PLOS global public health最新文献

{"title":"Correction: WHO target product profile for TB detection at peripheral settings: 2024 update.","authors":"Mikashmi Kohli, Alexei Korobitsyn, Nazir Ismail, Matteo Zignol, Tereza Kasaeva, Puneet Dewan, Morten Ruhwald","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005315","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0004612.].</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"5 10","pages":"e0005315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12510484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global and regional burden and inequalities of oral conditions in children, adolescents, and young adults (0-39 years), 1990 to 2021.","authors":"Yue Chen, Zhishen Jiang, Liu Liu, Jian Pan, Yubin Cao, Wenli Lai, Hu Long","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005274","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous Global Burden of Disease studies often encompassed the entire age spectrum or treated adolescents and young adults as a single cohort. This methodology has limited the opportunity for a detailed analysis and modelling of oral health within specific subgroups of the younger population. This study examines the lifecycle-specific burden, trends, and inequalities of oral disorders among children, adolescents, and young adults from 1990 to 2021, utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021. Age-standardized Years Lived with Disability (YLD) rates were calculated by sex, age subgroups, and sociodemographic index (SDI) quintiles, followed by incidence and prevalence calculations. The study utilized Joinpoint regression, decomposition analysis, slope/concentration index, and sociodemographic attribution analysis to assess the epidemiology of oral disorders. As a result, in 2021, there were 6.22 (3.40-10.57) million YLDs associated with oral disorders among children, adolescents, and young adults globally. Temporal trends indicated a post-pandemic rise in deciduous caries among children. The number of YLDs of caries in children, adolescents, and young adults has all increased despite declining age-standardized YLD rates in 1990-2021 due to population growth in lower-SDI locations. The number and age-standardized YLD rates of periodontal disease and edentulism have risen among adolescents and young adults, exacerbated by worsened epidemiology and population growth. Despite improvements in 2021 compared to 1990, inequalities in periodontal disease burdens persist, disproportionately affecting lower SDI locations. Findings of this study reveal that oral disorder epidemiological metrics among individuals aged 0-39 have generally improved for caries but worsened for periodontal diseases and edentulism. Population growth in lower-SDI locations primarily drove the global increased burdens. SDI-related inequalities disproportionately concentrated periodontal disease burdens in lower-SDI locations. Targeted healthcare resource allocation is essential for youth population to address the increased burdens and inequalities and enhance universal health coverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"5 10","pages":"e0005274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12510561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Influence of women's legal status on pregnancy outcomes and quality of care: Findings from the Pregnancy of Migrants in Switzerland (PROMISES) program.","authors":"Eugénie de Weck, Clara Noble, Jessica Sormani, Monique Lamuela Naulin, Cyril Jaksic, Sara Arsever, Begoña Martinez de Tejada, Nicole C Schmidt, Anya Levy Guyer, Anne-Caroline Benski","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005303","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0004217.].</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"5 10","pages":"e0005303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12510480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-management of chronic conditions including multimorbidity in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic and meta-synthesis review with focus on diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and HIV.","authors":"Sangwani Nkhana Salimu, Melissa Taylor, Stephen A Spencer, Nicola Desmond, Deborah Nyirenda, Ben Morton","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0003836","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0003836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing prevalence of multimorbidity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is an urgent concern for health service delivery, yet little is known about how best to support self-management- the tasks patients and carers take to maintain physical and mental health in this context. This review synthesized qualitative evidence that describes self-management of four chronic conditions- HIV, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and hypertension, including multimorbidity among patients and their carers in SSA. We systematically searched five databases and grey literature for studies published between January 2000 and to March 2025 and conducted a thematic synthesis of findings. Twenty-three studies met inclusion criteria, three of which focused on multimorbidity. Across conditions, patients negotiated self-management based on immediacy of needs and available family support. Patients are motivated to apply biomedical management but are limited by factors such as drug stock-outs and out-of-pocket expenditure. Limited knowledge and low self-efficacy toward self-management of multimorbidity impact decision making and problem solving. We found that diabetes and chronic kidney disease imposed the greatest treatment burden, making them the most challenging conditions for patients to manage. Temporal discontinuation of medications was more prevalent amongst patients with hypertension; and patients with multimorbidity are frequently hypervigilant about their health, more likely to suffer from stress and to seek healthcare. This review synthesised qualitative evidence on self-management of HIV, diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease in SSA, and considered insights for multimorbidity. Most studies focused on individual conditions, yet our findings reveal strikingly similar challenges across all four conditions: limited health literacy, low self-efficacy, and inadequate structural support. These barriers are likely amplified with multimorbidity, further complicating decision-making and self-management. Addressing these gaps will require context-sensitive interventions that strengthen patient literacy, build confidence to increase patient autonomy and expand the range of resources available to manage chronic disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"5 10","pages":"e0003836"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12510608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iranian livestock breeders' knowledge, attitude, practice, and behavioral determinants related to brucellosis prevention.","authors":"Farhad Bahadori, Fazlollah Ghofranipour, Fatemeh Zarei, Saeideh Ghaffarifar, Reza Ziaei","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0004693","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0004693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that affects animals and humans. Its transmission to humans occurs through various routes such as consumption of infected animal products or unprotected close contact with secretions or different parts of live or dead infected animals. This study aims to report Iranian livestock breeders' awareness, attitude, practice, and behavioral determinants related to Brucellosis prevention. