PLOS global public health最新文献

{"title":"Iranian livestock breeders' knowledge, attitude, practice, and behavioral determinants related to brucellosis prevention.","authors":"Farhad Bahadori, Fazlollah Ghofranipour, Fatemeh Zarei, Saeideh Ghaffarifar, Reza Ziaei","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0004693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0004693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that affects animals and humans. Its transmission to humans occurs through various routes such as consumption of infected animal products or unprotected close contact with secretions or different parts of live or dead infected animals. This study aims to report Iranian livestock breeders' awareness, attitude, practice, and behavioral determinants related to Brucellosis prevention. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 among 450 livestock breeders in Beyraq, a suburb of Tabriz city. The Brucellosis Prevention Questionnaire (BPQ) was used to collect data. Statistical analysis performed using SPSS-23. The BPQ, consisting of 53 items, had acceptable psychometric properties (Content Validity Index = 0.90, Content Validity Ratio = 0.74, Impact Score = 4.30, Intra-class Correlation Coefficient = 0.885, Composite Reliability = 0.895, and Standard Error of Measurement = 5.448). The study surveyed 450 livestock breeders, with an average age of 51.68 ± 16.4 years.. Participants with a history of brucellosis reported that their last occurrence of the disease, on average, was 7.03 ± 5.83 years ago.Livestock breeders had moderate knowledge levels (mean score = 17.13) and positive attitudes (mean score = 3.86) towards Brucellosis prevention, but their practice level was relatively low (mean score = 15.9). Significant differences were observed in awareness (p-value <0.001), attitude (p-value = 0.03), and practice (p-value <0.001) scores between those who had undergone previous prevention measures compared to those who did not. Participants with a higher education level had higher awareness, attitude, and practice scores. An analysis of variance test (ANOVA) showed that job level had a significant effect on awareness (p-value <0.001) and practice (p-value <0.001) scores, with free jobs having higher scores than other jobs. Findings suggest that Iranian livestock breeders have insufficient knowledge about Brucellosis prevention despite positive attitudes and practices. To prevent the spread of Brucellosis, it is necessary to increase awareness and educate livestock breeders about preventive measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"5 10","pages":"e0004693"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted vaccination is effective for mpox clade Ib in England despite increased household transmission: Predictions from a modelling study.","authors":"Ellen Brooks-Pollock, Leon Danon","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0005188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mpox is an emerging infectious disease with increasing global relevance. In 2024, a new clade, mpox clade Ib, was associated with high household attack rates and case fatality, raising concerns about sustained human-to-human transmission outside endemic areas. We developed and applied an individual-based probabilistic framework for mpox incorporating sexual and household contact patterns using data from the National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles 3 (NATSAL3). Individual and population-level reproduction numbers were estimated using setting-specific secondary attack rates. Vaccination impact was assessed across scenarios varying household attack rates, vaccine effectiveness, and distribution strategies. We predict that fewer than 3 out of 100 individuals generated more than one secondary case of clade Ib in England, with a population reproduction number of 0.69 (95%CI 0.66 - 0.71). Individuals reporting both same-sex and opposite sexual contact disproportionately contributed to transmission potential. Increasing household secondary attack rates led to modest increases in the population reproduction number due to individuals with the highest reproduction numbers having lower than average numbers of household contacts. Targeted vaccination, focused on individuals with higher numbers of sexual contacts, consistently outperformed non-targeted strategies, requiring lower vaccine coverage to achieve control even under elevated household transmission. Vaccine effectiveness against infection and onward transmission critically influenced the success of vaccination programs. Despite higher household transmission risks, targeted vaccination remains an effective strategy for controlling mpox clade Ib in England. Transmission dynamics are strongly shaped by underlying contact structures, emphasizing the importance of network-informed interventions. Rapid, network-informed models can provide valuable early guidance for emerging infectious diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"5 10","pages":"e0005188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145254014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Laboratory readiness and genomic surveillance of Covid-19 in the capital of Brazil.","authors":"Fabrício Vieira Cavalcante, Christina Pacheco Santos Martin, Gustavo Saraiva Frio, Rodrigo Guerino Stabeli, Leonor Maria Pacheco Santos","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0005299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003289.].