Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)最新文献

{"title":"Non-topological solitons and quasi-solitons.","authors":"Shuang-Yong Zhou","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adc69e","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6633/adc69e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Solitons in relativistic field theories are not necessarily topologically charged. In particular, non-topological solitons-known as Q-balls-arise naturally in nonlinear field theories endowed with attractive interactions and internal symmetries. Even without stabilizing internal symmetries, quasi-solitons known as oscillons, which are long-lived, can also exist. Both Q-balls and oscillons have significant applications in cosmology and particle physics. This review is an updated account of the intriguing properties and dynamics of these non-topological solitons and quasi-solitons, as well as their important roles in early-Universe scenarios and particle physics models.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dark matter search with a resonantly-coupled hybrid spin system.","authors":"Kai Wei, Zitong Xu, Yuxuan He, Xiaolin Ma, Xing Heng, Xiaofei Huang, Wei Quan, Wei Ji, Jia Liu, Xiao-Ping Wang, Dmitry Budker, Jiancheng Fang","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adca52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/adca52","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advances in tabletop quantum sensor technology have enabled searches for nongravitational interactions of dark matter (DM). Traditional axion DM experiments rely on sharp resonance, resulting in extensive scanning time to cover a wide mass range. In this work, we present a broadband approach in an alkali-${}^{21}$Ne spin system. We identify two distinct hybrid spin-coupled regimes: a self-compensation (SC) regime at low frequencies and a hybrid spin resonance (HSR) regime at higher frequencies. By utilizing these two distinct regimes, we significantly enhance the bandwidth of ${}^{21}$Ne nuclear spin compared to conventional nuclear magnetic resonance, while maintaining competitive sensitivity. We present a comprehensive broadband search for axion-like dark matter, covering 5 orders of magnitude of Compton frequencies range within $[10^{-2}, , 10^3]$,Hz. We set new constraints on the axion dark matter interactions with neutrons and protons, accounting for the effects of DM stochasticity. For the axion-neutron coupling, our results reach a low value of $|g_{ann}|le 3times 10^{-10}$ in the frequency range $[2times 10^{-2}, , 4]$,Hz surpassing astrophysical limits and providing the strongest laboratory constraints in the $[10, , 100]$,Hz range. For the axion-proton coupling, we offer the best terrestrial constraints for the frequency ranges $[2times 10^{-2}, , 5]$,Hz and $[16, , 7times 10^{2}]$,Hz.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gravitational wave astronomy with TianQin.","authors":"En-Kun Li, Shuai Liu, Alejandro Torres-Orjuela, Xian Chen, Kohei Inayoshi, Long Wang, Yiming Hu, Pau Amaro Seoane, Abbas Askar, Cosimo Bambi, Pedro Capelo, Hong-Yu Chen, Alvin Jing Kang Chua, Enrique Condes Brena, Lixin Dai, Debtroy Das, Andrea Derdzinski, Hui-Min Fan, Michiko Fujii, Jie Gao, Mudit Garg, Hongwei Ge, Mirek Giersz, Shun-Jia Huang, Arkadiusz Hypki, Zheng-Cheng Liang, Bin Liu, Dongdong Liu, MiaoXin Liu, Yunqi Liu, Lucio Mayer, Nicola Napolitano, Peng Peng, Yong Shao, Swarnim Shashank, Rong-Feng Shen, Hiromichi Tagawa, Ataru Tanikawa, Martina Toscani, Veronica Vazquez-Aceves, Hai-Tian Wang, Han Wang, Shu-Xu Yi, Jian-Dong Zhang, Xue-Ting Zhang, Lianggui Zhu, Lorenz Zwick, Song Huang, Jianwei Mei, Yan Wang, Yi Xie, Jiajun Zhang, Jun Luo","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adc9be","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/adc9be","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The opening of the gravitational wave window has significantly enhanced our capacity to explore the universe's most extreme and dynamic sector. In the mHz frequency range, a diverse range of compact objects, from the most massive black holes at the farthest reaches of the Universe to the lightest white dwarfs in our cosmic backyard, generate a complex and dynamic symphony of gravitational wave signals. Once recorded by gravitational wave detectors, these unique fingerprints have the potential to decipher the birth and growth of cosmic structures over a wide range of scales, from stellar binaries and stellar clusters to galaxies and large-scale structures. The TianQin space-borne gravitational wave mission is scheduled for launch in the 2030s, with an operational lifespan of five years. It will facilitate pivotal insights into the history of our universe. This document presents a concise overview of the detectable sources of TianQin, outlining their characteristics, the challenges they present, and the expected impact of the TianQin observatory on our understanding of them. &#xD.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-dimensional material/group-III nitride hetero-structures and devices.","authors":"Tingting Lin, Yi Zeng, Xinyu Liao, Jing Li, Changjian Zhou, Wenliang Wang","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adb6bc","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6633/adb6bc","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two-dimensional (2D) material (graphene, MoS₂, WSe₂, MXene,<i>etc</i>)/group-III nitride (GaN, AlN, and their compounds) hetero-structures have been given special attention, on account of their prospective applications in remarkable performance broadband photodetectors, light-emitting diodes, solar cells, memristors, hydrogen sensors,<i>etc</i>. The utilization of advantages of the above two kind materials provides a solution to the dilemma of the degradation of device performance and reliability caused by carrier mobility, contact resistance, lattice mismatch, interface, and other factors. Therefore, the summary of the recent progress of 2D material/group-III nitride hetero-structures is urgent. In this work, it elaborates on interface interaction and stimulation, growth mechanism and device physic of 2D material/group-III nitride hetero-structures. Initially, it investigates the properties of the hetero-structures, combining the theoretical calculations on interface interaction of the heterojunction with experimental study, particularly emphasizing on interface effects on the performance of hetero-materials. The structure modification (band alignments, band edge position, synergetic work function and so on) at interface contributes to the outstanding properties of these hetero-structures. Subsequently, the growth of 2D material/group-III nitride hetero-structures is introduced in detail. The problems solved by the advancing synthesis strategies and the corresponding formation mechanisms are discussed in particular. Afterwards, based on the 2D material/group-III nitride hetero-structures, extending from optoelectronics, electronics, to photocatalyst and sensors,<i>etc</i>, are reviewed. Finally, the prospect of 2D material/group-III nitride hetero-structures is speculated to pave the way for further promotion.