Research in health science最新文献

{"title":"Leaderships’ Role in Managing Crisis in the Lebanese Health Sector: An Assessment of Influencing Factors","authors":"Joumana A. Younis, H. Hejase, H. R. Dalal, A. Hejase, Soufyane Frimousse","doi":"10.22158/rhs.v7n3p54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/rhs.v7n3p54","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to assess the healthcare leadership’s role in crisis management, examine, and investigate the influencing factors. A quantitative analysis approach with a positivism philosophy is adopted. Primary data are collected using a structured questionnaire distributed to a sample of hospital employees in Lebanon. Data analysis used IBM SPSS version 25; whereby descriptive statistics (i.e., frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations) and inferential statistics (i.e., factor analysis, multivariable linear regression) were obtained. Results revealed that leaders’ traits and skills like proactivity and communication, gender, hospital location, organization’s culture, and stakeholders’ engagement influence the effectiveness of leaders’ decision-making in a crisis management context. Also, the results confirmed the alternative hypotheses that the explanatory factors have a direct and statistically significant relationship with leaders’ decision-making effectiveness. Outcomes of this research serve as an eye opener to policymakers, health care managers, and stakeholders that a fully integrated effort is a must to mitigate serious crisis consequences.","PeriodicalId":74678,"journal":{"name":"Research in health science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83120351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of COVID-19 Vaccination Websites Using DISCERN and Quality Evaluation Scoring (QUEST) Tools","authors":"Prabhune Akash Gajanan, M. Aishwarya, Bhat Sachin, Pandey Samridhi, Reddy Ashitha, Hari Vinay Sri","doi":"10.22158/rhs.v7n3p26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/rhs.v7n3p26","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The objective of this paper was to evaluate the COVID-19 vaccine registration website across UN-recognized member states for their portal quality, reliability, Ease Use and help to the general population in informed decision making.Methods: 12 UN member states (Countries) were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria mentioned in the methodology section of this paper. PPS technique was used for sampling and selection of 12 countries from 193 UN member states. Post selection of UN member states the study used 2 step evaluation techniques, Step 1 The DISCERN checklist consists of 16 questions in three sections and is aimed to assess the reliability of information and quality of information; Step 2 The QUEST tool consists of 6 items with a subitem, Authorship, Attribution, Conflict of Interest, Complementarity, Currency, Tone. The authors developed a standard set of instructions for evaluating Vaccination Portals to bring uniformity in understanding and context setting.Results: DISCERN tool overall reliability score on the Likert scale of 0 to 5 was 4 (SD ± 1.28). On Quality of information regarding treatment choices, the average score was 3.4 (SD ± 1.67). The QUEST tool on ease of use, concision, and comprehensiveness demonstrated an average score of 18.1 (SD ± 8.3) out of 28.The vaccine registration portal of the Czech Republic was found to be most informative and was able to provide a piece of scientifically valid information on safety, efficacy, long-term short effects, choice of vaccine with attributable authors details. India, Bangladesh, Nigeria, South Africa scored relatively low to missing critical information on the website. The United Arab Emirates, Republic of South Korea, Indonesia, Australia, and Argentina had minor elements missing.Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccination portals vary in the quality of information, and many were found unable to provide critical information for decision making on getting vaccinated.","PeriodicalId":74678,"journal":{"name":"Research in health science","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87059626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Occupational Stress among Secondary School Teachers in Public Schools in the District of Colombo, Sri Lanka","authors":"Wickramasinghe, Ep, Seneviratne, R DE A, Gunawardana, Ns, Sumathipala, A, Mallen, Cd","doi":"10.22158/rhs.v7n3p12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/rhs.v7n3p12","url":null,"abstract":"Teacher occupational stress is increasing globally. We aimed to determine the prevalence of occupational stress among secondary teachers, to advocate policies for prevention of occupational stress among teachers in Sri Lanka. A cross-sectional study included 1426 secondary teachers, selected using multistage cluster sampling from public schools of Colombo, Sri Lanka. Validated Teacher Stress Inventory-Sinhala (TSI-Sinhala) assessed occupational stress. Prevalence of high [15.9% (95% CI: 14.0%-17.8%)] and moderate [67.5% (95% CI: 65.1%-69.9%)] occupational stress among secondary teachers, resulted an overall high prevalence of 83.4% (95%CI: 81.4%-85.3%). Moderate occupational stress among female teachers (68.6%, 95% CI: 65.7-71.5%) was significantly higher than males (61.9%. 95% CI: 58.9-64.9%). Urgent attention to preventative interventions for occupational stress among teachers in Sri Lanka is recommended.","PeriodicalId":74678,"journal":{"name":"Research in health science","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85289102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Risks Associated With Workplace Health and Employee Wellness","authors":"R. Salama, T. Tadross, Tsabieh Tarik, Nihal A. Wadid","doi":"10.22158/rhs.v7n3p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/rhs.v7n3p1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Well-being at the workplace influences health and productivity and a negative work environment may lead to physical and mental health problems. Objectives: The current study aimed to measure the attitude and perception of the workforce towards work place environment and to identify key factors affecting workplace health and employee engagement and wellness. Methods: A survey study was conducted over a period of three months at Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Science University, United Arab Emirates. The Mental health America’s Workplace Mental Health Survey was used to collect data from a random sample of employees in the study settings. The objective of the study was adequately explained