Agricultural Sciences in China最新文献

{"title":"Antioxidant Effects of Oats Avenanthramides on Human Serum","authors":"Sen LIU ,&nbsp;Nan YANG ,&nbsp;Zhao-hua HOU ,&nbsp;Yang YAO ,&nbsp;Li LÜ ,&nbsp;Xian-rong ZHOU ,&nbsp;Gui-xing REN","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60122-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60122-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The antioxidant ability of capsules containing oats avenanthramides on human body was evaluated in present study. Healthy people were randomized to supplementation with oats-derived avenanthramides capsules or placebo for 1 mon. Plasma lipid peroxides and antioxidant status were measured. For 8 capsules (containing 3.12 mg avenanthramides) groups, the levels of serum Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione hormone (GSH) were significantly increased by 8.4 and 17.9%, respectively (P&lt;0.05), and malondialdehyde (MDA) level significantly decreased by 28.1%. The total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were lowered by 11.1, 28.1, and 15.1%, respectively (P&lt;0.05). The high density blood lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in the same treat was increased by 13.2%. Based on our research, it can be concluded that oats extract containing avenanthramides possessed a high antioxidative activity on humans. It indicated that oat avenanthramides could be used to prevent hyperlipemic and angiocardiopathy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 8","pages":"Pages 1301-1305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60122-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56761829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brassinosteroids and Auxin Down-Regulate DELLA Genes in Fiber Initiation and Elongation of Cotton","authors":"Ming-yu HU ,&nbsp;Ming LUO ,&nbsp;Yue-hua XIAO,&nbsp;Xian-bi LI,&nbsp;Kun-ling TAN,&nbsp;Lei HOU,&nbsp;Jing DONG,&nbsp;De-mou LI,&nbsp;Shui-qing SONG,&nbsp;Juan ZHAO,&nbsp;Zhen-le ZANG,&nbsp;Bao-li LI,&nbsp;Yan PEI","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60107-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60107-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plant hormones play important roles in cotton fiber growth and development. However, the interaction of phytohormones is largely unknown in fiber cells up to now. DELLA proteins are critical component in GA (gibberellic acid) signal transduction, which are also regulated by other phytohormones, such as auxin and ethylene. To understand the regulation of DELLA genes in cotton fiber growth and development, we cloned four DELLA genes from upland cotton fibers <em>(Gossypium hirsutum</em> L.), named <em>GhGAI1, GhGAI2, GhGAI3,</em> and <em>GhGAI4.</em> Alignment of the four predicted proteins with other reported DELLA proteins in various species displayed that they shared conserved domains and high homology. Expression profiles of the four <em>GhGAIs</em> in various tissues and organs as well as cotton fibers in different stages displayed that <em>GhGAI1</em> has higher transcriptional levels than other <em>GhGAIs</em> in all detected samples. Furthermore, the expression level of <em>GhGAI1</em> was significantly reduced in 0 dpa (day post anthesis) ovules by addition of IAA and epi-BL, and exogenous epi-BL decreased <em>GhGAI1</em> level in 7 dpa fiber. Similarly, the levels of the other three <em>GhGAIs</em> in 0 dpa ovules and 7 dpa fibers were also regulated by applied phytohormones. In addition, the levels of <em>GhGAI1</em> were higher in <em>Xuzhou142 fl</em> mutant <em>(fuzzless-lintless)</em> than in FL <em>(Gossypium hirsutum vs.</em> Xuzhou 142) from −1 to 3 dpa ovules, suggesting that GhGAI1 engaged in cotton fiber cell initiation. These results indicated that DELLA genes are involved in the process of fiber cell initiation and elongation regulated by different phytohormones.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 8","pages":"Pages 1168-1176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60107-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56751374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tribenuron-Methyl Resistant Shepherd's Purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.) in Hebei Province of China","authors":"Gui-qi WANG ,&nbsp;Hai-lan CUI ,&nbsp;Hong-jun ZHANG ,&nbsp;Yan-qiu ZHANG ,&nbsp;Xue LIU ,&nbsp;Xiang-ju LI ,&nbsp;Cui-qin FAN","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60115-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60115-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Shepherd's purse seeds were collected from winter wheat fields and road sides in Hebei Province, China. Their sensitivities to tribenuron-methyl were evaluated in a whole plant dose response assay in the greenhouse. Results revealed that HB-1, HB-2, HB-3, HB-4, HB-6, HB-7, HB-17, HB-18, HB-19, HB-20, HB-21, and HB-22 populations were susceptible to tribenuronmethyl characterised by very low GR₅₀ values of about 0.10 g a.i. ha-¹. On the other hand, populations HB-15 and HB-16 had moderate resistance