</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"5 10","pages":"pgph.0005299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early warning signals do not predict a warming-induced experimental epidemic.","authors":"Madeline Jarvis-Cross, Devin Kirk, Leila Krichel, Pepijn Luijckx, Péter K Molnár, Martin Krkošek","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0005142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change can impact the rates at which parasites are transmitted between hosts, ultimately determining if and when an epidemic will emerge. As such, our ability to predict climate-mediated epidemic emergence will become increasingly important in our efforts to prepare for and mitigate the effects of disease outbreaks on ecological systems and global public health. Theory suggests that statistical signatures termed \"early warning signals\" (EWS), can function as predictors of epidemic emergence. While a number of works report post hoc detections of EWS of epidemic emergence, the theory has yet to be experimentally tested. Here, we analyse experimental and simulated time series of disease spread within populations of the model disease system Daphnia magna-Ordospora colligata for EWS of climate-mediated epidemic emergence. In this system, low temperatures prevent disease emergence, while sufficiently high temperatures force the system through a critical transition to an epidemic state. We found that EWS of epidemic emergence were nearly as likely to be detected in populations maintained at a sub-epidemic temperature as they were to be detected in populations subjected to a warming treatment that induced epidemic spread. Our findings suggest that the detection of false positives may limit the reliability and utility of EWS as predictors of climate-mediated epidemic emergence.</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"5 10","pages":"e0005142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Provider costs of professional COVID-19 rapid antigen testing in low-income settings.","authors":"Collin Mangenah, Lucky G Ngwira, Obinna Ekwunife, Linda Sande, Gabrielle Bonnet, Progress Chiwawa, Linea Mashoko, Desiderata Nkhoma, Norah Mwase, Elvis Isere, Itai Kabonga, Constancia Watadzaushe, Rudo Chinoruma, Yasmin Dunkley, Augustine Choko, John S Bimba, Brian Maponga, Noah Taruberekera, Euphemia Sibanda, Frances M Cowan, Karin Hatzold, Elizabeth L Corbett, Gabrielle Bonnet","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0005251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>World Health Organization recommends antigen rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) as point of care tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in suspected outbreaks when polymerase-chain-reaction testing is not accessible; to trace the extent of outbreaks; and in areas with widespread community transmission. Annual economic costs were estimated for professional SARS-CoV-2 testing as part of several COVID-19 testing use cases in Malawi, Nigeria and Zimbabwe. Symptom screening and antigen-based RDT was implemented as part of a multi-country, Unitaid/STAR 3ACP (Africa, Asia, America COVID-19 Prevention) funded project (April 2022-June 2023). Testing services were provided through trained health providers in outpatient departments of primary care facilities (Malawi and Nigeria) and two primary non governmental organisation (NGO) use cases separately targeting key population (KP) and the general population in Zimbabwe. Combined financial expenditure analysis and on-site micro-costing took the provider/health system perspective in 2025 US$. Per test average costs were $9.73 (range across sites: $5.49-$29.90) in Malawi, $13.99 ($11.64-US$18) in Nigeria and $10.11 ($4.19-$209.09) and $19.98 ($10.76-$56.40) in Zimbabwe for general population and key population clinics respectively. Average costs per positive case identified were $521 ($61-$800) in Malawi; $1,118 ($202.66-$4,804.45) in Nigeria; and $1,125 ($336-$ 1,762) and $187 ($161-$ 1,272) in Zimbabwe. Major cost contributors were test kits in Malawi, test kits and building (consultation room space costs) and storage in Nigeria and personnel and training in Zimbabwe. Excluding above site level costs, the average cost per SARS-CoV-2 test was $9.73 in Malawi, $13.99 in Nigeria and $10.70 and $9.79 in Zimbabwe. Integrating COVID-19 testing into existing sites can reach people at high risk of severe illness at a reasonable cost. For resource-limited settings where programmes are threatened by low fiscal space, costs might be reduced when scaling up, through greater spreading of startup and capital costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"5 10","pages":"e0005251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children, caregivers and health workers' perceptions and experiences of the XTEMP-R tool to improve tuberculosis treatment.","authors":"Dillon T Wademan, Willdon J Filander, Mfundo Mlomzale, Ntokozo Sibisi, Cyril Thwala, Phumlani Memela, Nosivuyile Vanqa, Megan Palmer, Tina Sachs, Munira Khan, Rajneesh Taneja, Poonam Pande, Koteswara Rao Inabathina, Anneke C Hesseling, Anthony J Garcia-Prats, Graeme Hoddinott","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0005269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Treating drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in