to participants and their informed consent was obtained with assured confidentiality. Results: The overall mean score of respondents satisfaction was 61.0 ± 8.1 SD. Employees responses towards workplace was significantly lower among full time university personnel than those at affiliated teaching hospitals (59.3±6.9 vs. 62,3±8.7, p=0.01). Work insecurity was the only item which was negatively correlated with the overall score (r= -0.72; p=0.02). The rate of absenteeism, Engaging in unhealthy behavior due to workplace stress and Speaking poorly about the workplace were strongly correlated with overall workplace health score (r=0.5;P=0.001). Support from colleagues and supervisor were correlated with overall job satisfaction (r=0.3 and r= 0.2; p=0.01 respectively). Conclusion: Respondents were generally happy with the state of their workplace. However, workplace perquisites such as open door policies, flexible time arrangement; opportunities for professional development promote more positive attitude and perceptions.","PeriodicalId":74678,"journal":{"name":"Research in health science","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90458678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception of Substance Use among In-School Adolescents and Key Informants in Gombe State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Mohammed, E. Envuladu, Maimuna Sulieman, E. Okoh, I. Raji, A. Rasaki, A. Girbo","doi":"10.22158/rhs.v7n2p24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/rhs.v7n2p24","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Substance use has gradually become a global problem resulting in negative effect on the physical, mental and social wellbeing of individuals. This study aimed to determine the perception of adolescents and key informants on substance and illicit drug use in order to control this menace.Methods: A cross-sectional study design employing qualitative method of data collection. Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were conducted. All data generated were collated and analysed using content analysis. Results: The key informants reported that peer influence, male sex and having broken homes were factors that were responsible for substance use. Adolescents also reported that easy access to these substances, the zeal to perform better in school, ability to have more fruitful relationships and ability to confront their parents were some of the reasons they engaged in substance use. Conclusion: This study has therefore implied that adolescents in school have easy access to and engage in substances despite being aware of the complications as it is mostly done to address their social needs.Recommendation: It is therefore recommended that periodic mental health screening should be conducted for adolescents with the support of their parents and guardians in line with school health services in order to identify and manage those with mental problems that could predispose them to use of substances.","PeriodicalId":74678,"journal":{"name":"Research in health science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83096059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicidal Behaviour among E-cigarette Users: A Systematic Review of Recent Evidence","authors":"Samia Amin, PhD, Ummay Salma Rahman, MPH, Ashish Joshi, PhD","doi":"10.22158/rhs.v7n2p14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/rhs.v7n2p14","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Prior evidence reported inconsistently that there is an association between e-cigarette use and suicidal behaviours. The aim of this study was to systematically review the recent literature that explored the association between e-cigarette use and suicidal behaviour such as ideation, planning and attempts. Methods: PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched to include studies between 2017 to 2021. Two reviewers screened all studies and narrative data synthesis was conducted. Results: This review analysed eight cross-sectional studies, which involved a total of 6,84,478 participants where only 4.9% were e-cigarette users (33,714 of 6,84,478). The suicidal ideation/thoughts, planning and attempts were measured among e-cigarette users based on diverse variables such as smoking status, gender, asthmatic, and depressive conditions. Suicidal ideation/thoughts, planning and attempts were higher among male, smoker, asthmatic, and depressive e-cigarette users than lifetime and never e-cigarette users. Conclusions: Public health researchers and policymaker should consider these variables as crucial factors to design any intervention or helpline services to prevent suicidal behaviour among e-cigarette users.","PeriodicalId":74678,"journal":{"name":"Research in health science","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87142177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substance Abuse and Associated Factors among Female Students in Jigjiga University, Eastern Ethiopia","authors":"A. Ahmed, Mohammednur Abdo Komicha","doi":"10.22158/rhs.v7n2p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/rhs.v7n2p1","url":null,"abstract":"The use of drugs such as alcohol, khat, and tobacco has become one of the increasingly serious public health and socioeconomic concerns globally. Young people at higher learning institutions are a particularly susceptible demographic in terms of drug usage. In fact, the problem is considered to be on the rise, and has become a cause of concern for different parties. However, there is a little evidence on the extent of drug misuse and related variables among University students in, Ethiopia which compelled this study to be undertaken. