheat fields. The effect of wheat density on wild oat competition with more or less competitive wheat cultivars <em>(Triticum aestivum)</em> was investigated at the Experimental Farm of Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute, Karaj, Iran. The experiment was established as a factorial combination of wheat varieties Roshan as non-competitive and Niknejad as competitive; three wheat densities (recommended density, recommended+25%, and recommended+50%, corresponding respectively with 300, 375, and 450 plants m-<sup>2</sup> for Roshan and 400, 500, and 600 plants nr<sup>2</sup> for Niknejad) and four wild oat densities (0, 25, 50, and 75 plants nr<sup>2</sup>) were selected for this experiment. Hyperbolic equations were used to describe relationship between yield and weed density. Increase in wheat density reduced wild oat biomass. Maximum wild oat biomass was achieved at the highest density of the wild oat together with the lowest wheat density. The results showed that higher densities of wheat are able to suppress wild oat dry matter production. Inter-specific competition in Niknejad was 1.7 times more than that in Roshan. Maximum yields of Niknejad and Roshan in the presence of wild oat were obtained at recommended density+25% and recommended density, respectively. Increase in wheat density leads to a decrease in wheat yield due to an increase in intra-specific competition. Increase in wild oat density results in the reduction of wheat yield through decrease in fertile tiller per plant and spike nr<sup>2</sup>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 10","pages":"Pages 1554-1561"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60151-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56762337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Expression and Characterization of a Sigma-Class Glutathione S-transferase of the Oriental Migratory Locust, Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen) 东方飞蝗Sigma-Class谷胱甘肽s -转移酶的表达及特性研究

Agricultural Sciences in China Pub Date : 2011-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60153-3

Mao JIA , Guo-hua QIN , Ting LIU , Jian-zhen ZHANG , ZHANG Xue-yao , ZHU Kun-yani , GUO Ya-ping , MA En-bo

{"title":"Expression and Characterization of a Sigma-Class Glutathione S-transferase of the Oriental Migratory Locust, Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen)","authors":"Mao JIA , Guo-hua QIN , Ting LIU , Jian-zhen ZHANG , ZHANG Xue-yao , ZHU Kun-yani , GUO Ya-ping , MA En-bo","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60153-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60153-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Abstract</h3><p>A cDNA encoding a sigma-class glutathione S-transferase of the locust, <em>Locusta migratoria manilensis</em> (LmGSTsl), was cloned by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The 830 bp-long cDNA encoded a 615 bp open reading frame (204 amino acid polypeptide), which exhibited the structural motif and domain organization characteristic of GST sigma-class. It revealed 59, 57, 57, and 56% identities to sigma-class GSTs from <em>Blattella germanica, Gryllotalpa orientalis, Nasonia vitripennis,</em> and <em>Pediculus humanus corporis,</em> respectively. A recombinant protein (LmGSTsl) was functionally expressed in <em>Escherichia coli</em> cells in a soluble form and purified to homogeneity. LmGSTsl was able to catalyze the biotranslation of glutathione with l-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, a model substrate for GSTs, as well as with/?-nitro-benzyl chloride. Its optimal activity was observed at pH 8.0 and at 30°C. Incubation for 30 min at temperatures below 50°C scarcely affected the activity. The I<sub>50</sub> of reactive blue (RB) was 18.5 umol L-<sup>1</sup>. In the presence of 0.05 mmol L-<sup>1</sup> ethacrynic acid (ECA), LmGSTsl showed (81±3)% of the original activities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 10","pages":"Pages 1570-1576"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60153-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56762361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Screening of a Composite Microbial System and Its Characteristics of Wheat Straw Degradation 麦秸降解复合微生物系统的筛选及其特性研究

Agricultural Sciences in China Pub Date : 2011-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60155-7

LI Pei-pei, WANG Xiao-juan, YUAN Xu-feng, WANG Xiao-fen, CAO Yan-zuan, CUI Zong-jun

{"title":"Screening of a Composite Microbial System and Its Characteristics of Wheat Straw Degradation","authors":"LI Pei-pei, WANG Xiao-juan, YUAN Xu-feng, WANG Xiao-fen, CAO Yan-zuan, CUI Zong-jun","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60155-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60155-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Abstract</h3><p>To accelerate the decomposition of wheat straw directly returned to soil, we constructed a microbial system (ADS-3) from agricultural soil containing rotting straw residues using a 40-wk limited cultivation. To assess its potential use for accelerating straw decomposing, the decomposing characteristics and the microbial composition of ADS-3 were analyzed. The results indicated that it could degrade wheat straw and filter paper by 63.8 and 80%, respectively, during 15 d of incubation. Straw hemicellulose degraded dramatically 51.2% during the first 3 d, decreasing up to 73.7% by the end of incubation. Cellulose showed sustained degradation reaching 53.3% in 15 d. Peak values of xylanase and cellulase activities appeared at 3 and lid, with 1.32 and 0.15 U mL-<sup>1</sup>, respectively. Estimated pH averaged 6.4-7.6 during the degradation process, which approximated acidity and alkalinity of normal soils. The microbial composition of ADS-3 was stable based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis. By using bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal 26S rRNA gene clone library analysis, 20 bacterial clones and 7 fungal clones were detected. Closest identified relatives of bacteria represented by <em>Bacillus fusiformis, Cytophaga</em> sp., uncultured Clostridiales bacterium, <em>Ruminobacillus xylanolyticum, Clostridium hydroxybenzoicum,</em> and uncultured <em>proteobacterium</em> and the fungi were mainly identified as related to <em>Pichia</em> sp. and uncultured fungus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 10","pages":"Pages 1586-1594"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60155-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56762440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18