children remains a significant challenge for patients, caregivers, and health systems, despite advances in child-friendly drug formulations. While new formulations offer benefits, their widespread availability is limited, and many exhibit poor palatability. A key strategy to improve administration and mask the taste of paediatric TB medications involves creating extemporaneous suspensions. However, this often requires pharmaceutical services not readily available in high-burden settings. To address this, the Global Alliance for TB Drug Development (TB Alliance) developed XTEMP-R, an inexpensive prototype tool designed to facilitate home-based preparation of liquid TB medication suspensions. This study explored the experiences and perceptions of children, their caregivers, and health workers regarding the XTEMP-R tool for preparing extemporaneous DR-TB treatment suspensions. We collected qualitative data from two sites in South Africa. The first component involved interviews with 17 caregivers and 12 health workers, followed by focus group discussions, with participants directly interacting with the XTEMP-R tool. The second component comprised 31 interviews with 11 caregivers of 13 children who used the XTEMP-R tool for home administration. Case descriptions were iteratively refined and analyzed using deductive thematic analysis. Findings indicate that children, caregivers, and health workers found the XTEMP-R tool easy to use, clean, and store, appreciating its appealing color and durability. Home users reported that the tool simplified treatment preparation and administration, reducing time and relational burdens associated with DR-TB treatment. While XTEMP-R effectively addressed usability challenges related to drug preparation, fundamental obstacles concerning medication palatability, nausea, and side effects remain significant barriers. Importantly, the tool appeared to foster increased treatment responsibility among some children, suggesting a potential pathway to improve therapeutic engagement and agency. This research underscores the XTEMP-R tool's potential to ease paediatric DR-TB treatment and highlights crucial areas for design refinement, ultimately aiming to enhance adherence and overall outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"5 10","pages":"e0005269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What combination of interventions can optimise HIV prevention for adolescent girls and young women? Cohort analysis of DREAMS participation in urban and rural Kenya.","authors":"Faith Magut, Sarah Mulwa, Annabelle Gourlay, Vivienne Kamire, Jane Osindo, Elvis O A Wambiya, Moses Otieno, Elona Toska, Jane Ferguson, Brendan Maughan-Brown, Daniel Kwaro, Abdhalah Ziraba, Isolde Birdthistle, Sian Floyd","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005272","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Comprehensive intervention packages are recommended to address multiple sources of HIV risk for adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). DREAMS is a multi-component HIV prevention program designed to reduce HIV incidence among AGYW. We conducted a prospective cohort study among AGYW aged 13-22 years, randomly selected in rural Gem and urban Nairobi informal settlements followed from 2017/2018-2019. AGYW were classified into three groups: (1) invited to DREAMS and received a \"complete\" package, (2) invited and received a \"partial\" package, or (3) not invited to DREAMS. We defined the \"complete\" package as 4-5 primary interventions in Gem and 5 in Nairobi: the \"partial\" package as 3 specific interventions in Gem and any 3-4 interventions in Nairobi. We used propensity score-adjusted logistic regression to estimate the causal effect of DREAMS on outcomes under three counterfactual scenarios: all AGYW accessed the complete package, all accessed a partial package, or none were invited. In Nairobi, 1081 AGYW were enrolled. By 2019, 26% accessed the complete package and 32% accessed the partial package. Among those receiving the complete package, there was increase in HIV status knowledge(24.8% [95%CI:16.4,32.6]),social support(13.9% [95%CI:3.3,23.6]) and self-efficacy(10.3% [95%CI:0.5,20.4]) and a decrease in the proportion with ≥2 lifetime partners(-8.0% [95%CI:-15.9,0.0]). In Gem, 1171 AGYW were enrolled. By 2019, 24% received the complete package and 21% received the partial package. We found evidence of an increase in HIV status knowledge(10.0% [95%CI:4.5,15.2]), social support(27.2% [95%CI:19.2,35.5]) and a decrease in condomless sex(-9.1% [95%CI:-13.6,-4.1]), and the proportion with ≥2 lifetime partners(-7.6% [95%CI:-12.4,-2.2]) for the complete package. Among those receiving the partial package, there was a decrease in condomless sex(-12.2% [95%CI: -17.0,-6.4]), and an increase in self-efficacy(8.0% [95%CI:0.0,17]). A package of 4-5 primary DREAMS interventions had positive impacts on multiple HIV-related outcomes in both settings. A partial package was effective in Gem, but not in Nairobi, suggesting the need for context-specific intervention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"5 10","pages":"e0005272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global variation of low bone mineral density in special olympics adult athletes with intellectual and developmental disability-A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Mary Pittaway, John P