to tribenuron-methyl with resistance indices (RI) ranging from 10-100 folds, whilst populations HB-5, HB-8, HB-9, HB-10, HB-11, HB-12, HB-13, and HB-14 expressed high level of resistance to tribenuron-methyl with resistance indices over 100. The proportion of moderate resistance level was about 9.09%, and that of high resistance was about 36.36%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 8","pages":"Pages 1241-1245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60115-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56756894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing the γ-Irradiated Sodium Alginate as a Plant Growth Promoter for Enhancing the Growth, Physiological Activities, and Alkaloids Production in Catharanthus roseus L.","authors":"Mohd Idrees ,&nbsp;Mohd Naeem ,&nbsp;Masidur Alam ,&nbsp;Tariq Aftab ,&nbsp;Nadeem Hashmi ,&nbsp;Mohd Masroor Akhtar Khan ,&nbsp;Moinuddin ,&nbsp;Lalit Varshney","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60112-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60112-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sodium alginate is a polysaccharide that is largely obtained from the brown algae <em>(Sargassum</em> sp.). It has been used as a wonderful growth promoting substance in its depolymerized form for various plants. The aim of this study was to find out the effects of various concentrations of γ-irradiated sodium alginate (ISA), <em>viz.,</em> deionized water (control, T₀), 20 (T₁), 40 (T₂), 60 (T₃), 80 (T₄), and 100 ppm (T₅) on the agricultural performance of <em>Catharanthus roseus</em> L. (Rosea) in terms of growth attributes, photosynthesis, physiological activities, and alkaloid production. The present work revealed that ISA applied as leaf-sprays at concentrations from 20 to 100 ppm might improve growth, photosynthesis, physiological activities, and alkaloid production in <em>C. roseus</em> L. significantly. Of the various ISA concentrations, 80 ppm proved to be the best one compared to other concentrations applied.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 8","pages":"Pages 1213-1221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60112-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56754960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis on Chemical Components and Sensory Quality of Aging Flue-Cured Tobacco from Four Main Tobacco Areas of China","authors":"Jing-guo SUN ,&nbsp;Jie-wang HE ,&nbsp;Feng-guang WU ,&nbsp;Shu-xing TU ,&nbsp;Tie-jun YAN ,&nbsp;Hui SI ,&nbsp;Hao XIE","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60113-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60113-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Complicated changes are happening during the aging process of flue-cured tobacco (FCT) and understanding of the changing components is of great significance in improving the quality, shortening aging time, and enhancing production and economic efficiency in tobacco industry. The aging samples of FCT from four main producing areas of China, i.e., Yunnan, Sichuan, Hubei, and Dongbei, were used to study the changing rule of the components such as alkali, acid, and carbohydrate as well as the aroma and their relationship with sensory quality; and based on the correlation among the components and the sensory quality index, multivariable models were established to predict the aging quality. The results showed that the sensory quality of FCT increased steadily during the aging time, and at the same time, the acidic components (total organic acids, volatile acids) increased gradually, while the alkaline substances (nicotine, volatile alkali), carbohydrate (total sugars, reducing sugar) and pH values showed a downward trend. Correlation analysis found that the sensory quality and pH values were negatively correlated (P&lt;0.05), while the sensory quality with total organic acids and aroma were positively correlated. The optimal model for predicting the quality of FCT was <em>y=</em>56.75-0.63<em>x</em>₁²+50.09<em>x</em>₂-13.27<em>x</em>₂², <em>(y:</em> sensory quality; <em>x</em>₁. pH; <em>x</em>₂: total organic acids). The average predicating error was 1.04% with maximum predicating error of 2.89% and the accuracy rate of above 97%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 8","pages":"Pages 1222-1231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60113-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56755935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroRNAs Involved in the Pathogenesis of Phytophthora Root Rot of Soybean (Glycine max)","authors":"Jingi WANG Ph D ,&nbsp;Chun-yan LIU Ph D ,&nbsp;Li-wei ZHANG ,&nbsp;Jia-lin WANG ,&nbsp;Guo-hua HU ,&nbsp;Jun-jie DING ,&nbsp;Qing-shan CHEN","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60106-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60106-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phytophthora root rot is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, which can infect the seedlings and plants, with substantial negative impact on soybean yield and