PNAS nexus最新文献_第7页

Correction to: Can reminder emails compel Americans to save? A two-million-person megastudy. 更正：提醒邮件能迫使美国人存钱吗？一项200万人的大型研究。

IF 4.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-08-18 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag268

引用次数: 0

The Fallopian tube: Biosensor and dynamic regulator of preimplantation development. 输卵管：植入前发育的生物传感器和动态调节器。

IF 4.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-08-14 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag276

Kalli K Stephens, Jiude Mao, Wipawee Winuthayanon

{"title":"The Fallopian tube: Biosensor and dynamic regulator of preimplantation development.","authors":"Kalli K Stephens, Jiude Mao, Wipawee Winuthayanon","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag276","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag276","url":null,"abstract":"The Fallopian tube (also called the oviduct) provides the physiological site for fertilization and early embryonic development in mammals, yet its role in shaping preimplantation developmental competence remains incompletely understood. Although assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have enabled millions of successful pregnancies, most ART procedures bypass the oviduct, eliminating early embryo-maternal interactions that occur in vivo. Evidence across mammalian species demonstrates that the oviduct is not a passive conduit, but a dynamic tissue that regulates embryo transport, modulates immune and metabolic responses, and secretes stage-specific factors that influence embryonic development. Disruption of oviductal signaling impairs preimplantation development and leads to early pregnancy loss, highlighting the importance of a functional oviductal environment. Moreover, embryos actively send signals to the oviduct, eliciting stage-specific transcriptional and proteomic responses, indicating reciprocal communication during early pregnancy. Data suggest that embryos generated by different ART approaches (such as somatic cell nuclear transfer or artificial insemination) exhibit distinct molecular and metabolic profiles, raising the possibility that embryo source and quality may uniquely shape uterine epithelial responses following transfer. In this review, we provide evidence supporting the oviduct as an active regulator of preimplantation embryonic development, discuss the consequences of bypassing the oviduct in ART, and highlight current experimental models and knowledge gaps. Defining how the oviduct functions as a biosensor of embryo quality will be critical for understanding early pregnancy loss and refinements for ARTs.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 8","pages":"pgag276"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13505511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148820702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling infodemics on a global scale: A 30 countries study using epidemiological and social listening data. 全球范围内的信息流行病建模：一项使用流行病学和社会倾听数据的30个国家的研究。

IF 4.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-08-14 eCollection Date: 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag274

Edoardo Loru, Marco Delmastro, Francesco Gesualdo, Matteo Cinelli

{"title":"Modeling infodemics on a global scale: A 30 countries study using epidemiological and social listening data.","authors":"Edoardo Loru, Marco Delmastro, Francesco Gesualdo, Matteo Cinelli","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag274","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag274","url":null,"abstract":"Infodemics represent a significant threat to public health, arising from complex interactions between online and offline phenomena. The continuous feedback loops between digital information ecosystems and real-world contingencies make infodemics particularly challenging to define operationally, measure, and eventually model in quantitative terms. This study aims to evaluate the effect of various epidemic-related variables on the dynamics of the COVID-19 infodemic, using a regression modeling framework applied to data from 30 countries across diverse income groups. We use World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 surveillance data on new cases and deaths, vaccination data from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker, infodemic data (volume of public conversations and social media content) from the WHO EARS platform, and Google Trends data to represent information demand. Our findings show that new deaths are the strongest predictor of document production, and that the epidemic burden in neighboring countries exerts a greater influence on document production than domestic epidemic conditions. Building on these results, we propose a data-driven classification of country-level response that highlights country-specific discrepancies between the evolution of the infodemic and the epidemic. Further, an analysis of the temporal evolution of the relationship between the two phenomena quantifies the extent to which discussions surrounding vaccine rollouts may have shaped the development of the infodemic. Beyond underscoring the value of a holistic approach that integrates both online and offline dimensions, our results demonstrate that the evolution of infodemics and their relationship with epidemic variables can be closely monitored, even over short time windows.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 9","pages":"pgag274"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diffusive buckling fronts in lattice-based metamaterials. 晶格基超材料中的扩散屈曲前缘。

IF 4.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-08-12 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag272

