Physical activity and nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Improving hydration in elite male footballers during a national team training camp - an observational case study.","authors":"Magni Mohr,&nbsp;Eli Leifsson Nólsøe,&nbsp;Peter Krustrup,&nbsp;Ioannis G Fatouros,&nbsp;Athanasios Z Jamurtas","doi":"10.20463/pan.2021.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20463/pan.2021.0021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to (i) assess hydration levels in elite male football players during a national team training camp before and during qualifying matches, (ii) evaluate the effect of coaching strategies for hydration based on feedback from hydration monitoring, and (iii) assess possible relationships between hydration status and training load or wellness markers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-one male players (age 27±4 yrs; height 185±6 cm; weight 82.9±6.7 kg; body fat 10.4±2.3%) representing a national team from the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) participated. The players were studied during three different national team training camps related to the UEFA Nations League tournament. Urine specific gravity (USG) was measured to assess hydration status. During all camps, the players were actively coached on improving strategies for hydration and given individual feedback on their test results. The training load was measured using GPS technology, and wellness questionnaires were completed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>USG decreased progressively and significantly (p<0.005) during camp 1 and hydration status improved over the three camps, with fewer dehydrated and more well-hydrated players identified during the last part of camp 3. Significantly (p<0.05) higher USG values were observed 2 days prior to a match (MD-2) than on match day (MD); consequently, 52% of the players were dehydrated on MD-2 and only 6% on MD. No correlations were observed between hydration status and training load or wellness markers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dehydration is a challenge in elite male football, but continuous monitoring of hydration status and coaching on hydration strategies can lead to major improvements and reduce the degree of dehydration.</p>","PeriodicalId":74444,"journal":{"name":"Physical activity and nutrition","volume":"25 4","pages":"10-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0f/a5/pan-2021-0021.PMC8843840.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39619826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic analysis of the pharmacological function of Schisandra as a potential exercise supplement.","authors":"Bok Sil Hong,&nbsp;Suji Baek,&nbsp;Myoung-Ryu Kim,&nbsp;Sun Mi Park,&nbsp;Bom Sahn Kim,&nbsp;Jisu Kim,&nbsp;Kang Pa Lee","doi":"10.20463/pan.2021.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20463/pan.2021.0024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Exercise can prevent conditions such as atrophy and degenerative brain diseases. However, owing to individual differences in athletic ability, exercise supplements can be used to improve a person's exercise capacity. Schisandra chinensis (SC) is a natural product with various physiologically active effects. In this study, we analyzed SC using a pharmacological network and determined whether it could be used as an exercise supplement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The active compounds of SC and target genes were identified using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). The active compound and target genes were selected based on pharmacokinetic (PK) conditions (oral bioavailability (OB) ≥ 30%, Caco-2 permeability (Caco-2) ≥ -0.4, and drug-likeness (DL) ≥ 0.18). Gene ontology (GO) was analyzed using the Cytoscape software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight active compounds were identified according to the PK conditions. Twenty-one target genes were identified after excluding duplicates in the eight active compounds. The top 10 GOs were analyzed using GO-biological process analysis. GO was subsequently divided into three representative categories: postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor activity (53.85%), an intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway (36.46%), and endopeptidase activity (10%). SC is related to immune function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the GO analysis, SC plays a role in immunity and inflammation, promotes liver metabolism, improves fatigue, and regulates the function of steroid receptors. Therefore, we suggest SC as an exercise supplement with nutritional and anti-fatigue benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":74444,"journal":{"name":"Physical activity and nutrition","volume":"25 4","pages":"38-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2e/10/pan-2021-0024.PMC8843844.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39619829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of physical activity with gut microbiota in pre-adolescent children.","authors":"Sara Santarossa, Alexandra R Sitarik, Christine Cole Johnson, Jia Li, Susan V Lynch, Dennis R Ownby, Alex Ramirez, Germaine Lm Yong, Andrea E Cassidy-Bushrow","doi":"10.20463/pan.2021.0023","DOIUrl":"10.20463/pan.2021.0023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine whether physical activity (PA), primarily the recommended 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA, is associated with gut bacterial microbiota in 10-year-old children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Block Physical Activity Screener, which provides minutes/day PA variables, was used to determine whether the child met the PA recommendations. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on stool samples from the children to profile the composition of their gut bacterial microbiota. Differences in alpha diversity metrics (richness, Pielou's evenness, and Faith's phylogenetic diversity) by PA were determined using linear regression, whereas beta diversity (unweighted and weighted UniFrac) relationships were assessed using PERMANOVA. Taxon relative abundance differentials were determined using DESeq2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analytic sample included 321 children with both PA and 16S rRNA sequencing data (mean age [SD] =10.2 [0.8] years; 54.2% male; 62.9% African American), where 189 (58.9%) met the PA recommendations. After adjusting for covariates, meeting the PA recommendations as well as minutes/day PA variables were not significantly associated with gut richness, evenness, or diversity (p ≥ 0.19). However, meeting the PA recommendations (weighted UniFrac R2 = 0.014, p = 0.001) was significantly associated with distinct gut bacterial composition. These compositional differences were partly characterized by increased abundance of Megamonas and Anaerovorax as well as specific Christensenellaceae_R-7_group taxa in children with higher PA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children who met the recommendations of PA had altered gut microbiota compositions. Whether this translates to a reduced risk of obesity or associated metabolic diseases is still unclear.</p>","PeriodicalId":74444,"journal":{"name":"Physical activity and nutrition","volume":"25 4","pages":"24-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ac/df/pan-2021-0023.PMC8843867.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39619828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voluntary exercise training improves body weight of leptin-deficient ob/ob mice by altering hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 and deleted in breast cancer 1 protein levels.","authors":"Wonchung Lim,&nbsp;Moon-Hyon Hwang,&nbsp;Chounghun Kang,&nbsp;So Yeon Kim,&nbsp;Hyeseong Cho","doi":"10.20463/pan.2021.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20463/pan.2021.0026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) ablation causes obesity, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) induces the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. This study examined whether voluntary wheel running (VWR) alters SCD-1 and DBC1 protein levels in the liver of leptin-deficient ob/ob mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-five Ob/Ob mice were divided into two groups (ob/ob-Sed and ob/ob-Ex). The expression of DBC1 and SCD1 in the mouse liver was determined using western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 10 weeks, VWR significantly reduced body weight without affecting the fatty acid synthase and CD36 protein levels. The average daily running distance was 4.0±1.0 km/day. This improvement was associated with changes in the hepatic SCD1 and DBC1 levels. Hepatic SCD-1 protein levels increased significantly, and DBC1 protein levels decreased in ob/ob-Sed animals. On the other hand, VWR inhibited the obesity-induced increase in SCD1 expression and impaired the obesity-induced decrease in DBC1 expression in the liver of leptin-deficient ob/ob mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first study showing that VWR has strong effects on hepatic SCD1 and DBC1 in ob/ob mice, and provides key insights into the effects of exercise on obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":74444,"journal":{"name":"Physical activity and nutrition","volume":"25 4","pages":"54-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/77/3e/pan-2021-0026.PMC8843868.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39913568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Education based on the health belief model to improve the level of physical activity.","authors":"Masoud Khodaveisi,&nbsp;Bahman Azizpour,&nbsp;Ali Jadidi,&nbsp;Younes Mohammadi","doi":"10.20463/pan.2021.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20463/pan.2021.0022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effect of education based on the health belief model on the physical activity of the staff of the University of Medical Sciences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This semi-experimental study was conducted on 130 university staff aged 25-50 years from the Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Inclusion criteria were having at least 1 year of work experience, lack of acute and chronic physical and mental illnesses, and not using drugs that affect physical activity. The samples were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group received three training sessions based on the health belief model. Before and 2 months after training, the control and experimental groups were evaluated via the following questionnaires: (1) demographic information questionnaire, (2) Health Belief Model Questionnaire, and (3) International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Finally, data were analyzed statistically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The training process resulted in a significant increase in the mean scores of the health belief model constructs in the experimental group, but changes in the control group were not significant. Self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of physical activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The health belief model is a useful model for improving individuals' understanding of the benefits of physical activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":74444,"journal":{"name":"Physical activity and nutrition","volume":"25 4","pages":"17-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/da/9c/pan-2021-0022.PMC8843841.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39619827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of exercise-associated hyponatremia during a high-altitude 161-km ultramarathon.","authors":"Morteza Khodaee,&nbsp;Anahita Saeedi,&nbsp;Christine Harris-Spinks,&nbsp;Tamara Hew-Butler","doi":"10.20463/pan.2021.