Physical activity and nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Tart cherry supplementation for exercise recovery: an evidence-informed narrative review and applied monitoring framework.","authors":"Jooyoung Kim","doi":"10.20463/pan.2026.0009","DOIUrl":"10.20463/pan.2026.0009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This review synthesizes evidence on tart cherry juice supplementation for recovery after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and develops an expert-informed applied framework for sports nutrition practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This evidence-informed narrative review, supported by a structured literature search, prioritized peer-reviewed human experimental studies (especially randomized placebo-controlled trials), with systematic reviews and meta-analyses used for contextualization. The outcomes included delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)/perceived recovery, neuromuscular recovery (strength/power), and biochemical indices of muscle damage and inflammation. The interpretation considered training status, exercise model (eccentric, endurance, intermittent), supplement form, timing architecture, and assessment windows.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proposed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms did not consistently translate into functional benefits in different contexts. Favorable signals are more frequent for soreness and perceptual outcomes, whereas strength/power findings are mixed and condition-dependent, and biochemical responses are heterogeneous and difficult to interpret in isolation. Several controlled trials have reported null effects, indicating potential limitations to efficacy related to population characteristics, protocol design, dosing/composition, and outcome timing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tart cherry juice is best interpreted as a context-dependent adjunct during high recovery-pressure periods (e.g., congested fixtures, short turnarounds, travel) rather than as a universal daily intervention. Given the theoretical concerns regarding adaptation blunting with chronic antioxidant exposure and limited long-term data, a periodized approach is warranted. Further, potential sponsorship/publication bias should be considered when translating the evidence into practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":74444,"journal":{"name":"Physical activity and nutrition","volume":"30 1","pages":"63-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13065380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeated-sprint exercise delays gastric emptying independently of hypoxia and heat exposure.","authors":"Keiichi Yamaguchi, Daichi Sumi, Nanako Hayashi, Kazushige Goto","doi":"10.20463/pan.2026.0006","DOIUrl":"10.20463/pan.2026.0006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The present study examined the effects of repeated-sprint exercise in normoxia, hypoxia, and combined heat and hypoxia on the gastric emptying rate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eleven physically active males completed four experimental trials, consisting of a resting control (REST) and three exercise trials; three sets of 5 × 6-s maximal sprints in normoxia (NOR; 23℃, FiO2: 20.9%), hypoxia (HYP; 23℃, FiO2: 14.5%), and combined heat and hypoxia (HH; 35℃, FiO2: 14.5%) in a randomized order. Post-exercise gastric emptying rate was assessed by the 13C-sodium acetate breath test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 13C excretion was significantly lower in the exercise trials (NOR, HYP, and HH) than in the REST during 10-35 min after exercise (p &lt; 0.05). Time to peak 13C excretion was significantly delayed in all exercise trials (NOR, HYP, and HH) compared with the REST (p &lt; 0.05), with no difference among the exercise trials. The magnitude of the gastric emptying delay was correlated with power output and blood glucose during the exercise.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Repeated-sprint exercise significantly delayed gastric emptying, while additional hypoxic or heat stress did not exacerbate the delay, suggesting that hypoxic or heat stress can be applied during repeated-sprint training without negative impacts on gastric emptying.</p>","PeriodicalId":74444,"journal":{"name":"Physical activity and nutrition","volume":"30 1","pages":"42-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13065384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-intensity interval training after stroke: evidence &amp; practice.","authors":"Hyun-Min Moon","doi":"10.20463/pan.2026.0007","DOIUrl":"10.20463/pan.2026.0007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To synthesize clinical, cognitive, safety, and mechanistic evidence on supervised high-intensity interval training (HIIT) after stroke and translate key findings into practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a narrative review of supervised HIIT interventions in adults after stroke. Electronic searches of PubMed and Web of Science identified studies published between January 1, 2014, and September 30, 2025. Eligibility criteria emphasized feasibility, safety, and neurofunctional outcomes (six-min walk distance, gait speed, peak aerobic capacity, activities/participation, and cognition). Quantitative pooling was not performed, and the findings were qualitatively synthesized. To explain biological plausibility, mechanistic and translational sources were reviewed irrespective of the year and summarized separately.