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Contents. 内容

IF 0.9 4区医学

Aerospace medicine and human performance Pub Date : 2024-01-01

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Venous Thromboembolism in Exploration Class Human Spaceflight. 探索级载人航天飞行中的静脉血栓栓塞症。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Aerospace medicine and human performance Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3357/AMHP.6290.2024

Sophie Levasseur, Nina Purvis, Sophia Trozzo, Seok Hoon Chung, Matthew Ades, Laura M Drudi

{"title":"Venous Thromboembolism in Exploration Class Human Spaceflight.","authors":"Sophie Levasseur, Nina Purvis, Sophia Trozzo, Seok Hoon Chung, Matthew Ades, Laura M Drudi","doi":"10.3357/AMHP.6290.2024","DOIUrl":"10.3357/AMHP.6290.2024","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: A recent finding of a deep venous thrombosis during spaceflight has prompted the need to clarify mechanisms and risks of venous thromboembolism (VTE). In turn, mitigation countermeasures, diagnostic modalities, and treatment options must be explored. The objective of this review was to synthesize current evidence on VTE in spaceflight.METHODS: A literature review was performed from inception to April 2023 pertaining to VTE in the context of spaceflight or ground-based analogs with human participants. PubMed was searched for papers written in English using the terms \"spaceflight\" or \"weightlessness\" and \"thrombotic\" or \"embolism\" or \"thromboembolism\" in \"venous\" or \"veins\". Papers using cellular or animal models were excluded.RESULTS: There were 63 papers captured; 7 original scientific studies, 3 narrative reviews, 2 systematic reviews, and 3 commentaries discussed VTE in spaceflight. Reference lists were screened. Important themes included: altered venous hemodynamics, increased fibrinogen and coagulation markers, hypoalbuminemia, and immune dysfunction. Additional risk factors may be seen in women, such as the use of oral contraceptives.DISCUSSION: Venous stasis and decreased shear stress secondary to fluid shifts may induce inflammatory changes in the venous system, resulting in endothelial damage and upregulation of the coagulation cascade. Additionally, women in space are subject to physiological factors increasing their VTE risk, such as the use of oral contraceptives, inducing increased blood viscosity and hypoalbuminemia. Efforts should also be placed in optimizing sensitivity and specificity of imaging markers, payload, and training ability, notably the use of vector flow imaging, and improving point-of-testing biomarkers, such as albumin and p-selectin.Levasseur S, Purvis N, Trozzo S, Chung SH, Ades M, Drudi LM. Venous thromboembolism in exploration class human spaceflight. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(1):45-53.","PeriodicalId":7463,"journal":{"name":"Aerospace medicine and human performance","volume":"95 1","pages":"45-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139073052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Preliminary Evaluation of an Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment to Prevent Motion Sickness. 对防止晕动病的整骨疗法进行初步评估。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Aerospace medicine and human performance Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.3357/AMHP.6248.2023

Virginia A Thomas, Amanda M Kelley, Albert Lee, Thomas Fotopoulos, Jason Boggs, John Campbell

{"title":"Preliminary Evaluation of an Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment to Prevent Motion Sickness.","authors":"Virginia A Thomas, Amanda M Kelley, Albert Lee, Thomas Fotopoulos, Jason Boggs, John Campbell","doi":"10.3357/AMHP.6248.2023","DOIUrl":"10.3357/AMHP.6248.2023","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Motion sickness affecting military pilots and aircrew can impact flight safety and, if severe, can lead to disqualification from flight status. However, due to the common adverse effects of motion sickness pharmaceuticals (e.g., drowsiness), medication options are severely limited. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential utility of a nonpharmaceutical method for motion sickness prevention, specifically an osteopathic manipulative technique (OMT).METHODS:A novel OMT protocol for the reduction of motion sickness symptoms and severity was evaluated using a sham-controlled, counterbalanced, between-subjects study design. The independent variable was OMT treatment administered prior to the motion sickness-inducing procedure (rotating chair). The primary dependent measures were total and subscale scores from the Motion Sickness Assessment Questionnaire.RESULTS:The OMT treatment group experienced significantly fewer gastrointestinal (mean scores postprocedure, treatment M = 20.42, sham M = 41.67) and sopite-related (mean scores postprocedure, treatment M = 12.81, sham M = 20.68) symptoms than the sham group while controlling for motion sickness susceptibility. There were no differences between groups with respect to peripheral and central symptoms.DISCUSSION:The results suggest that the treatment may prevent gastrointestinal (nausea) and sopite-related symptoms (sleepiness). These preliminary findings support further exploration of OMT for the prevention of motion sickness. A more precise evaluation of the mechanism of action is needed. Additionally, the duration of the effects needs to be investigated to determine the usefulness of this technique in training and operational settings.Thomas VA, Kelley AM, Lee A, Fotopoulos T, Boggs J, Campbell J. Preliminary evaluation of an osteopathic manipulative treatment to prevent motion sickness. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(12):934-938.","PeriodicalId":7463,"journal":{"name":"Aerospace medicine and human performance","volume":"94 12","pages":"934-938"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139097053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Volume TOC. TOC 容量。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Aerospace medicine and human performance Pub Date : 2023-12-01

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Astronaut Candidate, Candidate-Like, and Undergraduate Subjects Compared on Retention and Transfer. 宇航员候选人、候选者和本科生在留级和转学方面的比较。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Aerospace medicine and human performance Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.3357/AMHP.6250.2023