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of the Fraction of Four-Coordinated Boron in Binary Borate Glasses.","authors":"Oliver L G Alderman, Nagia S Tagiara, Ian T Slagle, Rebecca Gabrielsson, Piper Boggs, Molly Wagner, Aaron Rossini, Steve W Martin, Sophia John, Leilani Rocha, Robert M Wilson, Harry Hawbaker, Alex C Hannon, Efstratios I I Kamitsos, Steve Feller","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adc69c","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6633/adc69c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In borate materials, boron is found predominantly in either trigonal planar, or tetrahedral coordination states with oxygen, which are the two most ubiquitous building blocks of borate glasses. The fraction of tetrahedral boron, N4, is found to vary considerably with both glass composition and applied pressure, as well as with fictive temperature - a result of its underlying dependence on temperature in the molten and supercooled liquid states. As such, the parameter N4 is of fundamental structural importance, along with the mechanisms driving its evolution and its strong influence on thermophysical material properties. N4 in glasses has been experimentally determined using a variety of means including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, vibrational spectroscopy, and x-ray and neutron diffraction. In this review, we discuss how the techniques for the measurement of N4 have evolved and improved since the pioneering x-ray diffraction measurements of the 1930s, up to the present day. A database is compiled of the available high-quality numerical experimental data for N4, with a non-exclusive focus on binary borate glasses of the form M2Oz-B2O3 where M is a metal cation of formal charge z+, other than boron. In addition, we report new N4 values for a series of strontium borate glasses, measured by 11B magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR, where a disparity in the literature is found. Based on the findings of the review, we are able to point to the gaps in our knowledge where future resources could best be focused, as well as summarizing overarching trends, the present state-of-the-art, and making recommendations for best practices.&#xD.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fundamental concepts, design rules and potentials in radiative cooling.","authors":"Zhuning Wang, Sijie Pian, Yulei Zhang, Yaoguang Ma","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adc69d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/adc69d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amidst the escalating environmental concerns driven by global warming and the detrimental impacts of extreme climates, energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions associated with refrigeration have reached unprecedented levels. Radiative cooling, as an emerging renewable cooling technology, has been positioned as a pivotal strategy in the fight against global warming. This review examines the theoretical model of radiative cooling emitters and complex practical environment. We first investigate the thermodynamic interactions between environmental factors and the cooling surface, followed by an examination of innovative modulation techniques such as asymmetric/non-reciprocal radiative heat transfer mechanisms. Additionally, we summarize the latest advancements in structural design and simulation methodologies for radiative cooling materials at the device level. We then delve into potential applications of radiative cooling materials in various scenarios including energy-efficient construction, personal thermal management, photovoltaic cooling, and dynamic PDRC materials with seasonal adaptability. In conclusion, we provide a comprehensive overview of this technology's strengths and current challenges to inspire further research and application development in radiative cooling technology with a focus on contributing towards energy conservation objectives and promoting a sustainable society.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent progress on quantum simulations of non-standard Bose-Hubbard models.","authors":"Titas Chanda, Luca Barbiero, Maciej Lewenstein, Manfred J Mark, Jakub Zakrzewski","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adc3a7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/adc3a7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the systems comprising of bosonic atoms confined to optical lattices at ultra-cold temperatures have demonstrated tremendous potential to unveil novel quantum mechanical effects appearing in lattice boson models with various kinds of interactions. In this progress report, we aim to provide an exposition to recent advancements in quantum simulations of such systems, modeled by different `non-standard' Bose-Hubbard models, focusing primarily on long-range systems with dipole-dipole or cavity-mediated interactions.&#xD;Through a carefully curated selection of topics, which includes the emergence of quantum criticality beyond Landau paradigm, bond-order wave insulators, the role of interaction-induced tunneling, the influence of transverse confinement on observed phases, or the effect of cavity-mediated all-to-all interactions, we report both theoretical and experimental developments from the last few years. Additionally, we discuss the real-time evolution of systems with long-range interactions, where sufficiently strong interactions render the dynamics non-ergodic. Finally, to cap our discussions off, we survey recent experimental achievements in this rapidly evolving field, underscoring its interdisciplinary significance and potential for groundbreaking discoveries.