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20463/pan.2021.0016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) is a well-known condition among endurance athletes at low altitudes. The incidence of EAH during ultramarathons at high altitudes warrants further investigation. This prospective observational study was conducted on the participants of the Leadville Trail 100 run, a 161- km race held at a high altitude (2,800 m-3,840 m).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Venous blood samples were collected before and immediately after the race. The participants completed an electronic survey after the race. Our main outcome measure was the post-race serum sodium ([Na+]) level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 672 athletes who started the race, 351 (52%) successfully completed the event within the 30- hour cut-off. Post-race blood samples were collected from 84 runners (66 finishers). Both pre- and post-race blood samples were collected from 37 participants. Twenty percent of the post-race participants had EAH. Only one post-race participant had a [Na+] level of &lt;130 mmol/L. All participants with EAH were asymptomatic. One participant had an abnormal pre-race [Na+] level (134 mmol/L). Female participants had a significantly higher rate of EAH than male participants (40% vs. 16%; p=0.039). Age, body mass index, weight changes, race completion status, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, and urine specific gravity were not associated with the development of EAH. Lower postrace [Na+] levels were associated with higher serum creatine kinase values (R2=0.1, p<0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High altitude (3,840 m peak) does not appear to enhance the incidence of EAH after an ultramarathon footrace. This suggests that ambient temperature (low temperatures reduce risk), sex (female predilection), endurance running, and overhydration are more prominent risk factors for EAH than high altitude.</p>","PeriodicalId":74444,"journal":{"name":"Physical activity and nutrition","volume":"25 3","pages":"16-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/75/04/pan-2021-0016.PMC8580585.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39851019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A network pharmacology approach to explore the potential role of Panax ginseng on exercise performance.","authors":"Jisu Kim,&nbsp;Kang Pa Lee,&nbsp;Myoung-Ryu Kim,&nbsp;Bom Sahn Kim,&nbsp;Byung Seok Moon,&nbsp;Chul Ho Shin,&nbsp;Suji Baek,&nbsp;Bok Sil Hong","doi":"10.20463/pan.2021.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20463/pan.2021.0018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>As Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (ginseng) exhibits various physiological activities and is associated with exercise, we investigated the potential active components of ginseng and related target genes through network pharmacological analysis. Additionally, we analyzed the association between ginseng-related genes, such as the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and improved exercise capacity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Active compounds in ginseng and the related target genes were searched in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). Gene ontology functional analysis was performed to identify biological processes related to the collected genes, and a compound-target network was visualized using Cytoscape 3.7.2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 21 ginseng active compounds were detected, and 110 targets regulated by 17 active substances were identified. We found that the active compound protein was involved in the biological process of adrenergic receptor activity in 80%, G-protein-coupled neurotransmitter in 10%, and leucocyte adhesion to arteries in 10%. Additionally, the biological response centered on adrenergic receptor activity showed a close relationship with G protein through the beta-1 adrenergic receptor gene reactivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to bioavailability analysis, ginseng comprises 21 active compounds. Furthermore, we investigated the ginseng-stimulated gene activation using ontology analysis. GPCR, a gene upregulated by ginseng, is positively correlated to exercise. Therefore, if a study on this factor is conducted, it will provide useful basic data for improving exercise performance and health.</p>","PeriodicalId":74444,"journal":{"name":"Physical activity and nutrition","volume":"25 3","pages":"28-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cc/48/pan-2021-0018.PMC8580580.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39851021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of marine oligomeric polyphenols on body composition and physical ability of elderly individuals with sarcopenia: a pilot study.","authors":"Il-Su Kwon,&nbsp;Deuk-Su Park,&nbsp;Hyeon-Cheol Shin,&nbsp;Myung-Gyu Seok,&nbsp;Jae-Keun Oh","doi":"10.20463/pan.2021.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20463/pan.2021.0014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We aimed to identify the effects of marine oligomeric polyphenol (MOP) intake in elderly individuals with sarcopenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Older adults (aged 65 years or older) were recruited based on the diagnostic criterion for sarcopenia and were randomly assigned to the MOP intake group (n=10) or the placebo (PBO) intake group (n=10). To determine the effect of MOP intake received for four weeks, the pre- and post-intake body composition (weight, skeletal muscle mass, and bone density) and senior fitness tests were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results showed there were significant differences in the skeletal muscle mass (p=0.039), bone density (p=0.020), fat-free mass index (p=0.026), and 2.4 m up and go test (p=0.001) between pretest and post-test. There was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test and an interaction effect for the one-leg stand test (p=0.010 and p=0.049, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in body fat percentage, calf circumference, grip strength, or the chair rise test.