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HIIT was feasible under guideline-concordant screening and monitoring, with no serious adverse events. Consistent gains were observed in aerobic capacity, walking endurance, and usual gait speed, whereas activity/participation effects were mixed. Cognitive benefits were domain-specific and the clearest for executive functions. Mechanistic signals (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), frontal oxygenation, and endothelial function) support biological plausibility.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Supervised HIIT appears safe and clinically useful for augmenting locomotor and aerobic outcomes after stroke and may preferentially enhance executive cognition. Implementation should complement task-specific therapy and follow standard screening and monitoring procedures. Future work should refine dose- and phase-specific protocols to maximize application to daily function.</p>","PeriodicalId":74444,"journal":{"name":"Physical activity and nutrition","volume":"30 1","pages":"47-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13065381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of 8-week prop Pilates or apparatus Pilates on body composition, blood pressure, mechanical properties of core muscles, mental health, and physical fitness in postmenopausal women.","authors":"Kiyoung Lim, Yerin Sun, Jae-Ho Choi, Eunjoo Lee, Hun-Young Park","doi":"10.20463/pan.2026.0005","DOIUrl":"10.20463/pan.2026.0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The present study aimed to verify the effects of an 8-week prop Pilates training program on body composition, blood pressure, core muscle mechanical properties, mental health, and physical fitness in postmenopausal women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four postmenopausal women were divided into a prop Pilates group (PPG, n = 12) and an apparatus Pilates group (APG, n = 12) via randomized equal sampling. All participants maintained their normal daily lifestyle during the study period and performed the Pilates intervention corresponding to each group for 8 weeks, 3 times per week, 50 min a day. The effectiveness of the two modalities was examined by analyzing pre- and post-intervention changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PPG showed a significant decrease in external oblique muscle tone, STAI, and BDI and a significant increase in sit-ups, sit-and-reach, and one-leg stand with eyes closed. The APG showed a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, external oblique and erector spinae muscle tone, and BDI and a significant increase in grip strength, sit-ups, seated forward bends, and one-leg standing with eyes closed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study confirmed that both prop Pilates and apparatus Pilates were effective in improving the mechanical properties of the core muscles, mental health, and physical fitness of postmenopausal women. Overall, significant time effects were observed in the APG for blood pressure, lumbar erector spinae muscle tone, and grip strength.</p>","PeriodicalId":74444,"journal":{"name":"Physical activity and nutrition","volume":"30 1","pages":"32-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13065379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daily turmeric and ginger beverage consumption attenuates physical menstrual cycle symptoms in sub-elite female footballers: a pilot study.","authors":"Jasper van der Wolf-Ong, Connor Parker, Eleanor L Procter, Samantha J Abbott, Sophie Harries, Chloe Everton, John Hough, Ross Burbeary, Matthew Mayer, Daniel Martin, Loris A Juett, David J Clayton, Ian Varley","doi":"10.20463/pan.2026.0001","DOIUrl":"10.20463/pan.2026.0001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Female footballers frequently experience menstrual cycle-related symptoms, often most severe during menstruation, compounding exercise-induced muscle soreness, and impairing performance and wellbeing. Turmeric and ginger have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties and may alleviate menstrual symptoms and reduce exercise-induced muscle soreness, but have not been studied as a whole-food combined beverage. This study investigated the effects of daily consumption of a turmeric and ginger containing beverage (TGB) on menstrual cycle related symptoms, post-match soreness, and markers of inflammation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six sub-elite female footballers completed a six-month protocol involving a 99-day control period without TGB consumption (CON), followed by an 89- day intervention period with self-administered daily TGB consumption (TGB). Each TGB contained juice from 35 g turmeric root and 6 g ginger root, with a black pepper mix (BioMax Uptake Blend®). Menstrual cycle-related symptoms were self-reported daily during menstruation, while muscle soreness (leg-specific and whole-body) and plasma concentrations of creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP), and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) were assessed immediately after five competitive matches during each period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Physical menstrual symptoms were reduced 10% during TGB compared with CON (P = 0.013). No differences between trials were observed for psychological menstrual symptoms (P = 0.209), post-match soreness (leg-specific: P = 0.388; whole-body: P = 0.633), CK (P = 0.303), CRP (P = 0.917), or I-FABP (P = 0.322).