Aerospace medicine and human performance最新文献

{"title":"AsMA's New Executive Director and Preparations for our 2025 AsMA/UHMS Atlanta Meeting.","authors":"Robert Orford","doi":"10.3357/AMHP.PP9602.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3357/AMHP.PP9602.2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7463,"journal":{"name":"Aerospace medicine and human performance","volume":"96 2","pages":"83-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive Inert Gas Exchange Model for Improved Hypobaric Decompression Sickness Risk Estimation.","authors":"Sven De Ridder, Xavier Neyt, Peter Germonpré","doi":"10.3357/AMHP.6554.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3357/AMHP.6554.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Future high-altitude military operations and spaceflight will require new procedures to protect crews from decompression sickness while limiting the operational impact. It is hypothesized that the current prediction models do not accurately reflect actual inert gas dynamics, making them unsuitable for the risk estimation of new hypobaric exposure profiles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A biophysical gas exchange model was created, allowing modification of various physiological parameters. Predicted nitrogen (N2) volume flows were compared with an experimental study by the Swedish Aerospace Physiology Centre. Bubble growth predictions, made using the Tissue Bubble Dynamics Model, were compared with measured venous gas emboli (VGE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While the simulated washout curves captured the general trends, some important discrepancies were observed when using the nominal model parameters. The new biophysical gas exchange model, incorporating changes in cardiac output and individual anthropometric variations, improved the predictions and approximated the experimentally observed N2 washout. The standard bubble growth predictions did not match measured VGE. Using weighing factors based on the N2 gas flow components predicted by the new biophysical model, the bubble growth pattern agrees much better with the measured VGE scores.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Traditional decompression models do not account for variations in physiological and environmental factors, leading to incorrect estimates of N2 washout and bubble growth predictions. Using an adaptive biophysical gas exchange model significantly improves the predictions for various altitude exposure profiles. We therefore strongly recommend incorporating adaptive physiological parameters in any model to be used for estimating decompression sickness risk and designing mitigation procedures. De Ridder S, Neyt X, Germonpré P. Adaptive inert gas exchange model for improved hypobaric decompression sickness risk estimation. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(2):85-92.</p>","PeriodicalId":7463,"journal":{"name":"Aerospace medicine and human performance","volume":"96 2","pages":"85-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerospace Medicine Clinic.","authors":"Preston S Moore","doi":"10.3357/AMHP.6618.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3357/AMHP.6618.2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7463,"journal":{"name":"Aerospace medicine and human performance","volume":"96 2","pages":"183-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatal Pulmonary Barotrauma from a Commercial Flight.","authors":"Graham Stevens","doi":"10.3357/AMHP.6577.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3357/AMHP.6577.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a paucity of cases of fatal pulmonary barotrauma in the literature unless the patient is mechanically ventilated. Here we report a presumed pulmonary barotrauma caused by pulmonary cyst rupture as barometric pressure reduced during a commercial flight, with tragic consequences.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 71-yr-old woman with a history of a large pulmonary cyst lost consciousness on a commercial domestic flight (1.15-h flight time). This period of reduced level of consciousness was undetected and may have caused hypoxic brain injury. Subsequent hospital investigations revealed a large cavitating lesion in the left lung and free gas in the brain, suggestive of pulmonary barotrauma and cerebral arterial gas embolism. Progression of the hypoxic brain injury caused death.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The likely cause of death was speculated to be caused by the preexisting pulmonary cyst, which was ruptured by either Valsalva, cough suppression, change in barometric pressure, or a combination of all three, causing fatal air emboli. Stevens G. Fatal pulmonary barotrauma from a commercial flight. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(2):180-182.</p>","PeriodicalId":7463,"journal":{"name":"Aerospace medicine and human performance","volume":"96 2","pages":"180-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing Select Medical Emergencies During Long-Duration Space Missions.","authors":"Kim-Anh Tran, Neal W Pollock, Pierre-Marc Dion, Marjorie Lapierre, Sophie Tremblay, William Witteman, Caroline Rhéaume, Daniel Lafond, Félix-Antoine Fortier, Andréanne Marion, Lara Dutil-Fafard, Camille Morin, Geneviève LePabic, David P M Monnot, Patrick M Archambault","doi":"10.3357/AMHP.6510.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3357/AMHP.6510.