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 among 450 livestock breeders in Beyraq, a suburb of Tabriz city. The Brucellosis Prevention Questionnaire (BPQ) was used to collect data. Statistical analysis performed using SPSS-23. The BPQ, consisting of 53 items, had acceptable psychometric properties (Content Validity Index = 0.90, Content Validity Ratio = 0.74, Impact Score = 4.30, Intra-class Correlation Coefficient = 0.885, Composite Reliability = 0.895, and Standard Error of Measurement = 5.448). The study surveyed 450 livestock breeders, with an average age of 51.68 ± 16.4 years.. Participants with a history of brucellosis reported that their last occurrence of the disease, on average, was 7.03 ± 5.83 years ago.Livestock breeders had moderate knowledge levels (mean score = 17.13) and positive attitudes (mean score = 3.86) towards Brucellosis prevention, but their practice level was relatively low (mean score = 15.9). Significant differences were observed in awareness (p-value <0.001), attitude (p-value = 0.03), and practice (p-value <0.001) scores between those who had undergone previous prevention measures compared to those who did not. Participants with a higher education level had higher awareness, attitude, and practice scores. An analysis of variance test (ANOVA) showed that job level had a significant effect on awareness (p-value <0.001) and practice (p-value <0.001) scores, with free jobs having higher scores than other jobs. Findings suggest that Iranian livestock breeders have insufficient knowledge about Brucellosis prevention despite positive attitudes and practices. To prevent the spread of Brucellosis, it is necessary to increase awareness and educate livestock breeders about preventive measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"5 10","pages":"e0004693"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12507205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted vaccination is effective for mpox clade Ib in England despite increased household transmission: Predictions from a modelling study.","authors":"Ellen Brooks-Pollock, Leon Danon","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005188","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mpox is an emerging infectious disease with increasing global relevance. In 2024, a new clade, mpox clade Ib, was associated with high household attack rates and case fatality, raising concerns about sustained human-to-human transmission outside endemic areas. We developed and applied an individual-based probabilistic framework for mpox incorporating sexual and household contact patterns using data from the National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles 3 (NATSAL3). Individual and population-level reproduction numbers were estimated using setting-specific secondary attack rates. Vaccination impact was assessed across scenarios varying household attack rates, vaccine effectiveness, and distribution strategies. We predict that fewer than 3 out of 100 individuals generated more than one secondary case of clade Ib in England, with a population reproduction number of 0.69 (95%CI 0.66 - 0.71). Individuals reporting both same-sex and opposite sexual contact disproportionately contributed to transmission potential. Increasing household secondary attack rates led to modest increases in the population reproduction number due to individuals with the highest reproduction numbers having lower than average numbers of household contacts. Targeted vaccination, focused on individuals with higher numbers of sexual contacts, consistently outperformed non-targeted strategies, requiring lower vaccine coverage to achieve control even under elevated household transmission. Vaccine effectiveness against infection and onward transmission critically influenced the success of vaccination programs. Despite higher household transmission risks, targeted vaccination remains an effective strategy for controlling mpox clade Ib in England. Transmission dynamics are strongly shaped by underlying contact structures, emphasizing the importance of network-informed interventions. Rapid, network-informed models can provide valuable early guidance for emerging infectious diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"5 10","pages":"e0005188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12507221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145254014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Laboratory readiness and genomic surveillance of Covid-19 in the capital of Brazil.","authors":"Fabrício Vieira Cavalcante, Christina Pacheco Santos Martin, Gustavo Saraiva Frio, Rodrigo Guerino Stabeli, Leonor Maria Pacheco Santos","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005299","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003289.].</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"5 10","pages":"pgph.0005299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12507213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early warning signals do not predict a warming-induced experimental epidemic.","authors":"Madeline Jarvis-Cross, Devin Kirk, Leila Krichel, Pepijn Luijckx, Péter K Molnár, Martin Krkošek","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005142","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change can impact the rates at which parasites are transmitted between hosts, ultimately determining if and when an epidemic will emerge. As such, our ability to predict climate-mediated epidemic emergence will become increasingly important in our efforts to prepare for and mitigate the effects of disease outbreaks on ecological systems and global public health. Theory suggests that statistical signatures termed \"early warning signals\" (EWS), can function as predictors of epidemic emergence. While a number of works report post hoc detections of EWS of epidemic emergence, the theory has yet to be experimentally tested. Here, we analyse experimental and simulated time series of disease spread within populations of the model disease system Daphnia magna-Ordospora colligata for EWS of climate-mediated epidemic emergence. In this system, low temperatures prevent disease emergence, while sufficiently high temperatures force the system through a critical transition to an epidemic state. We found that EWS of epidemic emergence were nearly as likely to be detected in populations maintained at a sub-epidemic temperature as they were to be detected in populations subjected to a warming treatment that induced epidemic spread. Our findings suggest that the detection of false positives may limit the reliability and utility of EWS as predictors of climate-mediated epidemic emergence.