Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)最新文献

{"title":"An implementation of neural simulation-based inference for parameter estimation in ATLAS.","authors":"","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/add370","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6633/add370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neural simulation-based inference (NSBI) is a powerful class of machine-learning-based methods for statistical inference that naturally handles high-dimensional parameter estimation without the need to bin data into low-dimensional summary histograms. Such methods are promising for a range of measurements, including at the Large Hadron Collider, where no single observable may be optimal to scan over the entire theoretical phase space under consideration, or where binning data into histograms could result in a loss of sensitivity. This work develops a NSBI framework for statistical inference, using neural networks to estimate probability density ratios, which enables the application to a full-scale analysis. It incorporates a large number of systematic uncertainties, quantifies the uncertainty due to the finite number of events in training samples, develops a method to construct confidence intervals, and demonstrates a series of intermediate diagnostic checks that can be performed to validate the robustness of the method. As an example, the power and feasibility of the method are assessed on simulated data for a simplified version of an off-shell Higgs boson couplings measurement in the four-lepton final states. This approach represents an extension to the standard statistical methodology used by the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider, and can benefit many physics analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gravitational wave astronomy with TianQin.","authors":"En-Kun Li, Shuai Liu, Alejandro Torres-Orjuela, Xian Chen, Kohei Inayoshi, Long Wang, Yi-Ming Hu, Pau Amaro-Seoane, Abbas Askar, Cosimo Bambi, Pedro R Capelo, Hong-Yu Chen, Alvin J K Chua, Enrique Condés-Breña, Lixin Dai, Debtroy Das, Andrea Derdzinski, Hui-Min Fan, Michiko Fujii, Jie Gao, Mudit Garg, Hongwei Ge, Mirek Giersz, Shun-Jia Huang, Arkadiusz Hypki, Zheng-Cheng Liang, Bin Liu, Dongdong Liu, Miaoxin Liu, Yunqi Liu, Lucio Mayer, Nicola R Napolitano, Peng Peng, Yong Shao, Swarnim Shashank, Rongfeng Shen, Hiromichi Tagawa, Ataru Tanikawa, Martina Toscani, Verónica Vázquez-Aceves, Hai-Tian Wang, Han Wang, Shu-Xu Yi, Jian-Dong Zhang, Xue-Ting Zhang, Lianggui Zhu, Lorenz Zwick, Song Huang, Jianwei Mei, Yan Wang, Yi Xie, Jiajun Zhang, Jun Luo","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adc9be","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6633/adc9be","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The opening of the gravitational wave window has significantly enhanced our capacity to explore the Universe's most extreme and dynamic sector. In the mHz frequency range, a diverse range of compact objects, from the most massive black holes at the farthest reaches of the Universe to the lightest white dwarfs in our cosmic backyard, generate a complex and dynamic symphony of gravitational wave signals. Once recorded by gravitational wave detectors, these unique fingerprints have the potential to decipher the birth and growth of cosmic structures over a wide range of scales, from stellar binaries and stellar clusters to galaxies and large-scale structures. The TianQin space-borne gravitational wave mission is scheduled for launch in the 2030s, with an operational lifespan of five years. It will facilitate pivotal insights into the history of our Universe. This document presents a concise overview of the detectable sources of TianQin, outlining their characteristics, the challenges they present, and the expected impact of the TianQin observatory on our understanding of them.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dark matter search with a resonantly-coupled hybrid spin system.","authors":"Kai Wei, Zitong Xu, Yuxuan He, Xiaolin Ma, Xing Heng, Xiaofei Huang, Wei Quan, Wei Ji, Jia Liu, Xiao-Ping Wang, Dmitry Budker, Jiancheng Fang","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adca52","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6633/adca52","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advances in tabletop quantum sensor technology have enabled searches for nongravitational interactions of dark matter (DM). Traditional axion DM experiments rely on sharp resonance, resulting in extensive scanning time to cover a wide mass range. In this work, we present a broadband approach in an alkali- 21Ne spin system. We identify two distinct hybrid spin-coupled regimes: a self-compensation regime at low frequencies and a hybrid spin resonance regime at higher frequencies. By utilizing these two distinct regimes, we significantly enhance the bandwidth of 21Ne nuclear spin compared to conventional nuclear magnetic resonance, while maintaining competitive sensitivity. We present a comprehensive broadband search for axion-like DM, covering 5 orders of magnitude of Compton frequencies range within[10-2,103] Hz. We set new constraints on the axion DM interactions with neutrons and protons, accounting for the effects of DM stochasticity. For the axion-neutron coupling, our results reach a low value of|gann|⩽3×10-10in the frequency range[2×10-2,4] Hz surpassing astrophysical limits and providing the strongest laboratory constraints in the[10,100] Hz range. For the axion-proton coupling, we offer the best terrestrial constraints for the frequency ranges[2×10-2,5] Hz and[16,7×102] Hz.