Jochem G Meijer, Faadil H Shaik, Victoria V McDermott, Heinrich M Jaeger

{"title":"Diffusive buckling fronts in lattice-based metamaterials.","authors":"Jochem G Meijer, Faadil H Shaik, Victoria V McDermott, Heinrich M Jaeger","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag272","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag272","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical metamaterials can be designed to exhibit unique mechanical properties, including tunable auxetic behavior as well as multistability, which arise from the geometry and configuration of the constituent building blocks. Lattice-based metamaterials, in particular, provide lightweight platforms where local instabilities can dictate the global response, with applications in energy routing and vibration isolation. In underdamped structures, perturbations have been found to propagate as nonlinear waves, e.g. transition waves or solitons. Here we investigate the opposite limit of overdamped, highly dissipative lattice metamaterials. Focusing on 3D structures, we uncover how buckling instabilities, triggered by compression, propagate as fronts that shape the macroscopic behavior. We demonstrate in experiments on 3D-printed simple cubic lattices how global and local buckling modes can be controlled via the lattice geometry. By incorporating viscoelastic dissipation into a 3D-continuum model, we show that strain-driven buckling fronts obey coupled reaction-diffusion equations. The diffusion and reaction coefficients, determined by local geometry, material properties, and strain, select the propagation direction and enable steering of the fronts. This establishes a predictive and experimentally validated framework for the control of cascading mechanical instabilities in lattice-based metamaterials.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 8","pages":"pgag272"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13496242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148802816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Painful neuromas exhibit axonal phenotypic shift via nociceptive and mechanosensitive marker up-regulation. 疼痛性神经瘤通过伤害性和机械敏感标记上调表现出轴突表型转移。

IF 4.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-08-11 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag257

Vlad Tereshenko, Floris V Raasveld, Charles D Hwang, Madison R Hussey, Benjamin Johnston, Ian L Valerio, William G Austen, Brian J Wainger, William Renthal, Kyle R Eberlin

{"title":"Painful neuromas exhibit axonal phenotypic shift via nociceptive and mechanosensitive marker up-regulation.","authors":"Vlad Tereshenko, Floris V Raasveld, Charles D Hwang, Madison R Hussey, Benjamin Johnston, Ian L Valerio, William G Austen, Brian J Wainger, William Renthal, Kyle R Eberlin","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag257","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag257","url":null,"abstract":"Neuropathic pain encompasses a spectrum of conditions that significantly impact quality of life. In case of nerve injuries, when regenerating axons fail to reach their target organs, they can form painful neuromas, yet the mechanisms underlying their formation remain unclear. In this exploratory study, we analyzed the neural components of painful neuromas by examining the expression patterns of key nociceptor markers. Neural components within neuromas exhibited up-regulated growth-associated protein 43, indicating their regenerative potential. Calcitonin gene-related peptide was expressed in 84% of axons, versus 3% in healthy nerves, suggesting a phenotypic shift toward a nociceptive profile. We also observed increased expression of the mechanosensitive channel Piezo2 in 78% of axons and up-regulation of the low-threshold sodium channel Nav1.3, consistent with heightened mechanosensitivity and hyperexcitability. These observations identify candidate molecular alterations in painful neuromas and may provide a guide for future development of targeted therapies for neuroma-related pain.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 8","pages":"pgag257"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13459132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148715078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fragile preferences: A deep dive into order effects in large language models. 脆弱的偏好：深入研究大型语言模型中的顺序效应。

IF 4.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-08-11 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag246

Haonan Yin, Shai Vardi, Vidyanand Choudhary

{"title":"Fragile preferences: A deep dive into order effects in large language models.","authors":"Haonan Yin, Shai Vardi, Vidyanand Choudhary","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag246","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag246","url":null,"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in decision-support systems for high-stakes domains such as hiring and university admissions, where choices often involve selecting among competing alternatives. While prior work has noted position biases in LLM-driven comparisons, these biases have not been systematically analyzed or linked to underlying preference structures. We present the first comprehensive study of position biases across multiple LLMs and two distinct domains: resume comparisons, representing a realistic high-stakes context, and color selection, which isolates position effects by removing confounding factors. We find strong and consistent order effects, including a quality-dependent shift: when all options are high quality, models favor the first option, but when quality is lower, they favor later options. We also identify a previously undocumented bias: a name bias, where certain names are favored despite controlling for demographic signals. To separate superficial tie-breaking from genuine distortions of judgment, we extend the rational choice framework to classify pairwise preferences as robust, fragile, or indifferent. Using this framework, we show that order effects can lead models to select strictly inferior options. These results indicate that LLMs exhibit distinct failure modes not documented in human decision-making. We also propose targeted mitigation strategies, including a novel use of the temperature parameter, to recover underlying preferences when order effects distort model behavior.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 8","pages":"pgag246"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13459133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148715130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Addressing antimicrobial resistance: Current challenges, emerging strategies, and an AI-powered, community-driven approach. 应对抗菌素耐药性：当前的挑战、新出现的战略以及人工智能驱动的社区驱动方法。

