PLOS global public health最新文献

{"title":"Correction: Top ten research priorities for Essential Emergency and Critical Care: A modified Delphi process.","authors":"Ryan Rhys Ellis, Wurry Ayuningtyas, Alexandra Wharton Smith, Martin Gerdin Wärnberg, Carl Otto Schell, Tim Baker","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0007403","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0007403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0005262.].</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"6 9","pages":"e0007403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13623107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Relationship of rotating-shift work with lifestyle and health status of hospital employees.","authors":"Maria Antonia Alou-Soler, Aina M Galmes-Panades, Ángel Arturo López-González, Aina M Yañez, Miquel Bennasar-Veny","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0007404","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0007404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0006956.].</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"6 9","pages":"e0007404"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13623138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards gender parity: An analysis of leadership management teams in Tanzania's health sector.","authors":"Henry Mollel, Sara Dada, Anosisye Kesale, Brynne Gilmore, Eilish McAuliffe, Magreth Thadei Mwakilasa, Ntuli Kapologwe, Ziada Sellah, Agnes Mpinga","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0006813","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0006813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Women constitute the majority of the health workforce globally and in Tanzania, yet remain underrepresented in leadership roles, particularly at higher levels. Despite national commitments to gender equality and various supportive policies, analysis of gender representation in health sector leadership in Tanzania is limited. This study presents the analysis of gender representation in leadership across three healthcare levels of Tanzania's health system, Regional Health Management Teams (RHMTs), Council Health Management Teams (CHMTs), and Health Facility Management Teams (HFMTs). This study used secondary data collected by a government ministry in 2022 from 20 out of 26 regions of mainland Tanzania, representing over two-thirds of the country's regions. The analysis examined 9,120 leadership positions. Descriptive statistics were done using Excel. Results show that while gender representation is nearing parity overall for less powerful roles, notable disparities remain based on role and level of seniority. The highest proportion of women is found in HFMTs at 48.9%, followed by a decline at the CHMTs level to 41.5%, and further to 39.5% in the RHMTs. This trend is similarly evident in leadership roles such as Medical Officers In-Charge, where women represent 29.8% at the HFMT level, but their presence drops to 17.6% among District Medical Officers and just 11.1% among Regional Medical Officers. Gender representation also varies geographically and by facility type, with lower-level facilities generally showing more equitable gender distributions. The findings reflect the ongoing need for gender-transformative leadership strategies, including targeted mentorship, equitable promotion practices, and inclusive workplace cultures.</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"6 9","pages":"e0006813"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13623133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polypharmacy and quality of life in Yemeni cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Sayida Al-Jamei, Haneen Al-Ansi, Malak Albiel, Enas Al-Awadhi, Shaima Jihad, Amal Noman, Fadwa Alhayani, Rehab Alarhabi","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0006281","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0006281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polypharmacy is common among cancer patients receiving chemotherapy due to the need for multiple supportive medications. This study assessed the prevalence of non-oncological polypharmacy and its association with quality of life (QoL) among adult cancer patients in Yemen. A cross-sectional study was conducted between 1st December 2025 and 23rd February 2026 at the National Oncology Centre in Sana'a, Yemen. Adult patients (≥18 years) receiving chemotherapy were recruited using convenience sampling. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and medical record review. Polypharmacy was defined as the use of ≥5 non-oncological medications and excessive polypharmacy as ≥10 medications. QoL was assessed using the Arabic version of the EORTC QLQ-C30. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, independent-sample t-tests, and multiple linear regression using IBM SPSS Statistics version 27. Among 234 participants, 63.2% were female and 47.6% were aged 31-50 years. Polypharmacy was highly prevalent: 94.9% used ≥5 non-oncological medications and 56.4% ≥ 10. Mean global QoL was 47.9 (SD 26.7). Patients reported substantial financial difficulties (mean 82.3), fatigue (61.1), and pain (59.6). QoL did not differ significantly between excessive polypharmacy groups (mean difference -3.35; 95% CI -10.58 to 3.87; p = 0.361). In multivariable analyses, female gender independently predicted lower QoL (B = -10.13; 95% CI: -18.19 to -2.07; p = 0.014) and higher non-oncological medication use (B = 1.18; 95% CI: 0.25 to 2.10; p = 0.013). Age ≥ 51 years and illiteracy showed borderline associations with lower QoL, while all other variables, including excessive polypharmacy (≥10 non-oncological medications), were not significantly associated with QoL. Non-oncological Polypharmacy is highly prevalent among Yemeni cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Although medication burden