{"title":"Examination of Human Spatial Reasoning Capability and Simulated Autonomous Rendezvous and Docking Monitoring Performance","authors":"Hannah Larson, Leia Stirling","doi":"10.1177/21695067231192262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231192262","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous rendezvous and docking (ARD) maneuvers are challenging tasks that require collaboration between a human and a spacecraft to be successful. As automation becomes more integrated into ARD systems, it is important to consider when and why a human may take control. Intrinsic human characteristics can influence these decisions. We consider how human spatial orientation capacity affects participants when monitoring a simulated ARD maneuver and initiating takeover when the system is perceived to be failing. Participants’ spatial reasoning capability was assessed and compared to performance in the monitoring task and perceived mental workload. While participants showed high rates of success in the task, they showed a wide range in spatial reasoning capacity and perceived mental demand. Spatial reasoning capacity did not indicate participants’ mental workload, which has implications for the human as the supervisor. These results inform future work on augmentative displays that may incorporate exocentric and egocentric views.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"414 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135218207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Redesigning Educational Countermeasures to Increase Virginia Drivers’ Road-Sharing Safety Knowledge","authors":"Alexandra B. Proaps, Jeremiah D. Still","doi":"10.1177/21695067231192669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231192669","url":null,"abstract":"The lack of alignment between drivers’ and cyclists’ road-sharing knowledge results in unsafe interactions. To address this issue, educational countermeasures must clearly present and apply evidence-based practices to increase the likelihood that drivers will learn how to share the road safely with cyclists. In this study, we redesigned an existing Virginia road-sharing safety educational handbook to support a series of experiments. The redesign was based on established principles of instructional, organizational, and visual design. Virginia drivers completed a comprehension test after reviewing road-sharing educational material online. Results showed that reviewing the redesigned brochure did not improve global comprehension, law-based knowledge, and procedural knowledge about sharing the road with cyclists. However, the improved design of the educational material enhanced drivers’ declarative knowledge of road-sharing laws and safety. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of transferring these design choices to other transportation domains, so policymakers and instructors can effectively prioritize approaches for improving road safety.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"83 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135112760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Learning by Successful or Unsuccessful Experiences?","authors":"Keum Joo Kim, Eugene Santos","doi":"10.1177/21695067231192528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231192528","url":null,"abstract":"Humans learn from both successful and unsuccessful experiences, because useful information about how to solve complex problems can be gleaned not only from success but also from failure. In this paper, we propose a method for investigating this difference by applying Preference based Inverse Reinforcement Learning to Double Transition Models built from replays of StarCraft II. Our method provides two advantages: (1) the ability to identify integrated reward distributions from computational models composed of multiple experiences, and (2) the ability to discern differences between learning by successes and failures. Our experimental results demonstrate that reward distributions are shaped depending on the trajectories utilized to build models. Reward distributions based on successful episodes were skewed to the left, while those based on unsuccessful episodes were skewed to the right. Furthermore, we found that players with symmetric triple reward distributions had a high probability of winning the game.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"33 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135112838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Eliciting Ergonomic User-Defined Gestures for Virtual Reality: A Pilot Study","authors":"Nathan Sanders, Elif Sener, Karen B. Chen","doi":"10.1177/21695067231192530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231192530","url":null,"abstract":"People are increasingly using virtual reality (VR) for work. As a result of extended use, fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders affecting the upper arms and shoulders are already becoming common among VR users. This pilot study presented a “virtual working area” (VWA) to reduce the risk of fatigue resulting from using gestures obtained in gesture elicitation studies, and explored how the distance to the user interface (UI) interacted with different functions (select, scroll) during a mock reading task. Results showed that keeping the hands within the VWA had the potential to reduce Rapid Upper-Body Limb Assessment (RULA) and Borg CR10 scores at clinically significant levels. Scores were worse when the UI was far away and for the select function, suggesting the design of virtual UIs can play a role in eliciting naturalistic yet ergonomic interactions. The results also provide effect sizes and variance estimates to plan future work.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"8 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135112854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Faiza Tazi, Archana Nandakumar, Josiah Dykstra, Prashanth Rajivan, Sanchari Das
{"title":"Privacy, Security, and Usability Tradeoffs of Telehealth from Practitioners’ Perspectives","authors":"Faiza Tazi, Archana Nandakumar, Josiah Dykstra, Prashanth Rajivan, Sanchari Das","doi":"10.1177/21695067231199689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231199689","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly transformed the healthcare sector, with telehealth services being among the most prominent changes. The adoption of telehealth services, however, has raised new challenges, particularly in the areas of security and privacy. To better comprehend the telehealth needs and concerns of medical professionals, particularly those in private practice, we conducted a study comprised of 20 semi-structured interviews with telehealth practitioners in audiology and speech therapy. Our findings indicate that private telehealth practitioners encounter difficult choices when it comes to balancing security, privacy, usability, and accessibility, particularly while caring for vulnerable populations. Additionally, the study revealed that practitioners face challenges in ensuring HIPAA compliance due to inadequate resources and a lack of technological comprehension. Policymakers and healthcare providers should take proactive measures to address these challenges, including offering resources and training to ensure HIPAA compliance and enhancing technology infrastructure to support secure and accessible telehealth.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"22 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135112902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Randall Spain, Benjamin Goldberg, Shannon Bailey, Stephanie Fussell, Allison Bayro, Kelly Hale, Aaron Jones, Rachel Regina, Bob Thomas, Kevin Owens, Nathan Lau, Abhraneil Dam, Karen Chen, Luke Sturgeon, Monifa Vaughn-Cooke, Nuela Chidubem Enebechi