James A Kole, Immanuel Barshi, Alice F Healy, Vivian I Schneider

{"title":"Astronaut Candidate, Candidate-Like, and Undergraduate Subjects Compared on Retention and Transfer.","authors":"James A Kole, Immanuel Barshi, Alice F Healy, Vivian I Schneider","doi":"10.3357/AMHP.6250.2023","DOIUrl":"10.3357/AMHP.6250.2023","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: The present study examined long-term retention and transfer of knowledge and skills, as well as the effect of cognitive load on retention and transfer, using a sample of astronaut candidates and two comparison groups. The first comparison group, recruited from Johnson Space Center, was similar in age, education, and general health to the astronaut candidate group; the second comparison group included university undergraduate students.METHODS:This study employed two different tasks-a simple perceptual-motor task involving data entry and a complex memory updating task requiring both prospective and retrospective memory. Subjects completed multiple sessions involving both tasks over a 500-d period, with test sessions involving transfer and/or a cognitive load manipulation. For the perceptual-motor task, transfer involved changes to the stimuli that increased intrinsic cognitive load or changes to the required motoric procedures. For the memory updating task, extraneous cognitive load was increased by the addition of a concurrent secondary task.RESULTS:For both the perceptual-motor and memory updating tasks, astronaut candidates and candidate-like subjects performed more accurately, with greater speed, and were less impacted by increased cognitive load than undergraduate students. Despite the generally superior performance of astronaut candidates and candidate-like subjects, they were more likely to experience negative transfer on the perceptual-motor task, whereas undergraduate students demonstrated positive transfer.DISCUSSION:Candidate-like subjects provided a more accurate approximation of astronaut candidate performance than did undergraduate students, especially with regard to negative transfer effects and cognitive load.Kole JA, Barshi I, Healy AF, Schneider VI. Astronaut candidate, candidate-like, and undergraduate subjects compared on retention and transfer. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(12):902-910.","PeriodicalId":7463,"journal":{"name":"Aerospace medicine and human performance","volume":"94 12","pages":"902-910"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139097130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Miscellaneous Ads. 杂项广告。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Aerospace medicine and human performance Pub Date : 2023-12-01

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Aerospace Medicine Clinic. 航空航天医学诊所。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Aerospace medicine and human performance Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.3357/AMHP.6236.2023

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Index to Subjects. 主题索引。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Aerospace medicine and human performance Pub Date : 2023-12-01

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Initial Investigation of a Grating Stimulus as a Visual Endpoint for Human Centrifuge Research. 将光栅刺激作为人类离心机研究视觉终点的初步研究。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Aerospace medicine and human performance Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.3357/AMHP.6246.2023

Joseph Britton, Desmond M Connolly, Danielle E Hawarden, Alec T Stevenson, Stephen D R Harridge, Nicholas D C Green, Ross D Pollock

{"title":"Initial Investigation of a Grating Stimulus as a Visual Endpoint for Human Centrifuge Research.","authors":"Joseph Britton, Desmond M Connolly, Danielle E Hawarden, Alec T Stevenson, Stephen D R Harridge, Nicholas D C Green, Ross D Pollock","doi":"10.3357/AMHP.6246.2023","DOIUrl":"10.3357/AMHP.6246.2023","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: G tolerance has been widely assessed using Peripheral Light Loss (PLL), but this approach has several limitations and may lack sensitivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of a foveal visual endpoint for centrifuge research (Grating Loss; GL) and assess its repeatability, reliability, and usability with PLL as a reference.METHODS: A total of 11 subjects undertook centrifuge assessment. Gradual onset sessions (GOR; 0.1 G · s-1) measured both endpoints simultaneously and were performed twice, consisting of six determinations with anti-G suits activated (GOR-On) and six without (GOR-Off). Four determinations of each endpoint were also taken during rapid onset runs (ROR; 3 G · s-1). Usability was scored subjectively.RESULTS: The GL endpoint was reached 0.3-0.5 Gz lower than PLL with each endpoint correlating strongly in GOR-Off (r = 0.93), GOR-On (r = 0.95), and ROR (r = 0.86). The GL had excellent test-retest repeatability (intraclass correlation coefficient: GOR-Off/On = 0.99, ROR = 0.92) and low within-subject variability. Between-subject variance equaled PLL in all conditions. Subjective usability endpoint ratings were equal for all conditions.DISCUSSION: For the 11 individuals tested, the GL was a reliable, repeatable, and usable endpoint, with similar performance to PLL. GL may prove useful as a supplementary endpoint for human centrifuge research as a secondary data point or to reduce fatigue in repeated measurements. The foveal GL stimulus was lost before PLL, contrary to popular models of visual changes under +Gz.Britton J, Connolly DM, Hawarden DE, Stevenson AT, Harridge SDR, Green NDC, Pollock RD. Initial investigation of a grating stimulus as a visual endpoint for human centrifuge research. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(12):894-901.","PeriodicalId":7463,"journal":{"name":"Aerospace medicine and human performance","volume":"94 12","pages":"894-901"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139097050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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This Month in Aerospace Medicine History: December. 航空航天医学史上的这个月：十二月

IF 0.9 4区医学

Aerospace medicine and human performance Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.3357/AMHP.6384.2024

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