was substantial, it was not independently associated with QoL, whereas female gender predicted poorer outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"6 9","pages":"e0006281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13618909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodologies for studying depression in persons with tuberculosis: A scoping review.","authors":"Amanda J Gupta, Patricia Turimumahoro, Fulera Salami, Ayden Brennan, David Jacoby, Sheeba Ibidunni, Lori Rosman, Jonathan E Golub, David W Dowdy","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0007388","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0007388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression is prevalent among people with tuberculosis (PWTB) and negatively affects diagnosis, treatment adherence, and clinical outcomes. However, the methodological approaches used to study depression among PWTB have not been systematically mapped. This scoping review aimed to evaluate methodologies used to study depression among PWTB and identify gaps in methodological approaches. We conducted a systematic scoping review following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Nine databases were searched without date restrictions. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts. Inclusion criteria included primary, peer-reviewed, research studies that examined depression among PWTB, and reported outcomes related to TB and depression. Data were extracted on study characteristics, TB population, depression measurement tools, treatment approaches, and implementation considerations. Findings were organized using Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. A total of 184 studies met inclusion criteria. Research was dominated by cross-sectional designs (65%), with fewer cohort studies (17%) and only eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs, 4%). The RCTs primarily evaluated psychological interventions that demonstrated modest improvements in depressive symptoms or TB-related outcomes. Depression was overwhelmingly assessed using screening tools with only 28 studies (15%) using a diagnostic interview or clinical criteria. None evaluated accuracy of any screening or diagnostic tool. Studies were geographically clustered, with more than one-third conducted in India or China. Implementation barriers to integrated TB and depression care included workforce shortages and stigma; facilitators included task-shifting and embedding screening into routine workflows. No studies reported on maintenance or long-term sustainability of depression care within TB programs. Existing research on depression among PWTB is largely cross-sectional, relies heavily on screening tools, and rarely evaluates interventions or their sustainability. Expanding population and geographic coverage, incorporating longitudinal designs and diagnostic evaluation, and strengthening implementation and maintenance research are critical for developing sustainable, integrated approaches to depression care within TB services.</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"6 9","pages":"e0007388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13618889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High burden of depressive symptoms among sexual and gender diverse persons in Brazil: The role of discrimination, internalized homonegativity, and race.","authors":"Caroline Guimarães, Paula Mendes Luz, Carolina Coutinho, Emilia M Jalil, Cristina M Jalil, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Valdilea Gonçalves Veloso, Lucilene Araújo Freitas, Thiago Silva Torres","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0007276","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0007276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sexual and gender diverse (SGD) populations have historically faced restricted rights and systematic discrimination for deviating from the established hetero-cis-normative norms. This long-standing marginalization has a profound negative impact on health outcomes, including a heightened risk of developing mental health issues, such as depression. Understanding the health-disease process among SGD populations requires recognizing that discriminatory experiences, such as homophobia and transphobia, are not unidimensional, but operate synergistically with layered forms of discrimination, such as racism. We assessed depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) among SGD persons in Brazil using race as a stratification variable. We also evaluated the role of discrimination and internalized homonegativity on depressive symptoms, while adjusting for covariates. This was a cross-sectional online survey recruiting SGD persons aged 18 years or older, living in Brazil, through dating apps and social media. Overall, 6220 participants were included, 3749 (60.3%) White, 1685 (27.1%) Pardo and 786 (12.6%) Black. Mean scores of depressive symptoms was 8.8 (SD7.1), higher among Black (9.6; SD 7.5) and Pardo (9.3; SD 7.2) than White (8.4; SD7.0) (p < 0.0001). Considering a PHQ-9 cut-off of ≥10 points, more Black and Pardo participants reported depressive symptoms than White participants (38.5%, 38.1%; 32.3%, respectively). In multivariable linear regression models, higher discrimination score and younger age were associated with higher scores of depressive symptoms for all races. Additionally, internalized homonegativity and lower income were associated with higher depressive symptoms scores for Pardo and White, but not for Black participants. To effectively address vulnerability to depression among SGD populations, it is essential to establish approaches that consider the intersections between different forms of oppression. This includes policies that tackle racism, homophobia, and transphobia, as well as investment in accessible mental health services.