{"title":"Human Factors Extended Reality Showcase","authors":"Randall Spain, Benjamin Goldberg, Shannon Bailey, Stephanie Fussell, Allison Bayro, Kelly Hale, Aaron Jones, Rachel Regina, Bob Thomas, Kevin Owens, Nathan Lau, Abhraneil Dam, Karen Chen, Luke Sturgeon, Monifa Vaughn-Cooke, Nuela Chidubem Enebechi","doi":"10.1177/21695067231192432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231192432","url":null,"abstract":"This alternative format session provides a forum for human factors scholars and practitioners to showcase how state-of-the-art extended reality (XR) applications are being used in academia, defense, and industry to address human factors research. The session will begin with short introductions from each presenter to describe their XR application. Afterward, session attendees will engage with the presenters and their demonstrations, which will be set up around the demonstration floor room. This year’s showcase features XR applications in STEM education, medical and aviation training, agricultural data visualization, homeland security, training design, and visitor engagement in informal learning settings. Our goal is for attendees to experience how human factors professionals use XR to support human factors-oriented research and to learn about the exciting work being conducted with these emerging technologies.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"48 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135113307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unintended Biases due to Simulated Impairment within Inclusive Mobility Research and Design","authors":"Kamolnat Tabattanon, Aaron Sun, Bernard J.","doi":"10.1177/21695067231192871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231192871","url":null,"abstract":"Simulated impairment refers to requiring persons without impairments to substitute persons with impairments in endeavors related to training, design creation, or usability testing. However, disability voices and research suggest limited effectiveness, greater distancing, and exclusion. Despite this, the simulation of physical limitations, including that of aging, continue to be used under the assumption that physical tasks and usability ratings do not significantly differ in simulation. In this experiment, age- and sex-matched older adults who use and do not use a manual wheelchair (MWC) are instructed to independently perform a self-paced parallel park using an MWC. The total clearance between obstacles required to perform a collision-free trial was recorded. Thirty-eight volunteers were recruited (MWC-user n=15; Simulated Impairment [SI] n=23). Higher clearance was required by the MWC group, suggesting the use of simulated impairment for motor tasks may result in bias. Open-ended questions revealed self-centered viewpoints, supporting literature that raises inclusion concerns regarding views of an “Other” group. Overall, our results support the direct engagement of target populations during early design to appropriately define user perspectives and needs. Designers should work with the community of people who face limitations rather than substituting their voices with those who may not accurately represent all of their consumer needs.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"25 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135113550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using Detection Response Task and NASA-TLX to Measure the Difference in Cognitive Workload Between Partially Automated Mode and Manual Mode: An On-Road Study","authors":"Noor Jajo, Francesco N. Biondi","doi":"10.1177/21695067231193689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231193689","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to investigate how partially automated vehicles affect cognitive load. The study involved an on-road experiment where 29 participants drove a Tesla in both partially automated and manual mode for up to 45 minutes. The researchers objectively measured the participants' cognitive workload using the Detection Response Task (DRT) and subjectively assessed it using NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). The findings revealed that there was no significant difference in cognitive workload between the partially automated mode and manual mode in both objective and subjective measures. Our study expands the literature on the effects of partially automated vehicles on cognitive workload by using DRT and NASA-TLX. Further studies should adopt similar methodology with the addition of physiological and ocular measures.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135113718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Menekse S. Barim, Ursula (Asha) Brogan, Alysha Meyers, Tristan Victoroff, Brent A. Baker, Liying Zheng, Mahiyar Nasarwanji, Jessica Ramsey
{"title":"NIOSH research efforts to prevent work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders","authors":"Menekse S. Barim, Ursula (Asha) Brogan, Alysha Meyers, Tristan Victoroff, Brent A. Baker, Liying Zheng, Mahiyar Nasarwanji, Jessica Ramsey","doi":"10.1177/21695067231192446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231192446","url":null,"abstract":"NIOSH researchers are pioneering the study of musculoskeletal health as professional ergonomists. We examine physical and social components of work environments to mitigate musculoskeletal injury risks. Part of our mission is to reduce the burden of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) through a focused program of research and prevention that protects workers from MSDs, helps management mitigate related risks and liabilities, and helps practitioners improve the efficacy of workplace interventions. The purpose of this discussion panel is to disseminate research findings and recommendations (1) to practitioners to interpret and apply the results of research to real-world problems, and (2) to inspire researchers to continue their efforts to protect the millions of workers at risk.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"9 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135216897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wendy A. Rogers, Sara J. Czaja, Neil Charness, Walter R. Boot
{"title":"Designing for Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment: A Panel Discussion","authors":"Wendy A. Rogers, Sara J. Czaja, Neil Charness, Walter R. Boot","doi":"10.1177/21695067231192934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231192934","url":null,"abstract":"The population is aging and a subset of older adults will have some level of cognitive impairment. Human factors/ergonomics (HF/E) practitioners must consider them in the design process but often are not prepared to do so, lacking relevant experience or training. In this panel, an interdisciplinary team with expertise in aging, in general, and cognitive impairment, in particular, will (a) provide insights into cognitive challenges confronting older adults with cognitive impairments; (b) discuss impacts of these challenges on everyday performance (e.g., transportation, computer use, health); (c) explore the design cycle as it relates to cognitive impairment; and (d) provide examples of accommodations necessary for research and user testing for this population. Interactive audience discussion will focus on future directions and challenges for design and testing of emerging technologies for persons aging with cognitive impairment. This panel will be of interest to a broad range of HF/E domains.","PeriodicalId":74544,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual meeting","volume":"26 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135217870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}