{"title":"Nucleus Accumbens Functional Connectivity with the Default Mode Network: Black Children’s Diminished Returns of Household Income","authors":"S. Assari","doi":"10.22158/rhs.v6n3p34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/rhs.v6n3p34","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Although research has established a link between socioeconomic status (SES) and neuroimaging measures, weaker SES effects are shown for Blacks than Whites. This is, in part, due to processes such as stratification, racism, mineralization, and othering of Black people in the US. Purpose: This study had two aims: First to test the association between household income and the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) resting-state functional connectivity with the Default Mode Network (DMN) in children, and second, to investigate racial heterogeneity in this association. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. We analyzed the resting-state functional connectivity data using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rsfMRI) of 7903 US pre-adolescents who were between ages 9 and 10 years old. The main outcome was the NAcc resting-state functional connectivity with DMN. The independent variable was household income. Age, sex, and family structure were the study covariates. Race was the moderator. Mixed-effects regression models were used for data analysis with and without interaction terms between household income and race. Results: Higher household income was associated with higher NAcc resting-state functional connectivity with DMN. Race showed a statistically significant interaction with household income suggesting that the NAcc resting-state functional connectivity with DMN was significantly weaker for Black compared to White pre-adolescents. Conclusions: In line with Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs), the association between household income and pre-adolescents NAcc resting-state functional connectivity with DMN is weaker in Black than in White children. This result is of interest because DMN’s functional connectivity with NAcc may have a role in cognitive flexibility and reward processing. The weaker links between SES indicators and neuroimaging findings for Blacks than for Whites may reflect the racialization of Black people in the US. Social stratification, racism, and discrimination may minimize the returns of SES for Black families, who have been oppressed for centuries.","PeriodicalId":74678,"journal":{"name":"Research in health science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86049814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth Armstrong-Mensah, Bianca Tenney, Victoria Hawley
{"title":"Ebola Virus Disease in sub-Saharan Africa: Addressing Gaps to Handle Future Outbreaks","authors":"Elizabeth Armstrong-Mensah, Bianca Tenney, Victoria Hawley","doi":"10.22158/rhs.v6n3p28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/rhs.v6n3p28","url":null,"abstract":"Between 2014 and 2016, the three West African countries of Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone experienced the deadliest Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in sub-Saharan Africa. Two years later, a tenth epidemic recurred in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), specifically in the North Kivu and Ituri provinces, which lasted until June 2020. Though they occurred in different countries, a review of how the EVD outbreaks in Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and the DRC were handled by the respective country governments, reveal gaps in disease detection, response and action due to lack of surveillance, an EVD preparedness plan, and weak health systems. This perspective discusses the EVD outbreaks in Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and the DRC, their effects, and draws attention to gaps that need to be addressed by these countries in order to be better prepared to handle future outbreaks. Acting on the proposed recommendations will not only benefit Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and the DRC in the future, but will be of benefit to EVD susceptible countries in sub-Saharan Africa, as we live in a global community where diseases are no respecters of boundaries.","PeriodicalId":74678,"journal":{"name":"Research in health science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90867439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Singh, Amanda R Kalupa, C. Jani, Arashdeep Rupal, Alexander Walker, H. Patel, Kurt Hu
{"title":"Pregabalin Neurotoxicity Associated with Triphasic Waves on Electroencephalogram. Conservative Management or Hemodialysis?","authors":"H. Singh, Amanda R Kalupa, C. Jani, Arashdeep Rupal, Alexander Walker, H. Patel, Kurt Hu","doi":"10.22158/RHS.V6N3P22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/RHS.V6N3P22","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>n/a</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":74678,"journal":{"name":"Research in health science","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78152225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Jani, Alexander Walker, A. Ahmed, Arashdeep Rupal, Dipesh Patel, L. Agarwal, O. Omari, Khushbo Bhatia, A. Dar, H. Singh, Mary Marschner
{"title":"Lisinopril Induced Visceral Angioedema","authors":"C. Jani, Alexander Walker, A. Ahmed, Arashdeep Rupal, Dipesh Patel, L. Agarwal, O. Omari, Khushbo Bhatia, A. Dar, H. Singh, Mary Marschner","doi":"10.22158/rhs.v6n3p16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/rhs.v6n3p16","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>n/a</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":74678,"journal":{"name":"Research in health science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83185168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. K. Malavige, S. Sridharan, G. Dharmaratne, Sagari Kiriwandeniya, Nelum Samaruthilake, I. R. Malawige