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Space agencies and private industries worldwide are planning long-duration missions, which come with complex medical challenges. Crews must be prepared for medical emergencies due to longer mission durations, increased travel distance, communication delays, and higher levels of isolation. This study aimed to systematically review the existing literature and knowledge gaps that could be related to the management of medical emergencies during long-duration space missions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. Electronic databases, including ARC, Embase, IEEE Xplore, Medline Ovid, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, were searched from inception to June 1, 2023. Empirical study designs published in English or French were eligible for inclusion provided they described the management of at least 1 of 10 prioritized potentially mission-critical medical conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 484 full-text studies were assessed for eligibility, with 99 included in this review. Conditions with the highest representation were spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (N = 23), herniated disk (N = 22), and nephrolithiasis (N = 22). Conditions with the least representation were cerebrovascular accidents (N = 4), eye penetration (N = 3), and retinal detachment (N = 2). The duration of missions varied between 5 and 438 d for studies conducted in space. The data reflected the scarcity of evidence concerning prolonged deep-space exposure beyond the Earth's magnetosphere.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Substantial medical autonomy is essential for the success of long-duration space missions, when medical support and even communication will be limited. Future research should prioritize knowledge gaps to improve preparedness and medical autonomy for space exploration activities. Tran K-A, Pollock NW, Dion P-M, Lapierre M, Tremblay S, Witteman W, Rhéaume C, Lafond D, Fortier F-A, Marion A, Dutil-Fafard L, Morin C, LePabic G, Monnot DPM, Archambault PM. Managing select medical emergencies during long-duration space missions. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(2):143-154.</p>","PeriodicalId":7463,"journal":{"name":"Aerospace medicine and human performance","volume":"96 2","pages":"143-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerospace Medicine Clinic.","authors":"Joseph J Pavelites, John Solak, Joseph J Pavelites","doi":"10.3357/AMHP.6519.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3357/AMHP.6519.2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7463,"journal":{"name":"Aerospace medicine and human performance","volume":"96 1","pages":"78-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive and Emotional Impacts of Face Pareidolia Application Among Pilot Students.","authors":"Gülsüm Akdeniz, Halil Eren Yilmaz, Husi Geza","doi":"10.3357/AMHP.6428.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3357/AMHP.6428.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Metaphoric signs, which refer to a resemblance to something absent, are, like pareidolia, strong cognitive tools that help us understand abstract concepts by relating them to concrete, sensory experiences, and these have not been studied in student pilots. Evaluating the characteristics of students in aviation, including sensory experiences such as stress, decision-making, and pattern recognition, is important for safe flight. This study aims to investigate the cognitive and emotional impacts of face pareidolia among pilot students by using the digital Pareidolia Test (PT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Subjects were 86 students from the Professional Pilot B.Sc.</p><p><strong>Program: </strong>PT includes 10 face and 10 pareidolia images. The number of European Aviation Safety Agency flight and simulator training hours, stress levels, and perceiving emotion in the pareidolia and face images were assessed using a self-report questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to test normality, and the Chi-squared test was used to analyze differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated significant differences in perceiving emotion in facial images based on stress levels from flight training from faculty courses (N = 42/86, 49.9%), and perceiving faces in pareidolia images related to flight simulator training hours. Perceiving emotions in pareidolia images varied significantly based on the number of European Aviation Safety Agency tests, but perceiving faces on pareidolia images did not show significant differences.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We claim that incorporating pareidolia in aviation training enhances pilots' pattern recognition abilities, facilitating more accurate decision-making. The research recommends using the new digital PT in professions that require attention, such as pilots, to evaluate these parameters. Akdeniz G, Yilmaz HE, Geza H. Cognitive and emotional impacts of face pareidolia application among pilot students. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(1):18-22.</p>","PeriodicalId":7463,"journal":{"name":"Aerospace medicine and human performance","volume":"96 1","pages":"18-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence-Based Aeromedical Assessments.","authors":"Terje Saehle","doi":"10.3357/AMHP.6540.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3357/AMHP.6540.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Assessment of fitness for flight constitutes one of the core tasks of aeromedical professionals. The value of such evaluations depends on the decision to be based on complete medical information, valid risk methodology, and genuine flight safety indicators. To achieve these goals, the aeromedical practitioner should ensure an evidence-based approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This article describes a pragmatic and evidence-based methodology for aeromedical fitness assessments, grounded on already validated principles within scientific epistemology and evidence-based clinical medicine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The aeromedical assessment should integrate both individual variables of the particular applicant, deductive reasoning by relevant experts, and the best available scientific evidence. Each of these three pillars includes a set of specific aspects based on knowledge of precision medicine, flight environment, risk methodology, statistics, metacognition, and scientific method.