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of drug use and related variables among female students in Jigjiga University. Institution based cross sectional research design was conducted. Multi stage sampling approach was utilized. List of all female students from the designated departments were the sampling frame. Data were obtained using self-given questionnaire by six data collecting facilitators. The obtained data loaded into Epi Data version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was done to discover variables linked with the drug usage. Lifetime drug usage was determined to be 48.7 percent. However, the most often used substances were alcohol (44.7 percent) khat (12.5 percent ), cigarettes (7.7 percent ), and other illegal drugs (6.4 percent ). Lifetime substance use was positively associated with off campus residence [(AOR= 1.702, 95 percent CI: (2.763, 3.798)], having boyfriend [(AOR= 2.299, 95 percent CI: (1.063, 4.970))], sexually violated [(AOR= 7.525, 95 percent CI: (3.316, 17.077))], and witness parental violence during childhood [(AOR=2.690, 95 percent CI: (1.318, 5.487)]. Significant number of students abuse drug with some proportion of Students’ abuse khat, alcohol and cigarette together. Having boyfriend, been sexually assaulted, witness parental violence throughout childhood and off campus residence are highly connected with substance misuse. From this it can be also established that drug use habit is quite knotty which need a counteractive activity to take the edge off its destructiveness. In order to make it true all stakeholders should attempt to take their roles across all level of intervention.","PeriodicalId":74678,"journal":{"name":"Research in health science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87104837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mother and Daughter Obesity Intervention: A Case Study","authors":"Karly S. Geller","doi":"10.22158/rhs.v7n1p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/rhs.v7n1p1","url":null,"abstract":"Healthy weight loss is a growing concern in an increasingly sedentary world. This study explored the effectiveness of the implementation of physical activity changes in the lives of three overweight mother daughter pairs from a rural area in Virginia. The intervention was over a six-week period. The physical activity intervention focused on the promotion of safe walking and fitness.","PeriodicalId":74678,"journal":{"name":"Research in health science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79820399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racism-Related Diminished Returns of Socioeconomic Status on Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development","authors":"Shanika Boyce, Mona Darvishi, Roghayeh Marandi, Roxana Rahmanian, Sumreen Akhtar, J. Patterson, S. Assari","doi":"10.22158/rhs.v6n4p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/rhs.v6n4p1","url":null,"abstract":"Socioeconomic status (SES) influences health, behaviors, and well-being. Emerging information suggests that SES effects on health may be in part be due to SES effects on brain development. We have conducted a mini review of U.S.-based studies examining SES effects on brain development to synthesize the existing knowledge on what brain structures and functions show large and consistent SES influences. We have reviewed SES effects on performance in various cognitive functions such as learning, memory, and language. Additionally, we have reviewed the emerging literature from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study on the effects of social marginalization in reducing the effects of SES on children and youth brain development. These diminished returns of SES in minoritized youth are not due to genetics; rather, we argue that they stem from systemic and structural racism, social stratification, and marginalization that generate inequalities across the SES spectrum. As a result of these diminished returns, inequalities expand from low-SES to mid- and high SES sections of US society.","PeriodicalId":74678,"journal":{"name":"Research in health science","volume":"194 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79788440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family's Subjective Economic Status and Children's Matrix Reasoning: Blacks' Diminished Returns.","authors":"Shervin Assari, Shanika Boyce","doi":"10.22158/rhs.v6n1p1","DOIUrl":"10.22158/rhs.v6n1p1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to a pattern known as Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs), historically oppressed non-Hispanic Black Americans show weaker effects of economic status on health and development, when compared to socially privileged non-Hispanic White Americans. Such MDRs are also documented for the effects of economic status on the school performance of non-Hispanic Black children. However, the existing knowledge is minimal on similar diminished returns on children's intelligence.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare racial and ethnic groups for the effect of subjective economic status on children's cognitive performance, we compared non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black children for the effects of subjective economic status on children's matrix reasoning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 7898 children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. The predictor variable was subjective economic status, which was treated as a continuous measure. The primary outcome was children's matrix reasoning, a domain of cognitive performance, measured by the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children-IV (WISC-V) matrix reasoning total score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, high subjective economic status was associated with higher matrix reasoning score. Race showed a statistically significant interaction with subjective economic status on children's matrix reasoning score. This interaction suggested that high subjective economic status has a smaller boosting effect on increasing matrix reasoning score for non-Hispanic Black children relative to non-Hispanic White children.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The degree by which subjective economic status correlates with matrix reasoning score, an important domain of cognitive performance, depends on race and racialization. Non-Hispanic Black children may show weaker gains in matrix reasoning from their subjective economic status than their non-Hispanic White counterparts. To minimize the racial gap in cognitive performance, we need to address diminished returns that occur as a result of the racialization of racial and ethnic minority children. Not only should we equalize economic status, but also increase the marginal returns of economic status for racial minorities, particularly non-Hispanic Black families. Such efforts require public policies that go beyond access and also consider how we can empower non-Hispanic Black communities and families so they can more effectively leverage and utilize their economic resources to secure measurable and tangible outcomes. Structural and societal barriers such as residential and school segregation may hinder non-Hispanic Black children from receiving the full effects of their family-level economic status on a variety of outcomes, including their cognitive performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":74678,"journal":{"name":"Research in health science","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9554995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}