{"title":"Obstetric Care Made High Reliabile: Perception of Staff on Factors Associated with Practice of High Reliability Organization Principles in a Selected Tertiary Care Maternity Hospital","authors":"K. K. Malavige, S. Sridharan, G. Dharmaratne, Sagari Kiriwandeniya, Nelum Samaruthilake, I. R. Malawige","doi":"10.22158/rhs.v6n3p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/rhs.v6n3p1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Patient safety and high reliability related to obstetric care has become a global concern especially during this COVID-19 pandemic period.Aim of this study is to assess the components of Socio Technical system as the factors affecting while adopting High-Reliability Organization (HRO) Principles as perceived by staff. Methodology: This is a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted using a self-administered questionnaire.Results: Out of the five factors affecting HRO practices as perceived by staff, \"Organizational Safety Culture\" (Mean- 4.25., SD-0.454 Significant at <0.01 level), Communication (SD-4.15, SD-0.579), and Teamwork (Mean:3.95, SD:0.499). are having a statistically significant (p <0.05 corresponding to Spearman’s correlation Coefficient positive association with the practice of HRO principles. According to Multiple linear regression model explains 29% of the variability of the HRO practices (dependent variable) can be explained by the factors affecting HRO practices (independent variables) if all the factors operate together. Gender, age, educational level, designation and working experience act as moderating variables to Organizational Safety Culture. There is a significant (p <0.05) difference of HRO practices among female gender, nursing category of staff which is better than other categories.Conclusion: Organizational safety culture, communication and Teamwork and work environment show significant effect on determining HRO practices which is important for policy makers and administrators to pay attention on above three factors to improve reliability. But these five factors (including leadership and working environment) explains only one third of variability of HRO practices), hence need to study other factors affecting reliability of performance.","PeriodicalId":74678,"journal":{"name":"Research in health science","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85394877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research on Related Problems of Adult Doll Experience Store","authors":"Cong Yujun","doi":"10.22158/RHS.V6N2P65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/RHS.V6N2P65","url":null,"abstract":"The establishment of adult doll experience hall has aroused great controversy. Objectively speaking, this kind of experience hall has certain positive effects, but also has certain potential risks. According to the current laws and regulations, operating an adult doll experience store does not constitute a crime, nor does it constitute a general offense. In practice, the health problems of experience stores are not prominent, which can be avoided through daily business activities and supervision activities; Basically, there is no physical or psychological damage to minors. Relevant departments should treat this new industry correctly, perfect legislation and implement administration according to law.","PeriodicalId":74678,"journal":{"name":"Research in health science","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77877251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huang Zhenyu, Liao Xiaoyu, Lv Jiajun, Z. Xinfeng, S. Hongliang
{"title":"Study on Countermeasures to Improve College Students’ Willingness of Participation in Body Donation Based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs","authors":"Huang Zhenyu, Liao Xiaoyu, Lv Jiajun, Z. Xinfeng, S. Hongliang","doi":"10.22158/RHS.V6N2P59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/RHS.V6N2P59","url":null,"abstract":"The cause of body donation is of great medical and social importance. How to get rid of the shackles of traditional ideas in order to accelerate the development of body donation has become a hot topic under the premise that the willingness of Chinese to participate in body donation is generally low or even unable to meet the needs of medical development. Having an intense sense of social responsibility and a developmental dialectical thinking, college students can view body donation more rationally. For this reason, college students are the ideal target group for the cause of body donation to break away from the shackles of traditional ideology and accelerate the development of itself. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is an essential theory in behavioral science, which is mainly embodied in the intuitive analysis of human needs and the targeted effect of action incentive. Under the circumstances of comprehensive understanding the needs of college students, this paper would deeply analysis the basis, significance and correspondence of their willingness of participating in body donation and discuss how to improve it around five sorts of needs based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.","PeriodicalId":74678,"journal":{"name":"Research in health science","volume":"8 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85960940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Skondra, C. Christodoulidou, T. Tegos, C. Vourlakou, A. Paikopoulou, K. Folinas, Styliani Plavoukou, Nikolina Stavrinou, K. Christofidis, C. Gakiopoulou, N. Alevizopoulos, M. Vaslamatzis
{"title":"Minimal Change Disease Associated with Malignant Epithelioid Mesothelioma: A Case Report","authors":"C. Skondra, C. Christodoulidou, T. Tegos, C. Vourlakou, A. Paikopoulou, K. Folinas, Styliani Plavoukou, Nikolina Stavrinou, K. Christofidis, C. Gakiopoulou, N. Alevizopoulos, M. Vaslamatzis","doi":"10.22158/RHS.V6N2P10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/RHS.V6N2P10","url":null,"abstract":"We report the case of a 64 year old male patient with a recent diagnose of pulmonary nodules with pleural thickening who was admitted to the nephrology department of our hospital for further evaluation of nephrotic syndrome (NS). Malignant epithelioid mesothelioma (MEM) was diagnosed after pleural biopsy while the renal biopsy showed minimal change disease (MCD) with acute tubular necrosis and interstitial lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. MCD is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children while it accounts