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Despite evidence-based approach being the benchmark, the aeromedical practitioner should be aware of limitations and potential pitfalls. The conclusion should be based on both functional performance and future risk of medical incapacitation using a transparent and objective risk matrix. Saehle T. Evidence-based aeromedical assessments. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(1):71-77.</p>","PeriodicalId":7463,"journal":{"name":"Aerospace medicine and human performance","volume":"96 1","pages":"71-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mars Mission Communication Delays and Impact on Mission Controller Performance, Workload, and Stress.","authors":"Madison Diamond, Gloria R Leon, Pablo de León","doi":"10.3357/AMHP.6550.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3357/AMHP.6550.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mission Controllers (MCs) are the main point of contact for space crews and are vital for successful human spaceflight. On a mission to Mars, there will be as long as 22-min one-way communication delays between the ground and the crew, causing major changes to current communication infrastructures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This exploratory study assessed the impact of a 20-min one-way communication delay on MCs' task performance, workload, and stress levels under nominal and off-nominal conditions, conducted during a 21-d analog mission.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Decrements in performance were noted on both nominal and off-nominal task completion in time-delay conditions [100% of real-time (rt) tasks complete, 16.7% of time-delay (td) tasks incomplete; 12.50% of nominal tasks and 33.33% of off-nominal tasks were incomplete]; more errors on task record forms (td = 6 forms, rt = 1 form); higher ratings of workload burden (nominal, td workload = 38.64; off-nominal, td workload = 58.72; nominal, rt workload = 34.00, off-nominal, rt workload = 52.78). No significant changes in MC stress levels were detected in rt compared to td, but MCs did report greater stress during off-nominal tasks compared to nominal tasks. The crew, however, were unable to detect these changes in MC stress levels.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Overall, these findings point to the importance of future research focused on MC training and adapting MC's operations for time-delayed missions. Further studies of time-delayed analog missions could help determine additional solutions focused on technology advances. Diamond M, Leon GR, de León P. Mars mission communication delays and impact on mission controller performance, workload, and stress. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(1):67-70.</p>","PeriodicalId":7463,"journal":{"name":"Aerospace medicine and human performance","volume":"96 1","pages":"67-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lung Function Changes with Acute +Gz Exposure as Assessed by Impulse Oscillometry.","authors":"Simon J W M Cornelissen, Erik Frijters, Gary Gray","doi":"10.3357/AMHP.6433.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3357/AMHP.6433.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The introduction of fifth-generation fighter aircraft has raised concerns regarding the impact of high gravitational forces on lung function. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of controlled +Gz exposure, up to +9 Gz, on lung function in military pilots using impulse oscillometry (IOS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>These studies, conducted in Canada and the Netherlands, involved military pilots undergoing high G centrifuge training. IOS measurements were obtained using the TremofloTM IOS device, which assesses lung function during normal tidal breathing without forced maneuvers. Included in the study were 30 military pilots of the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) and 28 military pilots trained by the Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF). Both performed baseline IOS measurements, with postexposure measurements obtained within 10 min in RCAF pilots and within 2 min by the RNLAF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both the RCAF and RNLAF studies showed significant increases in compliance (median = -1.605 and -2.085) and decreases in resistance (median = -0.611 and -0.230). Small airway resistance reduction was significant only in the RNLAF study (median = 0.176), indicating a greater effect at higher Gz levels.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The combined data showed no evidence that repeated exposure to high +Gz in combination with an anti-G suit and performance of the anti-G straining maneuver has acute negative effects on lung function. In fact, there was evidence of improvement in small airway function, perhaps as a result of the respiratory strain component of the anti-G straining maneuver, which increases intrathoracic pressure, possibly stretching the small airways, decreasing resistance, and increasing reactance. Cornelissen SJWM, Frijters E, Gray G. Lung function changes with acute +Gz exposure as assessed by impulse oscillometry. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(1):62-66.</p>","PeriodicalId":7463,"journal":{"name":"Aerospace medicine and human performance","volume":"96 1","pages":"62-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}