quality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression during growth and development of organisms. A soybean disease-resistance variety Suinong 10 was inoculated with <em>Phytophthora sojae</em> race No. 1, and the specific miRNA resistant expression profile was acquired by microarray for the first time. Different expressional miRNAs have been found after comparing the results of the treated sample with the control sample. Furthermore, the target genes of different expressional miRNAs were predicted. Two miRNAs, cbr-mir-241 and ath-miR854a, regulated the disease-resistance process directly through their targets, some enzymes. Another two miRNAs, gma-miR169a and ath-miR169h, participated in disease-resistance regulation as transcription factors. Similarly, one miRNA, ptc-miR164f, has been reported to regulate the plant development. All of these studies would be served as the foundation for exploring the resistance mechanism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 8","pages":"Pages 1159-1167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60106-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56751360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alleviation of Chromium Toxicity by Silicon Addition in Rice Plants","authors":"Fan-rong ZENG Ph D ,&nbsp;Fu-sheng ZHAO ,&nbsp;Bo-yin QIU ,&nbsp;You-nan OUYANG ,&nbsp;Fei-bo WU ,&nbsp;Guo-ping ZHANG","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60109-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60109-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The alleviatory effect of silicon (Si) on chromium (Cr) toxicity to rice plants was investigated using a hydroponic experiment with two Cr levels (0 and 100 μmol L⁻¹), three Si levels (0, 1.25, and 2.5 mmol L⁻¹) and two rice genotypes, differing in grain Cr accumulation (Dan K5, high accumulation and Xiushui 113, low accumulation). The results showed that 100 μmol L⁻¹ Cr treatment caused a marked reduction of seedling height, dry biomass, soluble protein content, and root antioxidant enzyme activity, whereas significantly increased Cr concentration and TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) content. However, the reductions of seedling height, dry biomass, and soluble content were greatly alleviated due to Si addition to the culture solution. Compared with the plants treated with Cr alone, Si addition markedly reduced Cr uptake and translocation in rice plants. No significant differences were observed between the two Si treatments (1.25 and 2.5 mmol L⁻¹) in shoot Cr concentration and Cr translocation factor. Under the treatment of 100 μmol L⁻¹ Cr+2.5 mmol L⁻¹ Si, higher root Cr concentration but lower shoot Cr concentration and Cr translocation factor were observed in Dan K5 than those in Xiushui 113, indicating that the beneficial effect of Si on inhibiting Cr translocation was more pronounced in Dan K5 than in Xiushui 113. Si addition also alleviated the reduction of antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in leaves; catalase (CAT) and APX in roots) and the increase of TBARS content in the Cr-stressed plants. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of Si on activities of antioxidative enzymes under Cr stress were genotype-dependent. The highest activities of SOD, POD (guaiacol peroxidase), CAT, and APX in leaves occurred in the treatment of 100 μmol L⁻¹ Cr+2.5 mmol L⁻¹ Si for Xiushui 113 and in the treatment of 100 μmol L⁻¹ Cr+1.25 mmol L⁻¹ Si for Dan K5. The beneficial effect of Si on alleviating oxidative stress was much more pronounced in Dan K5 than in Xiushui 113. It may be concluded that Si alleviates Cr toxicity mainly through inhibiting the uptake and translocation of Cr and enhancing the capacity of defense against oxidative stress induced by Cr toxicity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 8","pages":"Pages 1188-1196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60109-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56752352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Analysis of orexin Gene 5′ Regulatory Region in Chinese Indigenous Cattle Populations","authors":"Ai-ling ZHANG Ph D ,&nbsp;Li ZHANG ,&nbsp;Liang-zhi ZHANG ,&nbsp;Xian-yong LAN ,&nbsp;Cun-lei ZHANG ,&nbsp;Cun-fang ZHANG ,&nbsp;Hong CHEN","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60119-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60119-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Orexin is an important neuropeptide that influences livestock's appetite and food intake and is closely related with livestock's growth and development. The variations in the <em>orexin</em> gene 5′ regulatory region might have an influence on the gene expression. Based on the hypothesis, five overlapped fragments including 1 794 bp of <em>orexin</em> gene 5′ regulatory region were investigated for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing in three indigenous cattle populations. A total of five SSCP patterns observed revealed ten SNPs in the region. Two SSCP patterns genotypes (A and B) were exhibited in 0-2 fragment and three (A, B and C) were found in 0-5 fragment. 