</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"6 9","pages":"e0007276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13618917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity interventions for cardiometabolic and psychosocial outcomes in people living with HIV in sub Saharan Africa: A systematic review.","authors":"Smart Z Mabweazara, Jennifer Manne-Goehler, Mark Hamer, Jacqueline Cellini, Takshita Sookan, Lisa K Micklesfield, Mark J Siedner","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0007070","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0007070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has extended the lifespan of people living with HIV (PWH), resulting in a growing burden of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) associated with chronic HIV infection and the effects of ART. Physical activity (PA) may reduce CMD risk while improving psychosocial health among PWH. We systematically reviewed the efficacy of PA interventions for improving cardiometabolic and psychosocial outcomes among PWH in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA). Web of Science, PubMed, African Index Medicus, Embase, and CINAHL were searched from inception to 10 August 2023 for randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies published from 2000 onwards involving adults with HIV in sSA. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale and Downs and Black checklist, and findings were synthesised narratively. Seventeen studies involving 1,130 participants met the inclusion criteria and generally demonstrated good methodological quality. Most participants were female (51%), and all studies included PWH receiving ART. Interventions included aerobic exercise (n = 8), resistance exercise (n = 3), combined aerobic and resistance exercise (n = 5), while one study did not report exercise modality. Intervention durations ranged from 6 weeks to 12 months. Nearly all studies reported improvements in cardiometabolic outcomes, including blood pressure, lipids, body mass index, body fat percentage, and waist circumference, and/or psychosocial outcomes, including depression, anxiety, self-efficacy and quality of life. Two studies assessing PA outcomes reported significant improvements in step count and metabolic equivalents per week. Limitations included small sample sizes and generally short post-intervention follow-up, limiting assessment of sustained benefits and cardiovascular events. PA interventions may therefore be a valuable addition to standard HIV care in sSA. Future research should identify optimal exercise modalities, duration, and intensity and develop feasible, context-sensitive, scalable interventions, particularly for resource-constrained and underserved populations.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42021271937.</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"6 9","pages":"e0007070"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13618956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early impact of the Liberian National Community Health Assistant Program on under-five mortality in Grand Bassa County: A non-randomized stepped wedge evaluation.","authors":"Hawa I Obaje, Emily E White, Mardieh Dennis, Dominik Jockers, Till Bärnighausen, Avi Kenny, Jeffrey W Rozelle, Robert G Karlay, Savior F Mendin, Lekilay G Tehmeh, Brittney Varpilah, Ben Grant, Marion Subah, Richard Harris, S Olasford Wiah, Nelson Dunbar, C Sanford Wesseh, Lisa R Hirschhorn, Mark J Siedner, John D Kraemer","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005681","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liberia instituted a National Community Health Assistant Program (NCHAP) to increase primary healthcare access for residents living >5 km from health facilities. We evaluated the impact of this program on under-five mortality in rural Grand Bassa County as it was rolled out, between 2018 and 2022. The program was implemented in a stepped manner two districts at-a-time across Grand Bassa County from 2018 to 2022, allowing for a quasi-experimental observational stepped-wedge impact evaluation. We conducted a household census in 2022 to collect birth and death histories from all mothers in the program catchment area. We fitted mixed-effects Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the relative hazard of death among children <5 in the before- and under-intervention periods. We also compared data from the 2022 survey with a 2018 baseline household survey to estimate changes in care-seeking and healthcare service delivery coverage. We surveyed 22,315 female respondents about 32,743 children <5 who contributed person-time to the analysis. We found no difference in <5 mortality between the before- and under-intervention periods (unadjusted U5MR under intervention was higher at 62.0 versus 56.3 deaths per live births; adjusted hazard ratio 1.03 (95%CI 0.82-1.31). Care-seeking from a qualified healthcare provider for fever, diarrhea, or acute respiratory infection increased (27.0% to 53.7%; p < 0.001); and care-seeking decreased from drugstores (16.4% to 4.9%, p < 0.001) and black-market providers (42.4% to 22.7%, p < 0.001). Full vaccination among 12-23-month-olds decreased (16.2% in 2018 to 3.5% in 2022 (p < 0.001)) while facility-based delivery increased (41.0% to 57.1% (p < 0.001)). We detected no reduction in under-five mortality during initial implementation of the national CHA program in one Liberian county. Coverage of childhood treatment for high-priority conditions improved, and we observed a shift in care-seeking to trained providers. These results suggest potential program benefits, but additional interventions, some of which are already underway, will be needed to reduce under-five mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"6 9","pages":"e0005681"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13618949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peer-led