for a smaller proportion of NS in adults. The underlying cause of MCD is unclear (Cameron, 1987). Evidence so far suggests that T-cell dysfunction results in the production of a circulating factor directly affecting the glomerular capillary wall with consequent foot process fusion. MCD as paraneoplastic syndrome is common in hematological disorder while the incidence in lung pulmonary malignancies is rare. Early recognition leads to an early diagnosis of malignancy improving the outcome and diminishing the associated co-morbidities.","PeriodicalId":74678,"journal":{"name":"Research in health science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82188703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cingulo-opercular and Cingulo-parietal Brain Networks Functional Connectivity in Pre-adolescents: Multiplicative Effects of Race, Ethnicity, and Parental Education.","authors":"Shervin Assari","doi":"10.22158/rhs.v6n2p76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/rhs.v6n2p76","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A growing body of research has shown a diminished association between socioeconomic status (SES) indicators and a wide range of neuroimaging indicators for racial and ethnic minorities compared to majority groups. However, less is known about these effects for resting-state functional connectivity between various brain networks.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated racial and ethnic variation in the correlation between parental education and resting-state functional connectivity between the cingulo-opercular (CO) and cingulo-parietal (CP) networks in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study; we analyzed the resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rsfMRI) data of 8,464 American pre-adolescents between the ages of 9 and 10. The main outcome measured was resting-state functional connectivity between the CO and CP networks calculated using rsfMRI. The independent variable was parental education, which was treated as a nominal variable. Age, sex, and family marital status were the study covariates. Race and ethnicity were the moderators. Mixed-effects regression models were used for data analysis, with and without interaction terms between parental education and race and ethnicity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher parental education was associated with higher resting-state functional connectivity between the CO and CP networks. Race and ethnicity both showed statistically significant interactions with parental education on children's resting-state functional connectivity between CO and CP networks, suggesting that the correlation between parental education and the resting-state functional connectivity was significantly weaker for Black and Hispanic pre-adolescents compared to White and non-Hispanic pre-adolescents.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In line with the Minorities' Diminished Returns theory, the association between parental education and pre-adolescents resting-state functional connectivity between CO and CP networks may be weaker in Black and Hispanic children than in White and non-Hispanic children. The weaker link between parental education and brain functional connectivity for Blacks and Hispanics than for Whites and non-Hispanics may reflect racism, racialization, and social stratification that collectively minimize the returns of SES indicators, such as parental education for non-Whites, who become others in the US.</p>","PeriodicalId":74678,"journal":{"name":"Research in health science","volume":"6 2","pages":"76-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39693688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahmoud M. Al Awaysheh, Sami Ali, B. M. Al-Awaysheh, T. M. Al-Awaysheh
{"title":"Discovering The True Accuracy of Ultrasonography in The Confirmation of Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis, a World-wide Dilemma","authors":"Mahmoud M. Al Awaysheh, Sami Ali, B. M. Al-Awaysheh, T. M. Al-Awaysheh","doi":"10.22158/rhs.v5n3p94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/rhs.v5n3p94","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acute appendicitis occurs in almost 10 % of western populations. The male-female ratio of approximately 2:1 gradually declines after age 25 years until the gender ratio is equal. Approximately 1% of total surgical procedures are appendectomies. Negative appendectomy rates are increasing and some of the factors that play a massive role in this include clinical evaluation that is not specific and absence of readily available techniques permitting direct visualization of the appendix. Because of this world-wide problem of increasing negative appendectomies, we need a method to confirm the diagnosis of true acute appendicitis.Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate and estimate the efficacy of ultrasound in the confirmation of diagnosis of acute appendicitis in clinically suspected cases of acute appendicitis and to compare ultrasound findings with surgical findings.Methods: This study included a total of 100 patients suspected to have acute appendicitis who were admitted to the department of surgery at Al-Karak teaching hospital, Mutah University, from January 2014- December 2015. Abdominal-pelvic sonography with focus on the right lower quadrant graded compression ultrasonography technique was used. The sonographic data was prospectively correlated with clinical operative and histopathological findings.Results: Graded compression ultrasonography results were analyzed and showed 92.7% sensitivity, 94.5% specificity, 93% accuracy, 94.4% positive predictive value, 92.5% negative predictive value.Conclusion: Ultrasonography has a higher degree of accuracy so it is a safe and a reliable method in the diagnosis of suspected cases of acute appendicitis. This can help minimize negative appendectomies, perforation rates, and medical expenses on patients. Therefore from the findings in our study, we may begin to put this world-wide issue to rest.","PeriodicalId":74678,"journal":{"name":"Research in health science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75200967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}