0-2 contained four SNPs, <em>viz.,</em> −583 T&gt;C, −479 OT, −474 A&gt;T, and −451 A&gt;G. In another lous 0-5, six SNPs were identified (-1 610 OG, −1 585 G&gt;A, −1 550 T&gt;C, −1 548 A&gt;C, −1 438 OT, and −1 431 OA). Seven SNPs were found in transcription factor binding sites and four out of them existed in the core sequences. The SNPs at −479, −474 and −451 did not change the putative recognition core sequences of their factors. But the mutation at −583 changed the binding sequence of EVI1 into NFA and created one new binding site for ZFHX simultaneously. In three populations, the frequencies of A, B and C genotypes of 0-2 were 0.2367, 0.4842 and 0.2791, respectively. And the A pattern of 0-5 was preponderant (0.7549) and the other B pattern was not (0.2451). But the frequencies of different SSCP variants varied across three cattle populations. B genotype in 0-2 had significant associations to body weight (BW) and daily weight gain (DWG) in Nanyang cattle 6- and 12-mon aged and might serve as one potential candidate genetic marker for growth and development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 8","pages":"Pages 1273-1279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60119-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56760980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Non-Marker Mutagenesis Strategy to Generate Poly-hrp Gene Mutants in the Rice Pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola","authors":"Li-fang ZOU ,&nbsp;Yu-rong LI ,&nbsp;Gong-you CHEN","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60104-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60104-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Xanthomonas oryzae</em> pv. <em>oryzicola (Xoc),</em> the critical pathogen causing bacterial leaf streak in rice, possesses a <em>hrp</em> cluster that is responsible for triggering hypersensitive response (HR) in non-host tobacco and pathogenicity in host rice, and is considered to be one of the model pathogens in the rice model plant. Here, we developed a high-throughput mutagenesis system using a two-step integration mediated by a novel suicide vector pKMS1. It was used to generate single or poly-gene mutants of <em>hpa1, hpa2, hrcV, hrpE, hpaB,</em> and <em>hrpF</em> gene for functional analysis. In total, five single, four double, and two triple <em>hrp</em> gene mutants were constructed. The double and triple <em>hrp</em> gene deletion mutants triggered novel phenotypes <em>in planta.</em> Our data suggest that pKMS1 is a useful tool for non-marker mutagenesis of multiple genes in <em>Xoc.</em></p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 8","pages":"Pages 1139-1150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60104-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56751296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Field Study on Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization Modes on Nutrient Uptake, Crop Yield and Soil Biological Properties in Rice-Wheat Rotation System","authors":"Guan GUAN ,&nbsp;Shu-xin TU ,&nbsp;Jun-cheng YANG ,&nbsp;Jian-feng ZHANG ,&nbsp;Li YANG","doi":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60117-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60117-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rational application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers is an important measure to raise N fertilizer recovery rate and reduce N loss. A two-year field experiment of rice-wheat rotation was employed to study the effects of N fertilization modes including a N fertilizer reduction and an organic manure replacement on crop yield, nutrient uptake, soil enzyme activity, and number of microbes as well as diversity of microbes. The result showed that 20% reduction of traditional N fertilizer dose of local farmers did not significantly change crop yield, N uptake, soil enzyme activity, and the number of microbes (bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi). On the basis of 20% reduction of N fertilizer, 50% replacement of N fertilizer by organic manure increased the activity of sucrose, protease, urease, and phosphatase by 46-62, 27-89, 33-46, and 35-74%, respectively, and the number of microbes, i.e., bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi by 36-150, 11-153, and 43-56%, respectively. Further, organic fertilizer replacement had a Shannon's diversity index (H) of 2.18, which was higher than that of other modes of single N fertilizer application. The results suggested that reducing N fertilizer by 20% and applying organic manure in the experimental areas could effectively lower the production costs and significantly improve soil fertility and biological properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7475,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Sciences in China","volume":"10 8","pages":"Pages 1254-1261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60117-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56759038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}