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides preliminary evidence that a daily turmeric and ginger-containing beverage can reduce physical menstrual cycle-related symptoms in female footballers, providing scope for larger placebo-controlled trials to confirm efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":74444,"journal":{"name":"Physical activity and nutrition","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13065388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a 3D motion recognition-based virtual training system on balance and gait performance in older adults.","authors":"Dae-Joong Yang, Hyeong-Seok Lee","doi":"10.20463/pan.2026.0002","DOIUrl":"10.20463/pan.2026.0002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study examined the effects of a 3D motion-recognition-based virtual training system on balance and gait in older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty older adults ( ≥ 60 years) were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 15) and the control group (n = 15). The experimental group underwent 3D motion-recognition-based virtual training for 8 weeks, while the control group performed a conventional exercise program without 3D motion-recognition-based virtual training. Balance measures (surface area, weight distribution, and limit of stability) and gait measures (cadence, gait speed, and stride length) were assessed before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the intervention, the experimental group showed significant improvements in all balance and gait parameters (p &lt; 0.05), whereas the control group demonstrated significant improvements in balance and gait parameters except for surface area (p &lt; 0.05). Notably, weight distribution, limit of stability, cadence, and gait velocity showed significantly greater improvements in the experimental group compared with the control group (p &lt; 0.05). However, no significant between-group differences were observed for surface area and stride length.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 3D motion-recognition-based virtual training system is an effective intervention for improving balance and gait function in older adults, contributing to enhanced mobility and balance ability. Future studies should further investigate the long-term effects of this intervention and work toward optimizing the training protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":74444,"journal":{"name":"Physical activity and nutrition","volume":"30 1","pages":"9-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13065386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in nocturnal-skin temperature and sleep parameters following endurance training sessions in female long-distance runners.","authors":"Saya Okamoto, Chao-An Lin, Chiyori Hiromatsu, Kazushige Goto","doi":"10.20463/pan.2026.0008","DOIUrl":"10.20463/pan.2026.0008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study investigated nocturnal skin temperature and sleep parameters after endurance training sessions in female long-distance runners. Eleven female long-distance runners were monitored for 7 consecutive days. Proximal skin temperature was measured every 5 min using a button-type thermometer (Hal-Share, SUN·WISE Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) attached to the groin area. Sleep parameters, including sleep efficiency, total sleep time, sleep latency, and wake time after sleep onset (WASO), were assessed using actigraphy (wGT3X-BT, ActiGraph LLC, Pensacola, FL, USA). Data were compared between two conditions: a day involving strenuous endurance training (Training Day; a total of 130 min comprising high-intensity running from 10:00-10:40 A.M., and jogging from 5:00-5:30 A.M. and 3:30-4:30 P.M.) and a day without training (Rest Day). Skin temperature during sleep was significantly higher on the Training Day compared with the Rest Day at 10 and 20 min after bedtime (p &lt; 0.05), but significantly lower 60 min after bedtime (p &lt; 0.05). Between 90 and 130 min after bedtime, skin temperature was significantly elevated compared with the value at sleep onset (p &lt; 0.05). Total sleep time was significantly longer on the Training Day than on the Rest Day (447.6 ± 60.5 min vs. 360.2 ± 45.3 min; p &lt; 0.05); sleep efficiency, sleep latency, and WASO showed no significant differences between the conditions. In conclusion, multiple endurance training sessions (three sessions per day) altered nocturnal skin temperature patterns during the initial 130 min of sleep and increased total sleep time in female long-distance runners.</p>","PeriodicalId":74444,"journal":{"name":"Physical activity and nutrition","volume":"30 1","pages":"58-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13065383/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity and healthy nutrition campaign for primary school children in developing countries: implementation of the build our kids' success (BOKS) program in Indonesia.","authors":"Agus Mahendra, Hermawati Triwibowo, Placide Simbizi, Mickhael Rajagukguk, Anira, Saskia Rosita Indasari","doi":"10.20463/pan.2026.0012","DOIUrl":"10.20463/pan.2026.0012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the implementation and outcomes of the Build Our Kids' Success (BOKS) program in Indonesia, conducted in urban Jakarta and rural East Nusa Tenggara (ENT). The program, funded by Sun Life, was carried out to enhance children's physical activity levels and nutritional knowledge as part of an intervention to address inactivity among children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 382 primary school students, comprising 132 from urban and 250 from rural settings, participated in a 12-week BOKS program, consisting of nine core physical activities such as running, burpees, and jumping jacks, led by trained physical education teachers. Quantitative analysis was conducted to assess the proportion of children meeting the World Health Organization's (WHO) physical activity recommendations, average daily minutes of physical activity, perceived environmental