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mechanism for quantum-critical Planckian metal phase in high-temperature cuprate superconductors.","authors":"Yung-Yeh Chang, Khoe Van Nguyen, Kimberly Remund, Chung-Hou Chung","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adc330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/adc330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mysterious metallic phase showing T-linear resistivity and a universal scattering rate 1/τ = α_Pk_BT/ℏ with a universal prefactor α_P∼ 1 and logarithmic-in-temperature singular specific heat coefficient, so-called \"Planckian metal phase\" was observed in various overdoped high-Tc cuprate superconductors over a finite range in doping. Revealing the mystery of the Planckian metal state is believed to be the key to understanding the mechanism for high-Tc superconductivity. Here, we propose a generic microscopic mechanism for this state based on quantum-critical local bosonic charge Kondo fluctuations coupled to both spinon and a heavy conduction-electron Fermi surfaces within the heavy-fermion formulation of the slave-boson t-J model. By a controlled perturbative renormalization group analysis, we examine the competition between the pseudogap phase, characterized by Anderson's Resonating-Valence-Bond spin-liquid, and the Fermi-liquid state, modeled by the electron hopping (effective charge Kondo effect). We find a quantum-critical metallic phase with a universal Planckian ℏω/kBT scaling in scattering rate near an extended localizeddelocalized (pseudogap-to-Fermi liquid) charge-Kondo breakdown transition. The d-wave superconducting ground state emerges near the transition. Unprecedented qualitative and quantitative agreements are reached between our theoretical predictions and various experiments, including optical conductivity, universal doping-independent field-to-temperature scaling in magnetoresistance, specific heat coefficient, marginal Fermi-liquid spectral function observed in ARPES, and Fermi surface reconstruction observed in Hall coefficients in various overdoped cuprates. Our mechanism offers a microscopic understanding of the quantum-critical Planckian metal phase observed in cuprates and its link to the pseudogap, d-wave superconducting, and Fermi liquid phases. It offers a promising route for understanding how d-wave superconductivity emerges from such a strange metal phase in cuprates-one of the long-standing open problems in condensed matter physics since 1990s-as well as shows a broader implication for the Planckian strange metal states observed in other correlated unconventional superconductors.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perturbative framework for engineering arbitrary Floquet Hamiltonian.","authors":"Yingdan Xu, Lingzhen Guo","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adb072","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6633/adb072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We develop a systematic perturbative framework to engineer an arbitrary target Hamiltonian in the Floquet phase space of a periodically driven oscillator based on Floquet-Magnus expansion. The high-order errors in the engineered Floquet Hamiltonian are mitigated by adding high-order driving potentials perturbatively. We introduce a transformation method that allows us to obtain an analytical expression of the leading-order correction drive for engineering a target Hamiltonian with discrete rotational and chiral symmetries in phase space. We also provide a numerically efficient procedure to calculate high-order correction drives and apply it to engineer the target Hamiltonian with degenerate eigenstates of multi-component cat states that are important for fault-tolerant hardware-efficiency bosonic quantum computation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquid-liquid crystalline phase separation of filamentous colloids and semiflexible polymers: experiments, theory and simulations.","authors":"Hamed Almohammadi, Sayyed Ahmad Khadem, Paride Azzari, Ye Yuan, André Guerra, Alejandro D Rey, Raffaele Mezzenga","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adb441","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6633/adb441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liquid-liquid crystalline phase separation (LLCPS) is the process by which an initially homogenous single-phase solution composed of a solvent-most frequently water- and a solute-typically rigid or semiflexible macromolecules, polymers, supramolecular aggregates, or filamentous colloids-demixes into two (or more) distinct phases in which one phase is depleted by the solute and features properties of isotropic solutions, whereas the other is enriched by the solute and exhibits liquid crystalline anisotropic properties. Differently from the more common liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of flexible macromolecules, which is a trade-off between entropy and enthalpy, LLCPS is mostly an entropy-controlled process in which the morphology, composition and properties of the new phases depend primarily on kinetics and thermodynamic factors and, unexpectedly, on the history followed to reach a specific point in the phase diagram. This review aims to comprehensively discuss the process of LLCPS from experimental, theoretical, and simulation standpoints. We discuss the main systems and experimental approaches followed over the past decades to induce and control LLCPS, then we delve into the main theoretical and modeling approaches available to rationalize this process, and finally, we expand on how numerical simulations can significantly enrich the understanding of LLCPS. A final section touches on possible applications and the significance of LLCPS beyond pure physics, that is, in the broader context of biology, nanotechnology, and everyday life.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}