</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"5 10","pages":"e0005142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12507300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Provider costs of professional COVID-19 rapid antigen testing in low-income settings.","authors":"Collin Mangenah, Lucky G Ngwira, Obinna Ekwunife, Linda Sande, Gabrielle Bonnet, Progress Chiwawa, Linea Mashoko, Desiderata Nkhoma, Norah Mwase, Elvis Isere, Itai Kabonga, Constancia Watadzaushe, Rudo Chinoruma, Yasmin Dunkley, Augustine Choko, John S Bimba, Brian Maponga, Noah Taruberekera, Euphemia Sibanda, Frances M Cowan, Karin Hatzold, Elizabeth L Corbett, Gabrielle Bonnet","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005251","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>World Health Organization recommends antigen rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) as point of care tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in suspected outbreaks when polymerase-chain-reaction testing is not accessible; to trace the extent of outbreaks; and in areas with widespread community transmission. Annual economic costs were estimated for professional SARS-CoV-2 testing as part of several COVID-19 testing use cases in Malawi, Nigeria and Zimbabwe. Symptom screening and antigen-based RDT was implemented as part of a multi-country, Unitaid/STAR 3ACP (Africa, Asia, America COVID-19 Prevention) funded project (April 2022-June 2023). Testing services were provided through trained health providers in outpatient departments of primary care facilities (Malawi and Nigeria) and two primary non governmental organisation (NGO) use cases separately targeting key population (KP) and the general population in Zimbabwe. Combined financial expenditure analysis and on-site micro-costing took the provider/health system perspective in 2025 US$. Per test average costs were $9.73 (range across sites: $5.49-$29.90) in Malawi, $13.99 ($11.64-US$18) in Nigeria and $10.11 ($4.19-$209.09) and $19.98 ($10.76-$56.40) in Zimbabwe for general population and key population clinics respectively. Average costs per positive case identified were $521 ($61-$800) in Malawi; $1,118 ($202.66-$4,804.45) in Nigeria; and $1,125 ($336-$ 1,762) and $187 ($161-$ 1,272) in Zimbabwe. Major cost contributors were test kits in Malawi, test kits and building (consultation room space costs) and storage in Nigeria and personnel and training in Zimbabwe. Excluding above site level costs, the average cost per SARS-CoV-2 test was $9.73 in Malawi, $13.99 in Nigeria and $10.70 and $9.79 in Zimbabwe. Integrating COVID-19 testing into existing sites can reach people at high risk of severe illness at a reasonable cost. For resource-limited settings where programmes are threatened by low fiscal space, costs might be reduced when scaling up, through greater spreading of startup and capital costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"5 10","pages":"e0005251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12507259/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children, caregivers and health workers' perceptions and experiences of the XTEMP-R tool to improve tuberculosis treatment.","authors":"Dillon T Wademan, Willdon J Filander, Mfundo Mlomzale, Ntokozo Sibisi, Cyril Thwala, Phumlani Memela, Nosivuyile Vanqa, Megan Palmer, Tina Sachs, Munira Khan, Rajneesh Taneja, Poonam Pande, Koteswara Rao Inabathina, Anneke C Hesseling, Anthony J Garcia-Prats, Graeme Hoddinott","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005269","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Treating drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in children remains a significant challenge for patients, caregivers, and health systems, despite advances in child-friendly drug formulations. While new formulations offer benefits, their widespread availability is limited, and many exhibit poor palatability. A key strategy to improve administration and mask the taste of paediatric TB medications involves creating extemporaneous suspensions. However, this often requires pharmaceutical services not readily available in high-burden settings. To address this, the Global Alliance for TB Drug Development (TB Alliance) developed XTEMP-R, an inexpensive prototype tool designed to facilitate home-based preparation of liquid TB medication suspensions. This study explored the experiences and perceptions of children, their caregivers, and health workers regarding the XTEMP-R tool for preparing extemporaneous DR-TB treatment suspensions. We collected qualitative data from two sites in South Africa. The first component involved interviews with 17 caregivers and 12 health workers, followed by focus group discussions, with participants directly interacting with the XTEMP-R tool. The second component comprised 31 interviews with 11 caregivers of 13 children who used the XTEMP-R tool for home administration. Case descriptions were iteratively refined and analyzed using deductive thematic analysis. Findings indicate that children, caregivers, and health workers found the XTEMP-R tool easy to use, clean, and store, appreciating its appealing color and durability. Home users reported that the tool simplified treatment preparation and administration, reducing time and relational burdens associated with DR-TB treatment. While XTEMP-R effectively addressed usability challenges related to drug preparation, fundamental obstacles concerning medication palatability, nausea, and side effects remain significant barriers. Importantly, the tool appeared to foster increased treatment responsibility among some children, suggesting a potential pathway to improve therapeutic engagement and agency. This research underscores the XTEMP-R tool's potential to ease paediatric DR-TB treatment and highlights crucial areas for design refinement, ultimately aiming to enhance adherence and overall outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"5 10","pages":"e0005269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12507288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}