sexual and reproductive health education and risky sexual behavior among adolescent girls and young women in rural Uganda: A quasi-experimental pre-post study.","authors":"Alimah Komuhangi, Saidi Appeli, Jonathan Izudi","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0006165","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0006165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescent girls and young women face significant sexual and reproductive health (SRH) challenges. This study assessed the preliminary effectiveness of a community-based, peer-led SRH education intervention on risky sexual behaviors and comprehensive SRH knowledge among adolescent girls and young women aged 15-24 years in Moroto District, northeastern Uganda. From October 2024 to January 2025, we conducted a pre-post quasi-experiment study without a comparison group across six villages. Participants were selected through a multi-stage sampling approach and assessed at the baseline. They subsequently received the community-based peer-led SRH education intervention, with each participant serving as their own control in the absence of a comparison group. Risky sexual behavior was the primary outcome, and comprehensive SRH knowledge was the secondary outcome, both measured on a binary scale. The intervention effect was assessed using a generalized estimating equation with a Poisson distribution, log link function, and exchangeable correlation structure. We reported adjusted risk ratios (aRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Of 389 participants who completed both the pre- and post-intervention evaluation, the mean ages were comparable (19.29 ± 2.94 years vs. 19.31 ± 2.91 years; p = 0.922, respectively). After the intervention, there was a significant decline in the proportion of participants who engaged in risky sexual behavior (57.1% before vs. 37.8% after, p < 0.001) and a significant improvement in comprehensive SRH knowledge (85.6% before vs. 99.5% after, p < 0.001). Findings revealed a 33% reduction in risky sexual behavior (aRR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.57-0.75) and a 16% improvement in comprehensive SRH knowledge (aRR 1.16, 95% CI: 1.12-1.20). Accordingly, the intervention reduced risky sexual behavior and improved comprehensive SRH knowledge. However, these findings should be considered preliminary, as robust studies are needed, including a need for nuanced strategies to address contextual factors that contribute to risky behavior despite improved comprehensive SRH knowledge. Trial registration number: PACTR202608716882566.</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"6 9","pages":"e0006165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13618902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isoniazid monotherapy for tuberculosis prevention during pregnancy and adverse outcomes in women living with HIV in Uganda: A propensity score-weighted analysis of routine care data.","authors":"Joseph Musaazi, Christine Sekaggya-Wiltshire, Stella Zawedde-Muyanja, Proscovia M Namuwenge, M Sanni Ali, Yukari C Manabe, Barbara Castelnuovo, Nele Brusselaers","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005829","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pgph.0005829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Data on the safety of tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) during pregnancy particularly from routine care settings in high tuberculosis (TB) burden countries remain limited. We evaluated the association between TPT exposure during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women living with HIV (WLHIV) in Uganda. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using routinely collected data from five public urban primary health facilities in Kampala, Uganda. We included pregnant women living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) between 2016 and 2022. The primary outcome was a composite of adverse pregnancy outcomes: miscarriage, stillbirth, low birth weight, neonatal complications, or maternal/neonatal death. A secondary composite outcome excluded neonatal and maternal death. There was no preterm delivery documented in this sample. The primary exposure was 6-month isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) during pregnancy. We applied inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using propensity scores from logistic regression to adjust for confounding. Missing data on covariates and outcome were addressed using multiple imputation. Analysis was performed using R software v.4.3.3. We analyzed data from 521 pregnant WLHIV, the median age was 28 years (interquartile range 24-31), 44% of whom received IPT during pregnancy. Overall, 10.0% experienced an adverse pregnancy outcome. No significant differences were observed between IPT-exposed and unexposed groups for the primary (10.3% vs. 9.6%; p = 0.81) or secondary (10.3% vs. 8.5%; p = 0.50) composite outcomes. IPTW-adjusted analysis showed no significant association between IPT exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes (weighted OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.68-1.63; p = 0.81). Sensitivity and subgroup analyses yielded consistent findings. Exposure to 6-month isoniazid TPT during pregnancy was not statistically associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes among women on ART in routine care settings. Strengthened pharmacovigilance and systematic clinical reporting are essential to ensure maternal and neonatal safety as TPT coverage expands in high TB/HIV burden settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":74466,"journal":{"name":"PLOS global public health","volume":"6 9","pages":"e0005829"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13614580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149066719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}