Hanley, Andrew E Lincoln, Alicia M Dixon-Ibarra, John T Foley","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005125","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) face a high risk of low bone mineral density (LBMD), a key osteoporosis indicator, yet global data remains limited. Understanding LBMD prevalence among adults with IDD is crucial for targeted public health interventions. This study examines LBMD variations in Special Olympics athletes, stratified by age, sex, and World Health Organization (WHO) global region, and explores bone mineral density (BMD) levels achieved during peak bone mass (PBM) age (20-29 years). This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 25,868 Special Olympics athletes (20 + years) screened in Healthy Athletes between 2011-2023. BMD testing was conducted by licensed clinicians, and institutional review board approval was obtained to use this deidentified data. BMD was assessed via Quantitative Ultrasound, and WHO criteria classified T-score status. LBMD prevalence (<-1.0 T-score) was examined across age, sex, and global regions. Chi-square, rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals, and binomial logistic regression were calculated to analyze LBMD and PBM across age, WHO regions, and sex. Overall, 26.9% had LBMD, with similar prevalence in males (27.3%) and females (26.3%). LBMD increased annually by 1.43% in males and 2.50% in females. Highest LBMD prevalence was seen in Eastern Mediterranean females (52.4%) and Southeast Asian males (48.7%) and females (45.5%). Alarmingly, 54.9% failed to achieve optimal BMD (≥0.0) before age 30, with 24.4% of 20-29-year-olds already having LBMD. These findings highlight the need for early interventions, including nutrition, weight-bearing exercise, and routine screening, to improve bone health and reduce healthcare costs in adults with IDD. Policymakers must prioritize bone health initiatives to address disparities and enhance lifelong skeletal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"5 10","pages":"e0005125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effects of air cushions on body pressure distribution and thermal insulation in evacuation shelters: A randomized controlled crossover study.","authors":"Seiji Hamanishi, Shinsuke Sasaki","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005259","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In large-scale disasters such as the anticipated Nankai Trough Earthquake, millions of evacuees are expected to remain in shelters, often sleeping on cold, hard floors in classrooms and gymnasiums, contributing to musculoskeletal pain and sleep disruption. While cardboard beds have been employed since the Great East Japan Earthquake due to their rapid mass-production capability, municipalities are not required to stockpile them, and many were unable to provide sufficient quantities during the Kumamoto Earthquake. Furthermore, the large size and weight of these beds complicate timely delivery, and their use alone provides only limited body pressure distribution. Consequently, there is concern that large-scale disasters will result in a severe shortage of appropriate bedding. This study aimed to determine whether air cushions can provide sufficient body pressure distribution and thermal insulation to serve as practical floor mats in evacuation shelters. Twenty healthy adults were enrolled in this randomized controlled crossover trial. Participants were instructed to lie on an air cushion, a urethane pad, and a plastic sheet, during which body pressure distribution was evaluated. Subjective perceptions of firmness and comfort were assessed using a numeric rating scale, and thermal insulation properties were evaluated by measuring surface temperature changes when each material was placed over a cooling gel pack. Compared with plastic sheets, the air cushion reduced mean body pressure by over 20% and increased contact area by more than 30%, with improvements exceeding those observed for urethane pads. Participants rated air cushions as significantly less firm and more comfortable than urethane pads. The air cushion also demonstrated thermal insulation comparable to urethane pads. These findings suggest that air cushions could serve as practical emergency floor mats in evacuation shelters, complementing cardboard beds and potentially reducing musculoskeletal strain and sleep disturbances in disaster settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"5 10","pages":"e0005259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12500142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of stroke in young adults in the Middle East and North Africa Region: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Salma Hegazi, Roaa Aly, Duaa Yousif, Salma Al-Nuaimi, Amgad Mohammed Elshoeibi, Elhassan Mahmoud, Abdalla Moustafa Elsayed, Tawanda Chivese","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0004666","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0004666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Registration: </strong>The protocol for this systematic review and meta-analysis was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the registration ID. CRD42024504772.</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"5 10","pages":"e0004666"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12500109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}