IF 4.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-08-11 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag273

Peter Wang, Alton Hsiung, Christiana Fraise, Gyula Seres, Li Ming Chong, Kui You, Angelina Moh, Chengxun Su, Yoann Sapanel, Isaiah Zhuang, Lissa Hooi, Oon Tek Ng, Shawn Vasoo, Dean Ho

{"title":"Addressing antimicrobial resistance: Current challenges, emerging strategies, and an AI-powered, community-driven approach.","authors":"Peter Wang, Alton Hsiung, Christiana Fraise, Gyula Seres, Li Ming Chong, Kui You, Angelina Moh, Chengxun Su, Yoann Sapanel, Isaiah Zhuang, Lissa Hooi, Oon Tek Ng, Shawn Vasoo, Dean Ho","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag273","url":null,"abstract":"The rising incidence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has threatened global public health with a high mortality rate. In parallel, the de-incentivization for further investment, regulatory constraints, and overuse/misuse of antibiotics have accelerated the progression of AMR. Together, these factors have contributed to the declining efficacy of a wide spectrum of antibiotics and the increasing prevalence of drug resistance that outpaced AMR-specific drug development. More importantly, even with substantial historical investments in antibiotic discovery over several decades, the development of clinically actionable, novel antibiotics has remained limited. In this article, we present the challenges of addressing AMR and outline emerging strategies that may reduce its burden. While advanced therapies, including bacteriophage therapy, have demonstrated promising results, complementary strategies that integrate emerging technologies and engage diverse stakeholders are needed. Building on this vision, we propose the potential role of AI-powered platforms in supporting and accelerating AMR-specific drug development alongside a community-driven approach that engages scientists, policymakers, health economists, clinicians, and patients to help address existing scientific and translational challenges. Furthermore, this article offers an inclusive strategy with key considerations, including educational and public health interventions, government-led programs, and health economics, which together could potentially tackle the threat of AMR along with AI-powered solutions.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 8","pages":"pgag273"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13492212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148802763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender gaps in patience, risk-taking, trust, and prosociality are smaller among younger cohorts. 在耐心、冒险、信任和亲社会方面的性别差异在年轻人群中较小。

IF 4.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-08-11 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag255

Rainer Kotschy, Uwe Sunde

引用次数: 0

A depositional taphonomy model for sedaDNA based on biotic profiles of contrasting sedimentation regimes. 基于生物剖面对比沉积体系的sedaDNA沉积埋藏模型。

IF 4.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-08-10 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag271

Teri A Hansford, Vivian Higgs, Vincent Gaffney, Logan Kistler, Robin G Allaby

引用次数: 0

Measuring narrative polarization in online discourse. 测量网络话语中的叙事极化。

IF 4.8

PNAS nexus Pub Date : 2026-08-10 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag270

Jan Elfes, Marco Bastos, Luca Maria Aiello

{"title":"Measuring narrative polarization in online discourse.","authors":"Jan Elfes, Marco Bastos, Luca Maria Aiello","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag270","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag270","url":null,"abstract":"Polarization research has demonstrated how people cluster in homogeneous groups with opposing opinions. However, this effect emerges not only through interaction between people, limiting communication between groups, but also between narratives, shaping opinions and partisan identities. Yet, how polarized information environments portray opposing interpretations of reality, and whether narratives move between content environments despite limited interactions, remains unexplored. To address this gap, we formalize the concept of narrative polarization and demonstrate its measurement in 212 YouTube videos and 90,029 comments on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Based on structural narrative theory and implemented through a large language model, we extract the narrative roles assigned to central actors in two partisan information environments. We find that while videos produce highly polarized narratives, comments exhibit significantly lower levels of narrative polarization, converging on shared core narrative structures. However, recurring narrative motifs capturing more complex actor constellations reveal additional differences between partisan environments.","PeriodicalId":74468,"journal":{"name":"PNAS nexus","volume":"5 8","pages":"pgag270"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13505509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148820700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0