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Some variables exhibited significant differences in the pre- and post-assessments, and there was an interaction effect for the one-leg stand. However, this was insufficient to prove the effectiveness of MOP intake in improving sarcopenia. Therefore, additional studies are essential to examine the effects of MOP intake and exercise intervention on the body composition and fitness of patients over a longer period.</p>","PeriodicalId":74444,"journal":{"name":"Physical activity and nutrition","volume":"25 3","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/38/49/pan-2021-0014.PMC8580584.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39837213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oligomerized polyphenols in lychee fruit extract supplements may improve high-intensity exercise performance in male athletes: a pilot study.","authors":"Aki Kawamura,&nbsp;Shun Hashimoto,&nbsp;Miho Suzuki,&nbsp;Hiromasa Ueno,&nbsp;Masaaki Sugita","doi":"10.20463/pan.2021.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20463/pan.2021.0015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by prolonged high-intensity exercise can cause structural and functional damage. Antioxidant polyphenol supplementation, which reduces ROS levels, may improve high-intensity exercise performance. We evaluated the effect of lychee fruit extract, which contains high levels of low-molecular-weight oligomerized polyphenols, on high-intensity exercise performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten male athletes were included in an open-label trial that consisted of control and intervention phases, with a 7-day washout period between phases. The participants were administered oligomerized lychee fruit extract for seven days, whereas no intervention was given in the control phase. High-intensity intermittent exercise and the Wingate test were performed. The power output, blood lactate levels, reactive oxygen metabolite levels, biological antioxidant potential, heart rate, and rate of perceived exertion were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average power output was significantly higher in the intervention phase than in the control phase (p < 0.01), while the change in blood lactate levels was significantly lower in the intervention phase than in the control phase (p < 0.05). The average heart rate was significantly higher in the intervention phase than in the control phase (p < 0.05), without changing the rate of perceived exertion. Although there was no difference in reactive oxygen metabolite levels between the phase, the change in biological antioxidant potential was larger in the intervention phase than in the control phase (p = 0.06). The Wingate test showed no significant differences between the phase.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Short-term loading with oligomerized lychee fruit extract may increase performance during high-intensity intermittent exercise by improving metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":74444,"journal":{"name":"Physical activity and nutrition","volume":"25 3","pages":"8-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cd/35/pan-2021-0015.PMC8580582.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39837214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of obesity-related parameters in junior sumo wrestlers and children with obesity.","authors":"Miori Ogawa,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Sagayama,&nbsp;Shinsuke Tamai,&nbsp;Reiko Momma,&nbsp;Daisuke Hoshi,&nbsp;Akiko Uchizawa,&nbsp;Go Ichikawa,&nbsp;Osamu Arisaka,&nbsp;Koichi Watanabe","doi":"10.20463/pan.2021.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20463/pan.2021.0019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Exercise is a key factor in preventing obesity and metabolic syndrome. Sumo wrestlers increase their body size from childhood for athletic advantage; however, the risk of metabolic syndrome in junior sumo wrestlers is undetermined. Preventive measures against pediatric obesity should be initiated during childhood to prevent obesity in adulthood, considering its high global incidence. We comparatively evaluated the risk factors for metabolic syndrome in junior sumo wrestlers and children with obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 70 male children (age 9-17 years [sumo group, n = 14] and 9-14 years [other sports and non-exercise groups, n = 28 each]) and evaluated their anthropometric parameters (height, weight, body mass index z-score, obesity rate, waist circumference, waist to height ratio) and hematological parameters (total, low-density, high-density, and non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; triglycerides; plasma glucose, and glycated hemoglobin levels).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The BMI z-score, obesity rate, waist circumference (p < 0.05, along with the non-exercise group), and systolic blood pressure were significantly higher and the high-density cholesterol level was lower in the sumo group than in the other sports group (p < 0.05). The waist to height ratio was significantly higher in the non-exercise group than in the other sports group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found in other blood lipid, plasma glucose (significantly lower level than the reference range in the sumo group, p < 0.05), and glycated hemoglobin (within the reference range in all groups) levels among the three groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Junior sumo wrestlers had a larger body size and higher blood pressure than children with obesity who exercised regularly. This provides direction for future research into targeted preventive interventions against metabolic syndrome for junior sumo wrestlers with large body size.</p>","PeriodicalId":74444,"journal":{"name":"Physical activity and nutrition","volume":"25 3","pages":"36-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/53/ce/pan-2021-0019.PMC8580583.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39851022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}