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of off-shell Higgs boson production in the H^*→ZZ→ 4l decay channel using a neural simulation-based inference technique in 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector.","authors":"Atlas Collaboration","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adcd9a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/adcd9a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A measurement of off-shell Higgs boson production in the H^*→ZZ→ 4l decay channel is presented. The measurement uses 140 fb^-1of proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider and supersedes the previous result in this decay channel using the same dataset. The data analysis is performed using a neural simulation-based inference method, which builds per-event likelihood ratios using neural networks. The observed (expected) off-shell Higgs boson production signal strength in the ZZ→4l decay channel at 68% CL is 0.87^+0.75_-0.54(1.00^+1.04_-0.95). The evidence for off-shell Higgs boson production using the ZZ→4l decay channel has an observed (expected) significance of 2.5σ (1.3σ). The expected result represents a significant improvement relative to that of the previous analysis of the same dataset, which obtained an expected significance of 0.5σ. When combined with the most recent ATLAS measurement in the ZZ→2l2ν decay channel, the evidence for off-shell Higgs boson production has an observed (expected) significance of 3.7σ (2.4σ). The off-shell measurements are combined with the measurement of on-shell Higgs boson production to obtain constraints on the Higgs boson total width. The observed (expected) value of the Higgs boson width at 68% CL is 4.3^+2.7_-1.9(4.1^+3.5_-3.4) MeV.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent progress on quantum simulations of non-standard Bose-Hubbard models.","authors":"Titas Chanda, Luca Barbiero, Maciej Lewenstein, Manfred J Mark, Jakub Zakrzewski","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adc3a7","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6633/adc3a7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the systems comprising of bosonic atoms confined to optical lattices at ultra-cold temperatures have demonstrated tremendous potential to unveil novel quantum mechanical effects appearing in lattice boson models with various kinds of interactions. In this progress report, we aim to provide an exposition to recent advancements in quantum simulations of such systems, modeled by different 'non-standard' Bose-Hubbard models, focusing primarily on long-range systems with dipole-dipole or cavity-mediated interactions. Through a carefully curated selection of topics, which includes the emergence of quantum criticality beyond Landau paradigm, bond-order wave insulators, the role of interaction-induced tunneling, the influence of transverse confinement on observed phases, or the effect of cavity-mediated all-to-all interactions, we report both theoretical and experimental developments from the last few years. Additionally, we discuss the real-time evolution of systems with long-range interactions, where sufficiently strong interactions render the dynamics non-ergodic. And finally to cap our discussions off, we survey recent experimental achievements in this rapidly evolving field, underscoring its interdisciplinary significance and potential for groundbreaking discoveries.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mechanism for quantum-critical Planckian metal phase in high-temperature cuprate superconductors.","authors":"Yung-Yeh Chang, Khoe Van Nguyen, Kim Remund, Chung-Hou Chung","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adc330","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6633/adc330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mysterious metallic phase showing<i>T</i>-linear resistivity and a universal scattering rate1/τ=αPkBT/ℏwith a universal prefactorαP∼1and logarithmic-in-temperature singular specific heat coefficient, the so-called 'Planckian metal phase' was observed in various overdoped high-Tccuprate superconductors over a finite range in doping. Revealing the mystery of the Planckian metal state is believed to be the key to understanding the mechanism for high-Tcsuperconductivity. Here, we propose a generic microscopic mechanism for this state based on quantum-critical local bosonic charge Kondo fluctuations coupled to both spinon and a heavy conduction-electron Fermi surface within the heavy-fermion formulation of the slave-boson<i>t</i>-<i>J</i>model. By a controlled perturbative renormalization group analysis, we examine the competition between the pseudogap phase, characterized by Anderson's Resonating-Valence-Bond spin-liquid, and the Fermi-liquid state, modeled by the electron hopping (effective charge Kondo effect). We find a quantum-critical metallic phase with a universal Planckianℏω/kBTscaling in scattering rate near an extended localized-delocalized (pseudogap-to-Fermi liquid) charge-Kondo breakdown transition. The<i>d</i>-wave superconducting ground state emerges near the transition. Unprecedented qualitative and quantitative agreements are reached between our theoretical predictions and various experiments, including optical conductivity, universal doping-independent field-to-temperature scaling in magnetoresistance, specific heat coefficient, marginal Fermi-liquid spectral function observed in ARPES, and Fermi surface reconstruction observed in Hall coefficients in various overdoped cuprates. Our mechanism offers a microscopic understanding of the quantum-critical Planckian metal phase observed in cuprates and its link to the pseudogap,<i>d</i>-wave superconducting, and Fermi liquid phases. It offers a promising route for understanding how<i>d</i>-wave superconductivity emerges from such a strange metal phase in cuprates-one of the long-standing open problems in condensed matter physics since 1990s-as well as shows a broader implication for the Planckian strange metal states observed in other correlated unconventional superconductors.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-topological solitons and quasi-solitons.","authors":"Shuang-Yong Zhou","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adc69e","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6633/adc69e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Solitons in relativistic field theories are not necessarily topologically charged. In particular, non-topological solitons-known as Q-balls-arise naturally in nonlinear field theories endowed with attractive interactions and internal symmetries. Even without stabilizing internal symmetries, quasi-solitons known as oscillons, which are long-lived, can also exist. Both Q-balls and oscillons have significant applications in cosmology and particle physics. This review is an updated account of the intriguing properties and dynamics of these non-topological solitons and quasi-solitons, as well as their important roles in early-Universe scenarios and particle physics models.