support, and nutrition knowledge. Data were collected pre- and post-intervention using adapted standardized instruments. Paired t-tests were conducted to determine significant changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the percentage of children meeting WHO physical activity recommendations significantly increased from 64.1% to 83.8%, accompanied by a rise in average daily physical activity from 107.09 minutes to 136.23 minutes. Improvements were observed in both settings, with urban schools showing greater gains in WHO adherence, while rural maintained higher baseline activity levels. Changes in perceived environmental support were not statistically significant, whereas nutrition knowledge reached statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The BOKS program effectively improved physical activity levels among Indonesian primary school children in both urban and rural settings. These results supported the integration of structured physical activity and nutrition education into school curricula as a strategy to combat children's inactivity and promote healthy lifestyles in low-resource settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":74444,"journal":{"name":"Physical activity and nutrition","volume":"30 1","pages":"92-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13065377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The time course of changes in bone mass and bone strength induced by the combination of voluntary running exercise and food restriction in young female rats.","authors":"Yuki Aikawa, Yumi Kato, Kazuki Kioka, Yuki Iwama, Rikako Miyazawa, Hitomi Ogata, Ken Kiyono, Naomi Omi","doi":"10.20463/pan.2026.0011","DOIUrl":"10.20463/pan.2026.0011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to determine the time course of changes in bone mass and bone strength induced by the combination of voluntary running exercise and food restriction in young female rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Female Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 7 weeks) were randomly divided into the following three experimental groups after a 1-week acclimatization period: sedentary and ad libitum feeding (SED), voluntary wheel running exercise and ad libitum feeding (EX), and voluntary wheel running and food restriction (EX-FR). Dissections were performed at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The strength of the femoral mid-shaft was assessed using the three-point bending test. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the tibia was measured using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry machine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 2 weeks, the body weight, abdominal fat weight, and bone weight of the femur in the EX-FR group were significantly lower than those in the SED and EX groups. The BMD of the tibia in the EX-FR group was significantly lower than that in the EX group. At 4 weeks, the bone strength of the femur in the EX-FR group was significantly lower than that in the EX group. At 8 weeks, the bone strength of the femur in the EX-FR group was significantly lower than that in the SED group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings demonstrate that bone mass is affected earlier than bone strength under energy-deficient exercise conditions, providing important insights into the temporal progression of bone impairment associated with relative energy deficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":74444,"journal":{"name":"Physical activity and nutrition","volume":"30 1","pages":"82-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13065382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle quality index and phase angle responses to matched-volume resistance training at different frequencies in older women.","authors":"Matheus Amarante do Nascimento, Ágatha Graça, Higor Santos Fonseca, Fábio Luiz Cheche Pina, Wendell Arthur Lopes, Jerry L Mayhew, Paolo M Cunha, Alex Silva Ribeiro","doi":"10.20463/pan.2026.0010","DOIUrl":"10.20463/pan.2026.0010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the effects of two resistance training (RT) frequencies (two vs. three sessions per week) on phase angle (PhA), a bioimpedance-derived marker, and muscle quality index (MQI) in older women under matched weekly training volume.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-five older women (G2x: n = 22; G3x: n = 23; 63.2 ± 4.5 years) completed 12 weeks of supervised RT. Outcomes included fat mass, FFM, resting metabolic rate, total body water, PhA, and MQI, calculated as one-repetition maximum (1RM) divided by the corresponding segment-specific fat-free mass (FFM) measured by DXA for the chest press, leg extension, and preacher curl exercises. This study represents a secondary analysis of data from a previously published trial, focusing on neuromuscular efficiency and PhA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MQI increased significantly over time in both groups (p &lt; 0.001), with no time × group interactions observed across exercises. No group-level changes were detected for PhA, and mean fluctuations remained below the minimal detectable change. Fat mass decreased modestly in the 3×/week group, whereas FFM increased slightly in both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When weekly training volume was equated, RT performed two or three times per week resulted in similar improvements in MQI, with no group-level changes observed for PhA in older women.</p>","PeriodicalId":74444,"journal":{"name":"Physical activity and nutrition","volume":"30 1","pages":"72-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13065378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}