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-dimensional material/group-III nitride hetero-structures and devices.","authors":"Tingting Lin, Yi Zeng, Xinyu Liao, Jing Li, Changjian Zhou, Wenliang Wang","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adb6bc","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6633/adb6bc","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two-dimensional (2D) material (graphene, MoS₂, WSe₂, MXene,<i>etc</i>)/group-III nitride (GaN, AlN, and their compounds) hetero-structures have been given special attention, on account of their prospective applications in remarkable performance broadband photodetectors, light-emitting diodes, solar cells, memristors, hydrogen sensors,<i>etc</i>. The utilization of advantages of the above two kind materials provides a solution to the dilemma of the degradation of device performance and reliability caused by carrier mobility, contact resistance, lattice mismatch, interface, and other factors. Therefore, the summary of the recent progress of 2D material/group-III nitride hetero-structures is urgent. In this work, it elaborates on interface interaction and stimulation, growth mechanism and device physic of 2D material/group-III nitride hetero-structures. Initially, it investigates the properties of the hetero-structures, combining the theoretical calculations on interface interaction of the heterojunction with experimental study, particularly emphasizing on interface effects on the performance of hetero-materials. The structure modification (band alignments, band edge position, synergetic work function and so on) at interface contributes to the outstanding properties of these hetero-structures. Subsequently, the growth of 2D material/group-III nitride hetero-structures is introduced in detail. The problems solved by the advancing synthesis strategies and the corresponding formation mechanisms are discussed in particular. Afterwards, based on the 2D material/group-III nitride hetero-structures, extending from optoelectronics, electronics, to photocatalyst and sensors,<i>etc</i>, are reviewed. Finally, the prospect of 2D material/group-III nitride hetero-structures is speculated to pave the way for further promotion.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of the Fraction of Four-Coordinated Boron in Binary Borate Glasses.","authors":"Oliver L G Alderman, Nagia S Tagiara, Ian T Slagle, Rebecca Gabrielsson, Piper Boggs, Molly Wagner, Aaron Rossini, Steve W Martin, Sophia John, Leilani Rocha, Robert M Wilson, Harry Hawbaker, Alex C Hannon, Efstratios I I Kamitsos, Steve Feller","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adc69c","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6633/adc69c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In borate materials, boron is found predominantly in either trigonal planar, or tetrahedral coordination states with oxygen, which are the two most ubiquitous building blocks of borate glasses. The fraction of tetrahedral boron, N4, is found to vary considerably with both glass composition and applied pressure, as well as with fictive temperature - a result of its underlying dependence on temperature in the molten and supercooled liquid states. As such, the parameter N4 is of fundamental structural importance, along with the mechanisms driving its evolution and its strong influence on thermophysical material properties. N4 in glasses has been experimentally determined using a variety of means including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, vibrational spectroscopy, and x-ray and neutron diffraction. In this review, we discuss how the techniques for the measurement of N4 have evolved and improved since the pioneering x-ray diffraction measurements of the 1930s, up to the present day. A database is compiled of the available high-quality numerical experimental data for N4, with a non-exclusive focus on binary borate glasses of the form M2Oz-B2O3 where M is a metal cation of formal charge z+, other than boron. In addition, we report new N4 values for a series of strontium borate glasses, measured by 11B magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR, where a disparity in the literature is found. Based on the findings of the review, we are able to point to the gaps in our knowledge where future resources could best be focused, as well as summarizing overarching trends, the present state-of-the-art, and making recommendations for best practices.&#xD.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fundamental concepts, design rules and potentials in radiative cooling.","authors":"Zhuning Wang, Sijie Pian, Yulei Zhang, Yaoguang Ma","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/adc69d","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6633/adc69d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amidst the escalating environmental concerns driven by global warming and the detrimental impacts of extreme climates, energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions associated with refrigeration have reached unprecedented levels. Radiative cooling, as an emerging renewable cooling technology, has been positioned as a pivotal strategy in the fight against global warming. This review examines the theoretical model of radiative cooling emitters and complex practical environment. We first investigate the thermodynamic interactions between environmental factors and the cooling surface, followed by an examination of innovative modulation techniques such as asymmetric/non-reciprocal radiative heat transfer mechanisms. Additionally, we summarize the latest advancements in structural design and simulation methodologies for radiative cooling materials at the device level. We then delve into potential applications of radiative cooling materials in various scenarios including energy-efficient construction, personal thermal management, photovoltaic cooling, and dynamic PDRC materials with seasonal adaptability. In conclusion, we provide a comprehensive overview of this technology's strengths and current challenges to inspire further research and application development in radiative cooling technology with a focus on contributing towards energy conservation objectives and promoting a sustainable society.</p>","PeriodicalId":74666,"journal":{"name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}